Transcripts For DW Testosterone 20240713

To. The. Testosterone is the most important mile 6 home and men who are heavily influenced by to still strong in a city be egotistical and i enjoy taking risks bought a number of european scientists have been trying to find out whether testosterone is really as bad as its reputation. Weve come to the months to university. The hospital to talk to dr michelles its man a german specialist in the treatment of diseases that affect men hes also an expert on hormones. Feeding and just astro is responsible for the development of a number of lay all physical characteristics including hair patterns on the head bowed head also determines beard growth affects muscles and a mans overall personality as the story gets a much more complex or long than some people might think think under. Most testosterone is produced in the testes but a small amount comes from the adrenal cortex. The specific sources of testosterone other light excels the hormones that are responsible for developing male characteristics in the body a cold and reagents the most important androgen testosterone. Levels of testosterone rise dramatically during puberty and then remain at a high level but researchers have also found significant short term increases in this home and immediately after birth. Of our own thus plus yet a sign of its hard to say why that happens but it seems to be a part of the maturation process in the brain tissue and in the male reproductive system the spirit of man most. Christian of all brawn at the age of 20 he discovered that he had 2 little testosterone in his body doctors later determined that the cells in his brain were not sending up the proper production signals the cause of the problem wasnt clear. At 1st both had a hard time even describing the symptoms it took a long time for doctors to come up with a proper diagnosis. This violent response to my realizing that something was wrong was a gradual process it didnt happen overnight i kept feeling worse and worse at target i had no energy at all and no sex drive either spectrum is just money but i could feel something just wasnt right it was a good field then i was diagnosed with depression. When i realized that something was seriously wrong with me out of control over the top and i went in was finished. The whole was a medical student at the time and a bodybuilder he kept a close eye on his metabolism and testosterone levels. Not met and was approved but i couldnt figure out what was going on i got along well with my family and had a girlfriend i was doing well at school and then i figured out that this might have something to do with a testosterone deficiency i was in a dentist of swan so i had some tests done and the levels turned out to be about 0 thats a bit low isnt a sense of any. How much testosterone demand actually need. To average men have at least 8. 00 to 12. 00 men or more for a leader of testosterone to anything below that represents a deficiency but the amount also depends on genetics a single missing from that you need to could womens testosterone levels are much lower food about 5 to 10 percent that of men. They use the testosterone to synthesize estrogen to the primary female sex or not. That synthesis is carried out by an enzyme called aromatase it can be found in cells in several parts of the body including the brain adrenal glands ovaries and testes. In the face of such testosterone levels cristian full of chose a potentially risky full of medical treatment. Needed hormone replacement therapy after other possible causes like vitamin d. Deficiency have been ruled out it might also be either. One of the side effects of hormone replacement therapy is that it suppresses sperm production which can cause infertility. Just tossed around as naturally produced in the testicles but the process begins in the brain and hes reciprocally in the hypothalamus sign and. Hides it links the bodys nervous system to the end the Current System who the pituitary gland. Treats land is divided into 2 sections the anterior portion produces 2 key hormones l. H. And s. And each l. H. Is responsible for stimulating the production of testosterone in the testes f s h contributes to the production of span. These 2 hormones report back to the brain and within the body is producing enough testosterone and sperm. The brain adjusts the amounts of each as necessary. Then the. Testosterone replacement therapy suppresses the hormones in the pituitary gland that are responsible for sperm production and its like a Birth Control pills. In months. And a month but if a man is to start strong deficient and wants to have children we have to take a different approach. Long testosterone can have serious effect on the body that can too much of this one might make men overly aggressive. This is leon home of france the center for cognitive neuroscience is john cole dreyer is a Research Director here dreyer has been studying the influence of testosterone on Human Behavior and hes found little evidence that to stop strong and strokes aggression in men. Should. Be a vector that testosterone has on Human Behavior is by no means clear but there is some indirect evidence and look into their example high levels of testosterone have been found in some Prison Inmates who have committed serious crimes these are a few more and we did a study which indicated that patients who were given testosterone injections if you could become more aggressive say on the 60 minute call to show you know somebodys testosterone can also actually improve social behaviors who. Are some group or neutral in the center in. So a dis point theres little hard evidence pointing to a link between increased levels of testosterone and aggressive behavior. d dreyer conducted an experiment to try to prove or disprove these climbs his 1st task was to measure the testosterone levels in the participants blood. d testosterone is a fat soluble hormone so it can pass through the membranes of cells bind with hormone receptors and then produce changes in the cell structure. Testosterone can be identified and measured in various bodily fluids. Including saliva urine and blood. Before the experiment begins one group of participants is injected with testosterone the other group is given a placebo. The only slits. We tried to determine whether the increase in testosterone levels would contribute to a change in behavior as you grap shows that both groups started out with approximately the same level of testosterone surely looking at this from that is then we gave one group testosterone injection its once again the 2nd record of the increase in the level of this hormonal. Now the test subjects are going to take part in a game exercise called ultimatum the game is frequently used in Behavior Research its designed to test whether a person is generous all selfish one of the players is given a sum of money and is required to share part of it with the other if the 2nd player accepts the offer the deal goes ahead as planned but if he rejects it neither player gets any money. From those of us more at this point we observed no difference between the player whod been given testosterone and the one who hasnt is still into sr on a set of. Now the rules of the game are going to change a bit the players will be able to use the money to reward fair behavior or punish unfair behavior and this is where driver and his colleagues observed a difference between a player who got an extra dose of testosterone and the one who didnt. Seem to be should team. Its a subtle difference and we confirmed it only in the 2nd stage of the experiment. The group administered with extra testosterone imposed a more severe punishment when they believed that they hadnt been given enough money but at the same time they also reacted more positively when given more money than expected he did you know. We observed a big difference in the behavior of the 2 groups. So can testosterone also stimulate generosity in men the researchers were surprised by the results but the situation is more complex than that dre a says theres a subconscious motivation at work here. To motivate young. This man aman and shows clearly to. So you can improve your social status if you cooperate with people used or engage in other kinds of positive social behavior. Also more so while testosterone can influence aggression commitments which it also plays a role in the ability to act with generosity so thats good news in the listed. Dreyer has been looking for more evidence to support his theory on the influence of testosterone so hes been studying brain activity. That is 2 or more testosterone based behavior that can improve a man social status and that process could be linked to various mechanisms in the brain its going to particularly a group of neural structures known as the reward system to mark. Improved social status generates a sense of wellbeing like a reward that may explain the boasting trait commonly associated with excessive manly behavior that you know is 20 percent or more and i have to go upstream theres always a motivation behind generosity if someone sees you being generous theyre more likely to think highly of you for example that men will probably be more generous if they know that they are being observed by women 20 simply by the. Job so this indicates another link between testosterone and generous behavior. To let its own peers we were. In that was to. So testosterone may be responsible for positive and negative behavior in both cases this behavior seems to be directed at preserving or even improving social status. Psychologist pronto mehta is an associate professor at University College in london. His research focuses on how hormones particularly testosterone influence Human Behavior. The evidence for that myth that testosterone is directly related to masculine traits like aggression has not borne out in the data so there are plenty of results suggesting that testosterone is either weakly or unrelated to aggressive behavior at all in humans including human males so the field is still trying to unpack these kinds of the facts to understand when testosterone might be related to other behaviors like helping and prosocial behavior as well. Met or has carried out an experiment that involves the ultimatum game similar to the one we saw earlier. Its actually a way to look at 2 kinds of behaviors one is trust to what extent is the 1st mover trusting and 2 to look at reciprocity of trust if someone is hyper trusting is the 2nd mover going to reciprocate that trust. As in the experiment carried out by sean dreyer one player was given an extra dose of testosterone the other player was given a placebo. The experiment will measure the level of trust between the 2 the player administered testosterone could use his money to make sure that the other player also profits that will the 2nd player give back some of his winnings as a gesture of gratitude or would he keep it all for himself. We found 2 interesting facts 1st its consistent with the stereotype testosterone reduce trust in the 1st mover so that is somewhat consistent with the stereotype testosterone being related to. Competitiveness and threat and the environment may be. Mobilizing more selfish social behaviors rates are going to keep money. Next the players reverse their else. In both tests the player with the extra testosterone shares his winnings with the other this is an example of prosocial behavior. We know that reciprocity in cooperated situations its going to garner status and what we found is it has asked her to sit for us or prosody more arguing that in a cooperate of environment its again a superstition prosocial behaviors that you gain status and so though in those situations testosterone actually might boost prosocial. Mehta is convinced that to starts to run plays a much more complex role in Human Behavior than research has previously phil what for example it can promote socially positive behavior but theres always a motivating factor behind that behavior. Over what. You can imagine when we think about our leaders and people in positions of power they have expertise knowledge and experience that theyre going to relate to their subordinates thats part of being a good leader thats also part of some definitions of power where youre helping others as a way to influence others in some ways so you can think of it as process but its also in some definitions an exertion of power. But concepts such as masculinity status and power are perceived differently in various cultures around the world will the test results differ from one country to the next. So my laboratory isnt one in someone elses laboratory in germany someone elses laboratory is in a rural part of the south of the United States that should theoretically be expected to change the results. But the effects of testosterone on the human body at the same regardless of culture and geography when Christian Vall found out that he was infertile he started looking for solutions. But my mother took me to see a urologist and he told her that i would never have children or that i could have a super live sex life so my mom didnt think it was funny so i started reading up on my condition is that a similar kinds of folks or. Is there a medical solution to infertility caused by testosterone deficiency. Doctors its my luck has somehow. Been i know one shot and licensed and one of the things we can do for men who suffer from this problem is to give them injections of going out or dropping hormones and you have a gun to your wrist you can see how p. Form of treatment has been used for years even decades where you had scenes and comes. The good not a trope ans include h. Which is responsible for the production of testosterone in the testes and if s. H. Which contributes to the production of sperm. The treatment was successful for christian of all for his body was able to produce testosterone and fish oil sperm for a short period of time he had the sperm frozen for later use. He starts to notes that if i had listened to what the doctors told me at 1st it would have ended right there but now i can have children. Out of the szell ties is a professor of psychology at Friedrich Alexander university in ellen his Research Work focuses on how testosterone affects the body specifically bone growth. My company would know some effect from distance that one just tossed around an extra die on its counterpart in females and contribute significantly to bone strength and density engine from Prenatal Development to maturity. On this new income and in the clear example during the 1st 3 months of pregnancy testosterone causes the ring fingers of the male fetus to grow longer than the index fingers in a sling fingers the. Ties notes that in general womens index fingers are longer than they ring fingers in many its just the opposite. Here you can see that in this image of a mans hand. Expander is clearly shorter than the ring fingers. Because. Testosterone clearly has an influence on bone growth even in the early stages of pregnancy it might also be responsible for the Early Development of the socalled power motive. So this is the as a scientist so im interested in finding out where that motive comes from i suspect that its origins can be found in biology. Here is conducting an experiment in which the participants write a fantasy narrative this may help them to determine whether they are motivated by power. Or the power motive is a common human characteristic that involves one persons efforts to have an impact on the behavior of others this motivation does not necessarily manifest itself in conscious attitudes or the beliefs that we have about ourselves our Research Indicates that the way we perceive ourselves actually has little to do with what makes us tick its up to and what influences our spontaneous behavior. In. This part of the experiment involves a series of 10 tests and finding out how the participants respond to victory or defeat. The test results can be manipulated one participant can win up to 8 of the 10 rounds. The researchers want to find out whether any changes take place in the test subjects hormone levels. Or want to be found at the power motive plays a role in the response to winning or losing. Those who won this had higher levels of testosterone than those who lost everything from. And if one of the participants is not motivated by power but wins it has no effect on the amount of testosterone in his system. A move. We cant say that winning or losing is exclusively responsible for changes in testosterone levels we have to take into account factors such as the individuals personality and motivation the fortunes for those factors are shaped by testosterone during Fetal Brain Development and. Human trickle in. But does it all come down to testosterone and its influence in determining for example male finger length and the development of the power motive. Women have only 10 percent of the testosterone levels found in men does that mean that they are less motivated by power. By play theres no evidence that indicates that there is a connection between the length of womens fingers and the power motive complex is not its a complex situation that will require a lot more research. Scientists have learned more in recent years about female sex hormones but the relationship between women and power has not been widely studied. The field has focused on male reproductive system and males for the past 100 years and has largely neglected looking at female sex hormones in the context of status and leadership and this is. This is a large gap in the literature of today. Weve come to the university of cambridge to talk to clinical psychologist simon baron cohen. Part of his research focuses on how gender affects Human Behavior in general and the brain in particular. Weve been looking at sex differences in the mind between males and females on average and one of the tests that we use is where you have to find a shape thats hidden in a design as quickly as you can and we find that on average man are faster at finding this target hidden in the overall design. Baron cohen and his colleagues conducted behavioral studies of children and adults. Since they started by testing hormone levels in numerous samples of amniotic fluid the liquid that helps protect the fetus in the womb. Weve measured the testosterone during pregnancy in the womb in the amniotic fluid so this is the baby in the womb and some women during pregnancy have a clinical procedure called amniocentesis where a needle goes into that fluent to take up some of the fluid and we can measure testosterone in the fluid and babys very in terms of how much of the hormone they are exposed to so boys show more and more testosterone than girls in the on the arctic floor and. In the early stages of Fetal Development the genitalia show no signs of gender distinction but after approximately the 7th week of gestation a gene on the y. Chromosome can activate a process that results in the development of testicles later testosterone plays a role in the development of masculine characteristics in several parts of the male fetus including the brain. While looking at these long term the facts of the hormones presumably mediated by changes in Brain Development. So were measuring the behavior but the assumption is that hormones have changed Brain Development in males and females because theyre exposed to different amounts of the hormone. After the babies and baron cohen study were born he measured and analyze their reaction to a series of images. What we found was that the higher the childs prenatal testosterone the less i contact the child makes at their 1st birthday so this was a surprise for us because you would think i contact is influenced by social factors but actually it seems to also be influenced by prenatal test auster and. The children were tested again at the age of 2 the results indicated that girls more actively sought i contact them boys did and had better verbal skills. They talked earlier and their language develops faster what we didnt know is why why do girls have this advantage in Language Development but now we could relate it back to the prenatal testosterone because we found that children who had higher prenatal testosterone had smaller vocabularies years later baron cohen conducted more tests on the children. They were shown images of various facial expressions and were asked to describe the emotion the images were tried. And again we found that the higher the childs prenatal testosterone the more difficulty they have on this test of empathy which is a surprise again for us because were finding as if even though its 8 years later since we measured the testosterone this dillema fact that were observing. To sum up girls did better on tests that involved verbal and social skills. Boys were better at developing analytical skills. The same hormone seems to be involved not only in social Development Like reading faces and language and eye contact but also enormous social skills like pattern recognition and taking things apart to see parts within the homes a bit like when the rubik cube where you have to see the pattern very quickly. The tests indicate that boys are better able to understand abstract concepts but have less empathy baron cohen has used the findings to support his theory of a possible link between testosterone and autism. We looked at their relationship between typical sex differences and autism because what is m is more common than boring. So we were trying to understand why why why why does being a boy lead you to a higher likelihood that youll develop autism and they arent so were getting is that one factor may be prenatal testing auster and. Research on this subject is still in the early stages and experts are still trying to find out what role prenatal tests tossed around plays in determining sexual differentiation in the brain. Thats going on is that make me think theres no evidence of predetermination in the brain were sort of pushed one way or the other by a hormonal effect from the early stages of Fetal Brain Development but very Much Development happens later thats after birth and infancy and beyond that when hormones act jointly with a number of extra law factors in the environment and above all in a child social environment its looking for and so on and here. Matter has been researching the influence of hormones and social environment have on behavior development. Researchers have including my lab have looked at both directions of the facts how hormones influence dominance and status related behaviors and how one social status and the environment in turn can impact hormone fluctuations in a few back we. Also studied how people. To see for themselves and how that perception influences their behavior. Do people consider themselves dominant or passive and what role does testosterone play and so what we found was that testosterone didnt have a direct effect on competitive decisionmaking but it really depended on whether they filled out the questionnaire suggesting that they were high or low in dominance so some of our work does suggest that hormones do impacts behavior such as competitive behavior but interestingly in inconsistent with the sort of myth about testosterone as direct a fact this depends on peoples personalities the way we see ourselves. So testosterone influences our personality and in turn our personality influences our level of testosterone. High levels of testosterone a said to make men virile and dominant and society either view such men with respect or contempt testosterone also fuels Competition Among men perhaps its no coincidence that this hormone was discovered during the late stages of the Industrial Revolution and. In the 850. 00 s. Shall edward brown succumbed was one of the 1st scientists to speculate on the existence of substances that we now know is homans he also regularly injected himself with the fluid extracted from animal testicles and claimed that this process improved his sexual prowess and physical well being. Testosterone has long been associated with masculinity strength and vitality. Today testosterone replacement therapy has become popular among older men. In some. Advertisements its tough as a miracle cure much as brown sekhar claimed more than a century ago pharmacies doctors and Drug Companies make a lot of money selling testosterone preparations cells have increased sharply since 2007. Tough to michels its men is regularly consulted by older men suffering symptoms of exhaustion many worry a testosterone deficiency may be the cause of concern for you. Sitzman tests the patient sperm count and bone density among other procedures. In most cases hes not able to attribute the symptoms to reduce levels of testosterone. Seen tell this graphic shows the testosterone levels of 10000 men ranging in age from 4 to 92 the in here there are boys of course have very low level signs and homes in need of a good to. Hear the levels increase during puberty then we see high levels of testosterone slide into old age. If we rule out disease there are several reasons why testosterone levels may fall. In other mice and for instance if the vast majority of cases of these patients produce less testosterone simply because theyre overweight. Obesity is a problem for many older men and younger men too for that matter. Overweight men usually have a lot of visceral fat and that fat releases a number of harmful substances. And it can lead to insulin resistance to my Blood Pressure and lower testosterone levels. One layer of body fat lies just beneath the skin a 2nd layer of visceral fat is stored in the abdominal cavity needs several vital organs. Excess visceral fat can cut testosterone production which can promote the storage of even more fat in the abdominal cavity this causes the spare tire thats common among middle aged men. Testosterone is often associated with doping scandals in competitive sports. Michel clairvaux with the german elim peak Sports Confederation is an expert on the use of performance enhancing substances including testosterone. And he had us testosterone plays a key role in regulating muscle mass and how the body responds to exercise size during a prolonged physical activity the muscles suffer a minor trauma so afterwards the body starts repairing the damage muscular tissue and increasing its strength and size. Of this im awesome. Until recently only professional athletes use performance enhancing drugs now amateur athletes a taking them as well. For use of testosterone derivatives called anabolic steroids or commercial Fitness Studios is a huge problem right now. And we believe that 13 to 16 percent of all clients have used doping proper asians mostly anabolic steroids and its a lot more widespread among amateur athletes than it is among the professionals. Healthy males produce for water milligrams of testosterone every day but for those who are trying to increase muscle mass and performance that amount is too little. Christiane for tried using testosterone supplements to county his home and deficiency. Discipline of sleeping and you can find testosterone boosters and capsules for their behavior just as i knew that they werent going to work but i tried them anyway well and it doesnt hurt for the companies that make these products play on your emotions something thats why i bought them and of course they didnt help at all. But only anabolic steroids synthetic versions of testosterone can produce the kinds of results. That the athletes want the use of steroids to enhance performance is widespread among body builders. Mind i know for sure. In my own research i came across the case of a 17 year old who was using these substances. Really comes as a storm it was scary it was injecting more than a 1000 milligrams of testosterone derivatives a week. He was also taking dianabol steroids tablets every day or. So and all of thats a lot more than a 1000 milligrams a week thats a dangerous amount for a 17 year old. Young man. Youve always been. The abuse of anabolic steroids can have a number of dangerous side effects including high Blood Pressure strokes heart attacks and liver damage. Excessive increases in testosterone can lead to reductions in spend production. Because the brain determines that the body has enough testosterone and cuts off the supply. Prone chalmette or has been studying with the substances besides testosterone can influence Human Behavior for example cortisol a hormone thats often released in response to stress and low concentrations of blood sugar there is some evidence that cortisol levels could impact the pathway between testosterone and behavioral outcomes specifically hormones dont influence behavior directly but theres a mechanism through which they are cursed specifically one mechanism is they bind to or sucked or for that specific or mark in the case of testosterone that would be the intrusion receptor. This binding process takes place throughout the body like a key fitting into a lock. Made to believe sit in stressful situations who should solve the testosterone receptive. Cortisol levels are high that could actually intact denies or and or impede the relationship between testosterone and behavior presumably through molecular pathways such as receptor reduction and so we theorized what we call the dual hormone hypothesis. This role playing exercise is designed to test the effect of courses on testosterone one participant gives a series of orders to the other if the player whos supposed to follow the orders feel stressed his behavior changes. We found that one levels of cortisol were low that in fact occurred that higher testosterone related dominance that one cortisol levels are high that in fact wasnt there higher testosterone was not related to more dominance so this is suggesting that testosterone is a fax dominant behavior in a position of leadership really depends on whats happening in the stress axis in the body. So is it possible that testosterone is just one of many substances that can influence Human Behavior. More research on this subject needs to be done at this point experts have come to a variety of different conclusions. Biology does not mean simplicity i think its recognizing appreciating the complexity that we are human beings were Dynamic Systems we developed and evolved to adapt to different environments and that form. Malones actually their beauty again is that they are responsive to the environment so your hormones are facts the way you behave but then the environment also affects your hormone release. In general testosterone represents 2 of the major societal things about time competition and success. The cliche is that men who have too little testosterone and loses men who have a lot of it are winners. I dont know whether i should be proud of how much testosterone i have or not. But its appends on what society thinks are desirable qualities and men. And that concept can change depending on the culture and the era. Testosterone is the stuff that men have made of the actual quantity is not so important that every man needs at least a minimum amount. You know her for and since i started testosterone replacement therapy i felt a lot better on the depression and lack of energy disappeared in 2 weeks and things just kept Getting Better for me im not confused and unhappy anymore. So theres no simple 1. 00 to 1. 00 link between testosterone and male aggression or quest for power latest findings indicate its social and cultural environment factors that determine testosterone so fix unmanly behavior. Climate change. Sustainability. Environmental projects. Give globalization the face biodiversity Species Conservation exploitation the quality. Human rights displacement polls show the global and current of local action movie. Global 3000. And 30 minutes on d w. 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