know what the region in the world could use is crucial as cheaply as the gold states. it's a wealth the problem from the ground for a long time to come. bottom demand could drop supply as a former saudi oil minister warned in 2002 the stone age didn't end because the world ran out of stones. the gulf states have started to react they're investing in sustainable construction. with. the tourism industry. promoting education for young people. and they're finally starting to use their abundant solar energy. and. saudi arabia owes its wealth to oil but that doesn't mean everyone in the country is rich the biggest country in the gulf lacks jobs and education. religious doctrine still governs much of everyday life. during prayer as business comes to a standstill. but the royal house is making changes saudi vision 2030 is a plan to keep living standards stable even if oil prices sink or demand falls but saudi arabia's own energy consumption is extremely high. and instead of using the sun they fight against it in saudi arabia in the summer months 70 percent of their electricity is spent for cooling. the young generation will need even more energy more than half of the population is under $25.00. youth unemployment is high. there's a lack of private employers and training especially for women. some $33000000.00 people live in the kingdom of saudi arabia $20000000.00 a saudi citizen and national revenue is around $180000000000.00 u.s. dollars. 87 percent of that comes from oil. this international team is researching the future of solar energy they're developing solar energy collectors in every imaginable forum tiny power plants. de oberon heads the team she's turkish holds a ph d. from germany and is a researcher here in saudi arabia. the team's truly sensational invention doesn't look like much at 1st glance. i have shown you are actually a break to a technology that can make any window into our solar panel so what we're seeing here is we're able to generate electricity from windows with some special coatings on top off but it's still visible to your eyes like any other window. so our technology actually offers a great platform where you can make any building a power generation yourself. the solar window is one of many painted technologies from couched the king abdullah university of science and technology it was founded by a former saudi king as a private university independent from the ministry of education the campus has its own rules and women aren't required to wear the abaya it's perhaps a taste of what some young saudis would like to see for the future of their country . the solar power research center has adapted its architecture to the extremely hot climate there is shaded skylights and a pedestrian area to provide natural ventilation and cooling the design since the message that the future is about to change. thank you professor in mcculloch is the center's director. he worked at the renowned imperial college london until 2014 a few of his students joined him when he moved here the count's team says the facilities here a unique part of the university is largely financed by a foundation which gives the researchers more financial security. and freedom for female research and women are welcomed as colleagues here. industry is my passion. i love industries that lets because 1st time and i was 16 years old when i 1st studies studied about chemistry only that i just liked it so much and i fell in love with it so in that time i decided to discover more and more about chemistry and go deep in there. we're trying to create materials that absorb the light from the sun or from and was absorbed in primarily from the sun and then we can use that to start a chemical reaction and then the chemical reaction we create i did here in this case from water just cold water splitting so creating hydrogen. energy source so this could be a potential replacement for a bottle of oil could be a big sold out of hydrogen. or yield to hydrogen would be a radical switch perhaps the next generation will make it a reality. the hope of course is that they will be able to play a prominent role in some of the larger more influential so the companies of the future so i think that we are educated to some extent of the safety. student population coasters a model that hopefully in the future is going to be replicated throughout syria. koski also has daycare facilities which helps contribute to the research environment in a country that is seeking to lessen its dependence on oil. a mother who works full time is still an exception in saudi arabia. the. record record mina me and i both have our daily tasks. the things we do for each other the household and family. it's worked out well so far thank god. there are difficulties and challenges. just because if she had but she had did her bachelor's when we were already married and got excellent results we're here with the always on our dream is even bigger well she wants to achieve more and of course i have to help her we're going to. the 3 of them live on campus even the y l works in mecca a 2 hour journey away he commutes so that his wife can continue researching the technology that could help secure the country's future. but there's a big obstacle to overcome in replacing oil with solar power and that's dust. in the desert state of saudi arabia there are more than 3000 sunlight hours a year and almost no rain dust coats the equipment and reduces efficiency. so that state we can lose to. only 30 percent of the output so we need to be removing it and ideally move it every day because then you don't get that layering effect of the dust right now it's super layered on i mean this is this is quite a stiff bristle brush. it starts to come off. a stray an inventor george eitel who has set up his company no matter based on the idea of brushing the dust off instead of rinsing it saudi engineer out a sari is a member of the chain. he's also be getting frustrated about the effect of dust on solid modules. surprisingly i never knew the reason one person in the field actually take tackling the same issue that was seen in the actual customer arrays and say ok this is a problem that needs to be solving no one is doing a great job in seoul and i would like to join your team and become one of the main problems or one of the biggest challenges that face this whole industry. there solution is an electric brush with very fine bristles it constantly sweeps the dust away so it can't stick. to. the. council provided a fellowship that brought computer engineer jamiel shaw well back from the us. i do not imagine myself staying in saudi long term and. 9 idea changed more recently coming to coast seeing how things are changing in a direction that i appreciate and that i like. this is a full one here because all of the bush. in the past we have seen problems to be. as something to be either avoided or ignored rather than opportunities to be embraced and this is a cultural mindset not just in the middle east but worldwide if we're honest but what we're seeing now is is a reevaluation of the problems that exist like that and a new way to address them. are mad and jamila trying to reconcile innovation with the country's traditions. making it has a lot of young people and has a lot of people that want to see the kingdom change and that doesn't mean their tradition is just gone that it means that things can exist at the same time. foreign investment would also help saudi make the break from oil. but the 2018 investors conference in the capital riyadh attracted far fewer western guests than it did the year before. saudi arabia's relationship with europe and the u.s. has been strained since the brutal murder of a saudi journalist business activity is deeply affected by political events especially in this part of the world. saudi arabia is going out of its way to bring in investment. to king abdul industrial valley promises foreign investors low rents though energy costs and hardly any tax still the response has been muted thus far. there are plans to build an ultra modern city next to the industrial area for up to 2000000 residents. there's even a golf course already. in. huge industrial port is under construction and another city several times bigger than this one is being planned for the north of the country to entice investors. slowly but surely the country is starting to realize that oil alone won't keep it going forever. saudi arabia's regional rival is its neighbor qatar a much smaller country with a similarly powerful economy to its huge natural gas reserves. in several middle eastern countries diplomatic ties with qatar in september 2017 following allegations of financing terrorism. qatar is reacted with patriotism and assurance that they would manage just fine without their powerful neighbors migrant workers keep the could tare economy going. the amir's vision for the future is to have more private enterprise that doesn't depend on gas. and to foster about a highly educated population. 2.6000000 people live in the emirate of qatar. 240000 citizens. the national revenue is around $45000000000.00 u.s. dollars 76 percent of that comes from natural gas. i thought was blessed with natural resources as well as its very centric position in the middle east and in the middle of the world if you wish so not only in the foreign policy but when it comes to the for example the scene of education and tears created the education city which is serving as an educational heart for the entire region. has brought international universities and think tanks into the country including the brookings institution from the u.s. . carter has identified like the knowledge economy and education sector as arky components of it so persecution little cottage early there has been a very good space to have intelligent independent dialogue and researchers and these organizations are allowed the space to be able to do the work that he to do. the brookings institution has voiced some criticism of the country's economic policy. a large share of the national population is involved in government work they have government positions there are plenty of government they have these the really high salaries short working hours job security these are all very good things well when a country starts talk with the need to diversify it's usually far into their 1st because for the private sector so i think in general you. need to encourage. involves risk takers. the main driving force in the private sector is construction new buildings going up everywhere. construction is also taking place underground the capital doha now has a metro system that will have 4 lines once complete. the 10s of thousands of people who work on these mega projects mainly come from abroad working conditions have improved following international criticism most of the migrants arrive with no training and learn on the job. these kinds of contracts and not attractive to skilled workers. tyreese are more likely to do administrative jobs and they still prefer to work for state owned companies rethinking old ways will take time in cata says a spokesman for the metro association. and then we'll see that up under the dome of the well it's a very new kind of transport system for qatar. so it'll take a while for people to realize that it's safe and environmentally friendly. to afford it and we worked with her for america will save time money and of course energy. saving energy and reducing the country's dependence on natural gas is at the forefront of the new sustainable city center of doha. this is the district of michigan or it named after the springs and wells that sustained the ancient desert cities. and that's good for the. you can close the roof so the whole square is in the shade during the day. we've created a new architectural language. so that the structure of the stones on the facades prevents the sun from shining directly into the buildings but a little bit before the shots of. the architects were inspired by the past when no houses in cata had energy guzzling air conditioning them a share of district uses wind to cool the area naturally you can see how it works in the old buildings that still exist here. that's never been this building has been built in such a way that the wind from the north blows in and cools the entire building. the ground has many advantages to oil it doesn't absorb heat so the building stays cool and also the dust sticks to it. so when the wind blows through the building it doesn't stir any of it up was that it got one shot all residential and office buildings in this district will use up to 30 percent less energy at least that's what the government is aspiring to. in just a few decades the capital doha has transformed from a fishing village into a lively metropolis. of the tiny emirate of qatar is now well known all over the western world and it's almost defiant in its pride to be an independent nation. qatar has taken on an important role in world politics and wants to retain it. the foreign ministry is also involved in cutters vision 2030 that will hopefully create a future independent of natural gas. people sometimes think that the 2030 vision of because of you know the fact that other countries are launching there is only recently that the father has joined the club as a matter of fact others had its vision in 2008 launched and that at that time we didn't have the world cup. we didn't win it but then as soon as that happened that was integrated into the overall vision. sporting events could also provide an alternative source of income. for the khalifa stadium. when host international events in the summer because of its gigantic air conditioning system it's the only one in the world in an open stadium. katter's world cup commission is responsible not only for planning the event but also for what comes after how can the economy build on the expertise that's been brought into the country. all of the sporting or international events that has in the larger fantasy and international expertise to come and delivering the event. i mean they will be going to the next event to show the knowledge that is here within about that and within the region we have this just goes to center to ensure i mean to deliver education and training to the sporting industry. sustainability is also part of the sporting industry at least that's the message the world cup commission wants to convey for example with the 1st fifa stadium to be recycled after the world cup. the holy spirit as will be. this month after that on the month of the world be broken down into different use of sword side that can be a bit of video material can be rebuilt elsewhere with a similar sort of addition on everybody down it is more like there's still a view. the building is made from shipping containers and steel girders after the world cup cutter could theoretically sell the stadium to the u.s. from mexico so it can be rebuilt there for 2026 as long as the politicians play ball. the money doesn't just look different than its neighbors and their towering skylines. the sultanate is having an easier time for. ending alternatives to oil and natural gas for one because its reserves are smaller than those of its neighbors and a man's economy was flourishing even before the discovery of oil. life here is still shaped by fishing crafts and trade and women also have a big role in society. a man has diplomatic relations with all the gulf states including qatar. its ancient citadels and fortified buildings and now just part of the country's history the country practices a more moderate form of conservative islam. some $4600000.00 people live in the sultanate of a man of $2500000.00 a citizens national revenue is around $22000000000.00 u.s. dollars 73 percent of that comes from oil and gas. much as the historic district of a man's capture muscat and one of the city's major tourist attractions more than $3000000.00 visitors come to amman every year mainly from germany and france. to resume is the biggest industry up to oil and gas and it grows every year by 6 percent. the government's next aim is to build a port for large cruise ships right in the front of the old town. but what mass to resume ruin the historic area. geographer manuel a good bill it is hoping to answer this question with a research. she's lived in musket for 14 years oman has a lot to offer and a lot to lose that much is clear from a visit to the beit around a museum. here. i think the days ahead all. this is the last that. the black robes arrived in the country with the rise of oil and the influence of saudi arabia that also brought a more conservative way of life. now. the man well hopes to find a form of gentle tourism that's compatible with local tradition. nowhere close that of country you've got a village in the interior you need to really observe the way you dress the way you talk to people you know it's not and how you need to really look around you the environment you're in and conform to to the country itself that's where the toys will enjoy and we as the villagers would welcome them to come to the country open arms talk to them. in since has been bought and sold in the match a bazaar for centuries. but what will happen to the little shops with the growing cords of tourists manuela asked some of the shop owners. to resume has changed what sold here there are a few every day goods and more souvenirs. many omanis are now giving up their shops and leasing them to migrants. but. once one that wasn't quite there around 200. doesn't cruise ship tourists came here last year it doesn't sound like much but when you consider that the population of matter is only around 200000 and that really is a lot it gets overcrowded very easily as housemaids that often or. many a moving away from the truck because they feel like strangers even on the streets they grew up on the chicken the one. of him reassured me everything used to be colorful around here that's barbershop in the bubble lots of things still are but lots aren't as much as you have to set up and these are caves with no substance we are modern was used to shape this place or other than the gun. but some of the old shops are holding out their products might seem out of place but this is exactly what their money customers are looking for. some people come from villages far away the owner explains his father moved here 929 from india. who started this film i thought it was a little bit. and all of my people would say yes it is and it was just like you want to sit on them and then when you go you know in the day today. when asked about the future of his shop he had just one answer everything should stay exactly as it is and was. traveling through a man can be like a journey through time in. japan after is a mountain range in the north of the country. it. is a tiny village of supra has been clinging to this a scotland for 400 years. each. if you can do. it abdullah shrieky was born here just like his brothers and cousins now they're turning the homes of their ancestors into guest houses for tourists. and my grandfather used to live in this room and that's often you know. obviously we prefer to varnish the wood with all of oil because it's a natural oil. well it preserves the beauty of the door and protects it. for families used to live around their grandfather's room just a few years ago life happened outside the rooms which is for sleeping and cooking on the open fire. a road now leads to the other side of the valley and the villages have moved into modern houses. well i have an idea get a life in the new village is much more convenient than in the old and right next to the road. so with a car everything you need is nearby. we had electricity and t.v. which is nice of course. the gist of the instance was. so. i don't have also thought i had to tickle we have created something really special here with this simple set up our guest house is different from other hotels and tourists can experience what the place used to be like. and this is the kind of gentle tourism that could help replace oil and gas revenues. fishing has always been an important part of a man's economy. 'd as. a mark also nonny grew up in a fishing family in korea yet but nowadays the journey out to sea is really worth it. though there have been all around father's toters they used to fish right here on the beach but if we have to go further and further out. without us just by that it's like. one solution is aquaculture. the armani ministry of fisheries has set up its own research and development center for the industry. amar has been working for the private aquaculture company blue waters. for over a year now. about 80 percent of the employees are a manny. and like many citizens in neighboring countries they don't shy away from jobs outside the air conditioned office blocks. back here to the private sector is considered a risky alternative to secure government jobs. now there was an english about and i'd advise all young people to look for jobs outside the government. if you don't get a job there try applying to private companies. to get help out class. blue waters lowered its 1st aquaculture cages into the sea in 2017. just a year later they produce $350.00 tons of fish. being at sea nation for example in oman people are traveling all over the place in that region in africa and in the continent subcontinent and therefore this is part of their activities in the past but with the oil to iraq that we are living in this has not been whether this you are well managed so people are lists willing to take risks we have but the chances on trying to set our our approach to. our young people people in place for being more into the northeast smaller innovative. rocks could also provide an alternative to oil and gas a man who's been trading minerals since ancient times. their names drawn from. actually it was dog you are. the one to which is necessary for their making off their women as you see it is very white the purity is really. suitable for making this image. a man is one of the few nations on the arabian peninsula with the rocky terrain 2 percent of its g.d.p. comes from mineral exports spurred by the binning construction industry in neighboring countries. in most of the gulf states it's the next biggest industry after or oil and gas there's money to be made from cement. the minerals are playing a rule here in measure all in all one however the challenges the major challenges on the. environment should be there is a strategy and a plan for it that not everything we will take it we should keep something for the future research and development should be also contain was and to their mining. the project manager has created a lab in the factory alongside his job he's also doing a doctorate at the university of leeds in samit of course. this is similar. with using with from oil and gas. and we are trying to. explore the possibility of recycling those materials. as a raw material for some of the manufacturing. the 1st attempts we're successful. yesterday's industrial waste is becoming the raw material of tomorrow. kilo out to me is concerned with sustainability and part of that is giving a bigger role to women for example as engineers. increasing numbers of a money women are now studying mostly natural sciences. like at the german university in moscow at the only german university on the entire arabian peninsula most of the students here are women. one reason is that men tend to go abroad to study while women stay at home. because of the boom women are also studying subjects here that a male dominated in europe. like applied geosciences. and professor wilfred bauer from uk and germany teaches the subject. he says that studying he also encourages women to aspire to a korea like. most of my family members are and the petroleum industry so big a scientist i can't i can't be in the petroleum i actually did a training in petroleum companies but i also have like the new industry of minerals this is a new i think in our mind the tourism. hydrology so we have lots of sectors we can participate in. geosciences are opening up new economic sectors for the future and they also reach deep into a man's history. in the largest off your light in the world who's in oman it's the former ocean floor that formed here on the arabian tectonic plate a little more than 19000000 years ago for those of us guns are something very special every year hundreds if not thousands of geologists come here to study the structure of the ocean floor here the warden of this. what would normally lie several kilometers below sea level is part of a man's landscape. is on her way to this ancient seabed the cliffs here a made up of its layers which are easily accessible to researchers. to geologists works full time is vice president of the oman geological society and is a mother. she documents and measures the geological history of her country. 800000000 years worth of it. that's the upper most part of the off elaine it's called pillar. bustles. and that's mainly the form of the sea floor when the magma actually has the cool water it's so silly to find that he will bellows. anyone who knows what they're looking for can recognize pillow lava immediately the lower section of the outfield is called the mantle rock molten mantle that solidified several kilometers below the cold sea floor. they're quite unique in terms of they aren't attracting the public. attention because there's recently the studies fury that saves a few that drugs actually can capture the carbon dioxide from the air and then and transform it into different minerals so that's reducing the carbon dioxide percentage from the atmosphere. if these rocks could store the climate killer c o 2 in oman one of the biggest oil producers could actually help mitigate the impact of fossil fuel production. but this research requires the support of the sultan and. this is one of the most delicate issues when it comes to the future of the gulf without political change the economy one change either. we normally concentrate on the economic aspects or diversification we have to consider the comic parts of the politics as well as a social so that could make the impact but so far it has been only one side of the way that the regime has been governed for a long period of time where the head of state small really have full power and space if you can to share that power with the rest and therefore this has been a major constraint. so we need to learn how to undo that practice in the past and try to do it something differently where we can be more excluding more inclusive. more fair to the public many of these days versification in the should haves are. the diddling well they're being successful they're growing. but what happens if suddenly oil and gas for the stop are they able to continue on their own and in most cases the answer is no so that the trick there is to move from the actual diversification that's taking place into their perspicacious that's sustainable in the post oil the gas or. and that's harder to do. i have to the younger generation will make these change happen if they want to maintain their standard of living economy and politics will have to change. these new generation hungry they realize that the old structures and systems moving forward into a new opportunity and they are excited to be a part of that sort of. change is also more achievable if men and women can contribute equally to the process. i really believe women they have lots of capabilities they can do. good they can actually push their difficulty in the country and over we the children of the country don't help a man to grow then who will now lower the commission we have to work for us no matter what it takes about them to get to the top you have to start at the bottom and. those are. what's needed is a generation that's brave enough to experiment and not afraid to fail. we are the future of somebody. we are. we are the one who are going to change the future of saudi arabia. but these optimists convinced there is a future for them in the gulf beyond crude oil. robotics. learning marched realises wait a 2nd we want the whole picture out factors that will make ideas shift deliver us. from other realities of cryptocurrency to your topics for live in an ever changing digital world let's talk to digitize a certain shift. from 30 minutes on. what secrets why behind those walls. discover new adventures in 360 degree. and explore fascinating world heritage sites. d w world heritage 316 get naps now. folks the temple of technology. the return of the market. the momentum of the morning were. made in germany your business magazine on t w. this is news coming to you live from the coronavirus crash is china's stock market on the 1st day back after the extended lunar new year trying to confirms almost 3000 new cases of the disease and opens a huge new hospital built in days. break another hospital is nearing completion the death toll jumps to 300.