They disappear thatll be that of those even. Always Global Warming changing the face of an arctic and the lives of its inhabitants. In the davis far flung parts of the world is being affected by Climate Change. Scientists here are searching for solutions to one of the greatest environmental threats of our time. To do that they are prepared to forgo Natural Light for months on end. S. M. I. Seeing the sun again was amazing everyone went out to take a lot of. For this report we traveled to germany southern most Scientific Research facility. Were taking a direct flight from cape town south africa to antarctica. Theres just time for a quick farewell photo that we board a russian built transport aircraft. Along with scientists and technicians from 10 different countries. Technician halakhah shubert is heading for the new Maya Research station. The hardly a new comer hes looking forward to the visit. Once you discover what you can see the normal station when we fly over the gray and the icebergs its all fantastic. Ive been doing this for 19 years now so its a bit like coming home because you know its not. All go and the rest of the passengers change into the cold weather gear. The planes russian crew took off from an asphalt runway now theyre getting ready to land on a sheet of ice. A religious icon just to be on the safe side. The landing is perfect. And the other german experts had originally planned to travel straight on to the new maya station about 700 kilometers away but theyll have to wait. On though the equipment check everything here and then stay here for a few days. You cant go now you know the weather at normile is really bad and we cant get there. Its not exactly clear how long theyll be stuck here. Lenny bussy langkow is driving the new arrivals to a Russian Research station called noble outside. Its also known as the oasis the station opened in 1961. Relics from the early days of antarctica research. The russian station is located on one of the few parts of antarctica not completely covered with ice. Inside its pretty cozy you can also watch russian. State t. V. Lets say. The station staff are happy to welcome stranded guests. You can listen to. Their new fossil langkow has spent most of his adult life working in the arctic and antarctic. Back in the 1980 s. My had to spend the winter at the north pole. My wife was pregnant at the time my daughter was born while i was away i held her in my arms for the 1st time when she was 8 months old. The antarctic contains about 90 percent of the earths supply of fresh water much of it in the form of glaciers. Antarctica also has the worlds coldest climate. One of the russians take some of the german visitors to visit a beautiful ice cave. The only way to get inside is to crawl on all fours. The ice here is thousands of years old this part of the white cotton it appears blue. Temperatures can on rare occasions even drop to minus 50 here on the coast of antarctica. The cold doesnt bother these Adelie Penguins which are common along the entire antarctic coast. Theyre not used to. Seeing strangers when they come over to investigate. These and send all your dailies in particular are very curious theyll come right up to you and theyre lots of fun to have around its worth a look. Now 3 days later were finally on our way to the neumeyer station located on the x. Term ice shelf instinct arctica. And then all of a sudden there it is the German Research they should. The staff who spent the winter here give the new arrivals a warm welcome. The equipment has to be unloaded quickly the pilots want to take off while the weather is still good. From the station has been cut off from the outside world for 8 months old all the facility looks like a space ship on stilts. For many of the staff this is the 1st time on the continent including dr begich tecla where. Momentum is when you 1st arrive youll sort of overwhelmed by the fact that youre in antarctica but this place has been made is german is this possible for better or for worse or not. You can help yourself to typical german candy for instance. And in the well stocked pantry you can find Food Products that are available in any german supermarket. Dr be a good checker bag is used to carrying out complex operations but up to now shes only had to carry out routine checks. Gallia we dont have any insects here or any flu viruses we just have contact with the same people. Contact but in some cases when these people return home and encounter. Normal circumstances theyll find that their stay here has affected their immune system to lets you and them to canton haute. To get worked as a surgeon at a hospital and one off for more than 20 years but was intrigued by a newspaper ad about a job offer at the new minor station. She took the position after her 4 grown children gave their approval. I also myself whether i wanted to spend the rest of my career until my retirement doing the same morning rounds at the hospital. Or perhaps it was time for something new i still want to know where i got. The outdoor working conditions are extreme. Every day scientists. And most of our set off to do their research on penguins. Although we always take along emergency supplies including a tent. The ice here extends 200 meters beneath the surface. A few kilometers away we see the 1st ice floes large expanses of white that float on the sea surface theres nothing here but ice. And emperor penguins. These birds thrive in this harsh habitat. And osama are studying this penguin colony on behalf of the german governments environment agency. The birds breed in the extreme cold of their tactic winter the scientists are monitoring the chicks paid. Millions. Thankful that at this point theyve grown quite a bit. And the parents often leave them alone well they go to look for food one story. From north of the us now the chicks are slowly starting to form groups amongst themselves and that will give them some protections theres a. Lot are going to launch a drone to help them count how many penguins are in the colony. Because the camera takes photographs at specific intervals ideally those pictures should have quite a bit of overlap so that afterwards we can take the photos and piece them together. Estimates put the population of this colony at about 26000. The penguins migrate to the frozen sea ice every year to breed and raise their young. But some experts say that Climate Change could threaten the birds existence. Explains why. Do you think its for this particular colonies theres a real risk that the structure of the sea ice that they bring it on will change you know if the temperature rises and the ice recedes or breaks up earlier than expected the penguins breeding season will be cut short or maybe theyll have no place to breed at all. And that could threaten the future of the entire colony here. Its important to us that people in germany for example find out what is happening here and realize we need to protect these birds. Something has to be done now not in 30 years. Penguins have hardly any. Natural enemies in the antarctic. During the summer months emperor penguins forage the icy waters for food. After breeding the male incubates the female single egg during some of the harshest winter weeks. The researchers often find the carcasses of penguin chicks that have died in the extreme cold. Alexandre of intel and ben one of alice take the birds body back to their lab to try to determine the cause and time of death. If indeed it isnt the use of by that i mean they probably died 2 or 3 months ago does she but you can tell by their size. These entire bodies are frozen so theyve been well preserved this is of a god hes a lot of the chicks die young in these extreme conditions cells in short its really tough here. So no hard to be moving here we found a lot of dead chicks that what the same size we suspect that they died at the same time maybe in a storm. But despite the deaths of many chicks the colonies population has remained fairly stable for years. Alexander and ben wa are looking for some penguins that they tagged years ago either with g. P. S. Devices or rings on their feet. That data will help researchers find out how far the birds traveled to find food. Youre. Going to but today the researchers only come across more dead chicks. Most of the summer total. This one probably died recently. Good maybe just a few weeks ago. Will measure the carcass theyd be climbing. It was a wing length no wait to determine their age the time of death the summation said who did he just. A few other penguin colonies are studied as extensively as this one. Thermal imaging cameras and High Resolution lenses record the birds movements especially during the winter months when they huddle together. As cool it seems from. The a movie each bird has to use as Little Energy as possible during the winter breeding season to speaking thats why they try to optimize their position in the colony. And whats fascinating is that the creatures manage without any hierarchy anyone telling them what to do to rotate their position in the group going to very orderly and collective way of being. The researchers are concerned about the impact of Global Warming on the Antarctic Sea ice because it could permanently damage the fragile ecological balance in the region. Well beate us if we meet the 1. 502 degree target agreed in the Paris Convention so we can save these pads if not theyll be extinct by 2100 at the latest for all. The noise by a station requires year round maintenance. The snow is being moved to the facilities underground garage and storage area to help shore up the bases of the 16 hydraulic columns on which the structure stands. Every year the technical crew raises the columns by about 100. 00 centimeters to keep the structure above the surface of the snow and ice. Is marked here do you think i like the way that science and Technology Interact i science Needs Technology but without science there would be no technology to take anything. Every year to get to the snow grooming machines ready for the summer season. Time is of the essence there are hundreds of kilometers of snow roads that need to be leveled but 1st the machines need to know and its minus 15 degrees out here today. Because if guns when its really cold its better to work in pairs so you can keep an eye on each others faces and look out for any signs of frostbite i meet my daughter from fairbanks and. The researchers have adapted well to the extreme conditions. Electrical engineer told mashad has to keep everything up and running. One of his most important tasks is to collect fresh snow and convert it into drinking water. The oysters for your Actual Company the snow that we brought in is melting now i want to temperature is about 6 to greece. If we are. Eddie in 2 hours also thank you. Tomas knows the station inside and out. During the long winter months the Skeleton Crew has to be selfreliant among thomas duties the maintenance of the sewage and waste Water Treatment equipment. Is declared to be used purified waste water in the flush toilets. The water so clean that you could drink it at least in theory of trying to valverde. This is the stations heating system which keeps the facility at Room Temperature even during the coldest days. And. The system is powered by 3 diesel generators the power plant also makes use of any waste heat thats generated outside a wind turbine brings in even more electricity. But up to now renewables only account for a quarter of the stations energy needs. As is all in from the our. Both were working on introducing more wind energy and harnessing other sustainable resources. In building but its very difficult in these conditions. So with these extreme temperatures and storms. The wind turbine often ices up. Marcus is an atmospheric chemist. He has to walk a kilometer and a half every day to reach a site where he takes no samples. But hes going to pound this plastic tube into the snow. Afterwards the sample will be carefully packed and shipped to germany for analysis. These tests are aimed at determining how new snow turns into glacial ice over time. Marco says its pretty solitary work. And is also. You spend a lot of time by yourself out here in the middle of nowhere. And the weather conditions are extreme. D. V. D. To the temperature can drop to minus 40 and theres the wind chill in fact its been dubbed by. Marcos works in his own building which houses the air chemistry observatory. He monitors the presence of Greenhouse Gases in the in toxic atmosphere. Thats and we have big pumps that feed into 4 different filtration systems. As. Marcos records the increase in sort of particles for example during large fires in the amazon rain forest. But his main focus is on Carbon Dioxide and other compounds that can damage the earths atmosphere. Thats so you will measure the c o 2 and then capture the molecules in a sodium hydroxide solution. This milky liquid here thats these images give you this is far. By analyzing the individual atoms marquess can determine where the Carbon Dioxide comes from. Overall he seen a significant rise in c o 2 levels known to be a major contributor to Global Warming just this short. Steep increase doesnt just represent a serious problem for the areas where these gases are produced the industrial regions of the northern hemisphere. Is to be. Those materials have now spread around the world and weve even found them here in antarctica. And after this and this. For years scientists like mark course have been calling attention to the increase in Greenhouse Gases but politicians have failed to take action. This is a shaken these and its a scary situation because weve had this increase and we actually know what impact it will have it wasnt good just not despite our best efforts no one is willing to stand up and do something to try and stop it and so on a few envious issues scientists thats not any scary its really depressing if you take your measurements collect your data and your point your findings and those facts just ignored its bit unfair dignity of. This frustration is why marcos organized what is almost certainly the world southern most Climate Change protest. Pinas colleagues here at noyes by a station wanted to show their support for young people around the world who are also taking part in demonstrations i think im asking them to. Do it as abusing kids may be at the far end of the planet but even this far flung part of the world is being affected by Climate Change. Photographed with symbolic power. Meteorologist michio kaku is responsible for determining what impact Global Warming might already be having on the antarctic atmosphere. For his research he collects data that include wind speed solar radiation and the Reflective Properties of the ice crust. German scientists have been taking such measurements in the antarctic since the early 1980 s. These reports are sent to the uns Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Then geo. Speaking and when we talk about climate and we have to look at data over a period of at least 30 years. One years worth of information simply isnt enough. I can just. Hear michelle is getting ready to launch a weather balloon it goes up every morning at 11 oclock and measures air temperature and the density of the ozone layer to an altitude of up to 30 kilometers. Michelle says that so far his data show no evidence of Global Warming at this specific spot. Starts on. Messing me up somebody should be at the station we havent recorded any changes in temperature fifita vitae many other research stations in antarctica havent either. But there has been a sizable increase in temperature in the antarctic peninsula. The antarctic peninsula is the northernmost part of the continent research that there has shown this rise in temperatures has led to accelerate a glacial melting. If its coupled with ocean warming this could have a serious impact on the sea ice where penguins live and breathe. Ocean warming could also further accelerate the melting of the glaciers. This would contribute to rising global sea levels. The scientists at the new maya station are making a substantial contribution to the complex Research Required in these fields. But theyre also studying how to grow vegetables and other produce in this harsh environment. This is the eden i assess project a high tech greenhouse that may 1 day provide astronauts with the technology theyll need to cultivate plants during extended space missions. And when you have an after youve been here for a few weeks in the darkness and youve only seen white its a wonderful experience coming in here with the smell it makes you think of being on vacation in italy when you open the window its great. Tomatoes peppers and cucumber scroll without soil. The plants exposed roots are sprayed with a nutrient solution. This is. This is a real luxury for us indeed since june weve been able to serve fresh less this every evening. So we added tomatoes and cucumbers people love us. On a few floors of the. Chef catalina known doff says that this is probably the worlds southern most vegetable garden. After the 1st tavis we celebrated. We used to have less is flown in from cape town but we hadnt had any for at least a month so this was a real event. People is saying finally something green. Here is even preparing a dish with fresh pesto made with basal leaves from the greenhouse. The other ingredients come from the freezer. And. The researchers here are laying the groundwork for the development of plant Cultivation Technology that may be used in the future on board the International Space station. Qatari now enjoys her work at no maya but she does get homesick sometimes. My oldest nephew got married recently but i had to stay here. I wish i could have been there i really wanted to go so you do miss your loved ones once a month i miss the. Sport is one distraction. Regular workouts at the research stations gym help keep the staff in good physical and mental shape. Geophysicist it corba tries to get everyone involved. In this kind of mission and you. I got to sit around for a whole year and do nothing. So we all ended up coming down here she was a good be able to tell me if im mad at 1st it was really hard and we all cursed ate it but now we love her even give me one that i did not addition to the usual a. Staff at the new maia station can also look forward to a drink at the end of the day. But they have to accept theyll have the same drinking buddies for months on end. The mundo if you prefer to avoid people you dont belong here. Feeling plots is a sin be given a small group. We all depend on each other. We have to help each other. They have form and we really need to have a strong team spirit. Team to some note if carked. And so ends another day at the new maya station a unique Research Facility located in one of the coldest and most remote places on earth. Carefully. Choose to be a good. Discovery. Subscribe. To. This news coming to you live from dozens of dinahs time feeds and if you will save money for the assassinated. The stampede happening is huge crowds of mourners gathered for the funeral procession. For the very latest also in the Program Uncertainty of the future of the