In the late 19th seventys the world was in turmoil never before had so many people taken to the streets millions of demonstrators demanded more democracy grace of freedom higher wages and world peace. Time to cross the globe women are calling for equal rights. To all these hopes seem to take a back seat revolt shekel to the ongoing confrontation between the United States and the soviet union. Then appeared to be little alternative to the 2 political blocs the cold war had the world friendly in its grip. List was still feeling the after effects of the oil crisis of the ne 970. 00 s. Economic growth had slowed and unemployment was steadily rising the post will do comes when it. Caught our eye how do you show pings trip to the United States clearly marked the beginning of the chinese a balance with the west the rift between the 2 communist powers of china and the soviet union was now definite. The extensive deployments of somebody a troops in on chinas board is no longer a source of concern for done shopping his focus was no to help his country become the new workshop of the world. With you. Mr president we all have the same feeling that we are carrying out a Historical Mission he shot sino American Relations are at a new starting point so the state of the world is also experiencing a new turning point. Both china and the United States are great nations chinese and the americans are great people so weve got it weve got. Friendly cooperation between our 2 peoples undoubtedly have a positive and far reaching influence on the development of world events. Thanks this it was very carefully orchestrated from a substantive point of view and thats really what i was involved in writing briefing papers talking points but you know the trip itself. Was mainly symbolic and i talked i think didnt need to go to the white house to discuss with president carter we could have found another way to do that the main emphasis was on the pageantry vice premier done shopping and president carter will sign to agreements one on science and technology and one on cultural relations. Done shopping was blunt he was earthy. He spat a lot into. A bowl on his side. He smoked. He cursed. He had a way of saying very simply what needed to be said in a way that was the struck home he was famous for is saying he didnt care whether a cat was black or white as long as it could catch rats this was his attitude whatever works so he was. A moderniser of jhana. But an eclectic moderniser he would borrow from anywhere whatever worked was enough for him. But the objective was always to restore chinese wealth power prestige and dignity when he was in washington he was talking about global issues about us china relations about the issues that needed to be smoothed out in order to make normalization happen as he wandered around the country is he went to my aunt and then houston in seattle he was meeting with other kinds of people other categories of people he was talking about trade he was talking money desperate so he was pushing those kinds of issues and then when he was with the American People he was trying to convince them that its or make them understand that all communists are not in the us thanks. Thanks. So our Television Coverage i was delighted. It helped we were negotiating with the u. S. Congress. Dont shopping putting on a 10 gallon hat at a rodeo made him seem like an ordinary guy the American Public already had 60 years of at least some knowledge. Getting to see on Television Read in newspapers read in Time Magazine and by the way i think don shopping was on the cover of time at least twice which is highly unusual for anyone to be on the cover more than once let alone a communist leader. It wasnt just when he was here that americans were so easily able to say oh yes these are wonderful warm fun people just like us but the Chinese Press was of course controlled by dr paying and it was extolling the virtues of the normalization arrangement with us which was not uncontroversial in china made by the communist Party Propaganda had always portrayed the americans as our enemy and now dont shopping had become a friend of the u. S. So they would help. Maybe that person or status both within the party the Chinese People was elevated as a result. Done shopping had made the decision that it was ok to show that america was. A very advanced country. So in fact this was a very clever policy by dung and to show the people this is what you can have if we change our ways. First i thought when people started to express themselves that it was good all i needed to do was be a bystander but later on people said they would he dont shoppings called to stop speaking out and that was when i thought maybe this is the time to step up and maybe ill lose my head. No i was working primarily at the beijing zoo but we had to cover a range of parks so we were also in charge of tiananmen square. So i saw the big letter dodgy both posters on the democracy wall quite early on british Journalist School not nigel wade of the telegraph rang me up and said roger ive been given a tip that theres something interesting. To be seen. On a wall in the center of town i dont read chinese you do will you come with me. I havent yet started to make big character posters that i was writing on pages like this smaller in size like a normal magazine size page tree and i after i finished writing them i would take them to the democracy wall around the early in the morning of that internet shift and there we found a group of young men and women have a overcoats crowding around with posters with big character posters will be put up. You know where they were already around over one or 200 people crowded around trying to read them those at the back were yelling to those at the front to read them out i was very excited when i saw them and happy. So the communist party proposed the 4 modernizations my article was called the 5th modernisation democracy and if there was no democracy these 4 previous modernizations would not come to fruition and secondly they would do nothing for the people because. He put up a post the nonce dunc shopping as a swindle. And a fraud nobody has defied. A communist leader like that. And called for a change of political system like that. In the 30 year history of the peoples republic of china. Published change the mood of the democracy wally the discussion of democracy in criticism of the party became mainstream issues in the peoples opinions on i became increasingly radicalized. After don had made his visit to the United States and come back tried here in the the rest of the Party Started to clamp down on the what was then the Democracy Movement number on march 29th waging. Arrested. Britain had faced 3 years of austerity dictated by the International Monetary fund how conscious was the countrys conservative policy that their proposals were the 979. 00 Election Campaign promises that would be difficult to fulfil between 174978 the average French Worker saw his wages in terms of what they would buy go up by 60 percent in germany the average worker saw his real wages go up by over 92 percent the average attorney and worker saw his real wages go up by over 47 percent meanwhile in britain the average industrial worker has seen his real wages in terms of what they will buy only go up by 16 percent so if you vote labor because you think that the party for the working man well thats just a slogan but the point is that millions of your fellow workers are already voting conservative and thats not disloyalty thats commonsense dont just hope for a better life. Vote for one morrison Charles Archer had an agency or a very Brilliant Agency and they were employed by the conservative party to help with the campaign wherever it was we 1st saw such an chattery labor isnt working slogan we would rather disapprove doing 1st thing to do rather a dirty trick where really it feels gentleman english gentleman will be here with us all the way weve always had a sense of humor and heaven knows weve needed it lately weve other characteristics to a gift or invention for initiative and for hard work under labor these talents are going to waste because the government takes too much away in techs often do you hear people say look how much they have taken from my pay packet so naturally they ask for a bigger pay rises to make up the difference and its not long before that pushes up prices ask any housewife shell tell you particular because she was a grocers daughter. She was very good at talking about all that and she had to sort all 30 about it and she could remember the price of everything and she was very good Photo Opportunities when she was walking down a street with a shopping bag and arguing with people in the market. Where you should look for you always talk about the price is often about tax and they usually Say Something like you know its worth anything seeking to attract votes is going to build on a. Strength they have and to be able to show that you are one of us if you come from humble backgrounds have you been able to combine your political life with looking after a family running a. Well i mean you do the kitchen here i like cooking and i do the shopping and always a big batch of cooking at the weekend and of course on the poly mention assassinates which coincide with the School Holidays so i can see quite a good bit of the children and take them out and at half time they come up to has problems and tantrums and she tried to force get it lowered the register and carry a ball and she also changed her teeth and i have style and her simplified her clothes and so on let me give you my vision some where the head lies greatness for our country again this i know in my heart look at britain today and you may think thats an impossible dream she used her sex very much to do this because she understood that. In a great see it suits the woman stands out but this is the 1st time in our history that a woman could after thursday beholding the highest Political Office in our national life. Its never happened before and i know that despite all the changes in our society there are some who still feel a little bit uncertain the party. Of lincoln john one during the campaign that has a world of lost hero to you before where we would all over for lay but we werent quite sure of it we didnt know it we suspected it say i had great hopes we might put it round but in fact we lost the general election of 97 on in 7778. I must say only the day that we absolve parliament. But 6 of those day video surely will me all the early fortys met together and said it doesnt matter we will be back in 4 years time this woman mrs thatcher composited last should be out in 4 years will syria now mid fortys we would know 15 years of cabinet so its spreading out in front of us i but i think i would foolishly optimistic i dont hear any very regular people wear the same respect. Meanwhile in iran Ayatollah Khamenei uses the islamic clergy and their network of mosques to consolidate his grip on the country. The referendum on the establishment of the Islamic Republic was essentially a plebiscite and there was no secret ballot anyone voting against would immediately be labeled as an enemy of the revolution. A lot of people voted because they stamped your Identity Card and they would they were worried about the fact that if they didnt vote they would lose their jobs so 98 percent of the population involved. People differently dont islami the public yes or not we dont we dont telling us that what is the only republican. Woman khamenei was a very skilled strategist want to look at when he came to power he talked about the muslim people. So in his speeches the concept of the people evolved into an idea of simply them ah the muslim people that term or placed the people the fascists scheme was initiated and that was a little by little the majority little by little except that the poller all door as in the individual they didnt believe on them they were a court people of the party of god has folded up at the beginning people who i packed their women they were on nobodys paid and they would not. Have known 10 on they were paid and some of them were or so are shot. To make out they said of committees and all neighborhoods committees of revolutionaries for Islamic Revolution islamist committees and schools and high schools only universities factories workplaces there was a lot of resistance. And that insistence was pro single women stood up to their original question up there woman who went out we doubted they under street the woman who wore a piece of lipstick the woman who pulled her she was fighting single handed. I had no problem before with my grandmothers veil. But it was getting so oppressive that i thought to myself i have to resist. And since i am rebellious by nature i didnt wear it the report that it happened that a woman was showing it because her hair they would pull the scarf down with a safety pin here put it on her for it for her to learn to observe for free property rule then one day a young man stops me on the street with a kalashnikov so the 1st thought he was maybe 16 a 16 year old boy and he looked at me with such hatred toward he said wheres your veil i told him that it was none of his business laughed and he said oh yes it is and he pointed his gun at me and i thought what the hell is going on here and it was the hatred not the weapon that really struck me that we were still in a time where guns were common place because of the ongoing revolution but the hatred in his eyes thats what did it and i said we are screwed in this country. For you and if and if you 2 dont support the executions are started 1st or Must Immediately off that they came to power with executing the shah was generous and his supporters and all of that and they train and left to its shape. Did not protest. Until it came to terms of each and every. A position person. And khomeini put everybody. Very a small critic on him and his politics they put all of them down. In that who believed there were days when they killed a 100 people or 200 we were in hiding and in the evening we would read the names and try to find out who we knew who they were people who did not give their names and who were anonymous and were killed for one simple comment with the truth. I personally felt that Something Like a stinking wet black be hanged kit like a cloud is spreading over my head our long night. Prayer all over their membership cards though or night because yet they feel after. The time that they decided to close the organization they had created that are going or train to my place which they did later on. And they are going on to get access to the information of their members like walk to the opposition groups had to make fake documents we changed our identities long i fled from city to city from one neighborhood to the next we were living in the underground level work longer see when i came back. To my apartment it was something around noon and all of the sudden i heard someone knock my door and that was one of my beloved neighbor and she told me that come out come out they were here and just nobody left here you should you should leave you should leave and in one minute actually came out and only id member or blue thing i did choose my shoes. Because and then i tried to put on other clothes and. Another dress and i went out and i never been back to do my apartment i went to court and dressed as a kurdish. Woman because that was the only time i was living i had to cross the border illegally i mean meet the people that this. Was actually unexpected the some of them Unbelievable Health food and some of them they did everything to save us although they were the drug dealer i was given and. As everybody had to be over it was a small machine gun its called the u. C. From then on we lived on intense i was there for one year and commands. Began to realize that the plans made at the conference at the beginning of the year were not having the desired effect the elderly cleric theyre allowed to take the place of the shah had neither re stabilized iran nor preserved western interests. Ayatollah khomeini became the wests bogeyman and a fear of islamic fundamentalism would soon begin to spread its message and what many would see as a clash of civilizations and then a fear of islam itself which became the new evil. d following the 1st oil crisis and 973. 00 energy emerged as an invaluable and inexhaustible alternative to counter fluctuating prices on the global oil market. French television at the time broadcast promotional films featuring a background music. Nuclear energy was acclaimed as the product of human effort and intelligence and the perfect triumph of mankind over. It was a dream that would become a nightmare on march 28th 1979. The partial meltdown of the 3 mile island reactor led to what is still the most Serious Nuclear accident in american history. Fearing the release of radioactive gases the authorities evacuated pregnant women and children within a radius of 8 kilometers around the plant 200000 people fled the region. Ultimately the reactance 3rd layer of protection held firm and the meltdown was contained although president carter did not want to abandon the Nuclear Program the near disaster did much to erode american faith in atomic energy. In west germany the accident brought together a mixture of antinuclear activists pacifists feminists as well as protestant and catholic members of the Peace Movement the united their hopes and utopian ideas in a political pro and violent movement. When we became aware of the accident in harrisburg pennsylvania it was just 2 weeks after the German Green Party had been founded so what happened during the European ParliamentElection Campaign you could say that the partys campaign was a political response to the events in harrisburg and book it was 2 women had to go on the task of creating the new green party in the background theologian stop and in the spotlight. A political scientist and activist with international experience. The admission statue in the courage to me and said you have to found the green party with me i dont want to do it on my own women cant go it alone we have to learn to work in a team ill be the top Party Candidate you will be next in line to the next as i once was and that i functioned in tandem we were 2 very different people i was much more rooted in the west german and he nuclear left and feminist movements and pater had a lot of perspective from the us. Through her i became better acquainted with the civil rights and womens movements in the us doesnt women taking part in the Election Campaigns was something she had experience with but it was new for me. The European Parliament elections of 2979. 00 would be the 1st opportunity for the young party to become actively involved in Democratic Institutions they entered the battle with limited resources. You know that Election Campaign with the early green party was an incredible time we had no press team we didnt have the internet or cell phones no computers not even electric typewriters and within 3 months we went from 0 to 3. 7 percent without any money for advertising without a single newspaper article entitled to. Their he said laughing and then a difficult time began thats when the 1st struggles emerged between the radical left the traditional left and the green Party Conflicts that continue to this day and many Party Systems just finished an important day for me was december 12th 1979 the nato double tracked decision which was important not just for the to germanys the green party demanded the withdrawal of all Nuclear Weapons while a large part of the unions and the left only demanded the removal of american Nuclear Weapons. For the time. After achieving their 1st electoral success the greens promoted their political project as an alternative to the old bipolar world of the cold war. As fate would have it they struck a chord with the president of the worlds leading nuclear power. I want to talk to you right now about a fundamental threat to american democracy the threat is nearly. Invisible in ordinary way. It is a crisis. Of confidence for the 1st time in the history of our country a majority of our people believe that the next 5 years will be worse than the past 5 years this is not a message of happiness or reassurance but it is the truth and it is a warning. Silty after jimmy carter would face humiliation by the takeover of the u. S. Embassy in tehran marking the final blow to taste presidency in his address to the nation he began to use words that have since become an established policy of political vocabulary he reassured americans by calling upon past greatness traditional valleys and of course gods help. We are at a turning point in our history all the traditions of our past all the lessons of our heritage all the promises of our future point to another path the path of common purpose and the restoration of American Values that path leads to true freedom for our nation and ourselves we can take the 1st steps down that path to develop americas own alternative sources of fuel from coal from oil shale from plant products for gas our home from unconventional gas from the sun but we can succeed only if we tap our greatest Resources Americas people americas values and americas confidence with gods help. And for the sake of our nation. Of joy and. Then under. Saddam hussein had taken over the reigns of iraq on july 16th 979 he saw himself as the secular leader of a country that was also the most important western ally in the middle east alongside saudi arabia. He likewise called upon god as the challenge khamenei in the neighboring iran. Saddam called for a war against what he saw as the expansionism of the iranian revolution aiming to dominate the region himself he exploited the ancient sectarian antagonism between iranian shiites and iraqi sunnis. Months until 22nd 1980 the iraqi army entered iran where Ayatollah Khomeini was still struggling to establish his authority for him the iraqi aggression offered the chance to finally and permanently consolidate his legitimacy. Forcing all the radiance to unite behind a nationalist call for a holy war against iraq khamenei ultimately stabilized his Islamic Revolution. Iranian propaganda even used women clad in black veils as the new heroines of a nation where everyone had to be prepared for armed combat and ready for the ultimate sacrifice against a mortal enemy. The war that saddam and his Saudi Arabian allies had hoped to end within a few days would last for 18 years and cost more than a 1000000. 00 lives. And it established Ayatollah Khamenei as the ruler of iran and the Supreme Leader of shia islam. Its now almost a year since a conservative party was returned to power and i became prime minister. The times can i think if you only need to ask ourselves one of 2 important questions we didnt promise you instant sunshine. We pointed out over and over again that a nation come to accelerate down little for years and then jam the brakes on im afraid some things will get worse before they get better one year after their election such as radical reforms were not yet producing the expected results their political future has seemed and sasan. By the end of 981 she faced a fresh challenge from the new leader of the argentinian military regime diverting is peoples attention from the countrys economic hardships in april 982 leopoldo tearing reclaim the Falkland Islands by force as part of argentinas National Territory yeah yeah but the nationalistic enterprise and turned off at thatcher the perfect opportunity to galvanize her people and as the president just and patriotic fight. It mattered little that only a few months area her government had passed a law effectively demoting felten this and the residents of other colonies to 2nd class british citizens now the falklands which remained british through and through. This village of the south atlantic was just filler to britain that have best. Be said at least the crimes of the well. The british had to tears of was rediscovered in those green day. It was really a lot. Thank. You i just tell. People well beyond john. The union jack flying again of the Government House in port stanley was on the front page of the british and world media and didnt show at the reelection of the i and lady. Finally margaret touch it could impact on her medical program of economic and social reforms. Christmas 970 don was a surprise certainly to president carter. Because it ministration. The invasion of afghanistan by the soviet union led to a meeting on the morning of christmas day. The the office of secretary of state vance i was present to discuss what should be done to punish the soviet union and there were a great number of ideas put out some of which i thought were very bad one of them was an olympic boycott one other one was that we wrap up the relationship with china so on january 5th 1980 other words about 12 days later secretary of defense harold brown went to beijing and he agreed with the chinese on several points one was that we would work in parallel to oust the soviets from afghanistan this led to the purchase of weapons from the chinese for the majority and which peaked in 197630000000. 00 of weaponry a year. Also. As the 980. 00 s. Went on we began to buy weapons from the chinese to train our own forces against soviet equipment so that made 20 ones made in time to be picked up at the military airport in beijing in giant american planes and flown to nevada where american pilots trained others on his to fly soviet style exercise against american pilots and american aircraft. Also in january 980 after this meeting in beijing i dont understand how this did not get noticed how brown went to sin john in the far west of china and toured and unknown unidentified p. L. A Peoples Liberation army unit and then he went to the owning and toured another army unit there what was the significance of this well the singe on his next to the main soviet test ranges for missiles plasma weapons space weaponry yarning watches over a lot of all thorp which is the big ones the main soviet fleet for the pacific. This began a process of establishing joint intelligence listening post. By the end of this program there were 32 such stations in china. This is exactly why president reagan when he came into office i mean pledged to undo normalization instantly reversed himself he had not known nobody knew about the extent of the cooperation that we had to embark upon with the chinese and its also the reason why george bush in 1989 after the 10 on mine incident was so reluctant to break off relations with and cooperation with china. Search china was an active participant in the eightys with the United States in the effort to contain soviet expansion and counter it where it occurred and this cooperation which the soviet through well aware of. Had a good deal to do with why their system finally collapsed. 40 years after the conference that hosted the full news of the main west and how its been bloody lubin january 979. 00 the tinderbox volcano still hasnt erupted in said respects the world seems to have cooled and calms down. But something to protect the mists of 979. 00 have been looking critically at the events they were involved in in an attempt to understand todays. Trying to the day it was the most 1st again cleared totalitarians as well to move the world cup to see. If youll just tell the world to lose and theres no make up rebuild it was because youre still to fall. Into a framework of legal or political left they became quite harsh a global concern with the composer for certain global concern with inequality as a benefit global because youve been in that. We were able to give more the social rights to the society yes they expected that we didnt do it because we always could just come to say you did you could destroy how they could have. Walked out with just one person on the boat and showed me throughout history more coherent more easily identifiable by the father and the immigrant the viewer for roughly. What you term capitalists dont have democratic ideals such as freedom chinese politicians dont have communist ideals either which means i money that unites these 2 parties and to me. Just change groups of 10 percent of the worlds population owns more wealth than the other 90 percent this is the. Sult of capitalism. That color correction in iran has never been as total as it is today poverty has never been so rampant the differences in social class were not as obvious as today and state oppression is at a peak thats your moral order for your home. Well and all the what. Any part of my soul its political towards its overshadowed by what is being done to the planet. Almost no one remembers that in july 9791 of the earliest records on Global Warming was presented to president jimmy carter a group of 44 international saw him to school cost that c o 2 emissions with double by 2030 and that the earths surface temperature would increase by 3 degrees. And the social Economic Impact they added could be significant despite countless other recalls published since then their projections have remained unchanged since 979. 00. India. To do a female role or. More and more women in the indian state of maharashtra are becoming landowners in marjah. A sustainable approach to land use early for the environment i am spared from a simple. Next on d w. What keeps us to say what makes us see and how do we stay healthy. My name is dr carson because i talked to many conflicts to. Watch them at work. And then discuss what you can do to improve your health. Stay tuned and lets all try to stay. 30 minutes. In support of. Whats able. To be a book. What secrets lie behind walls. Discover new adventures in 360 degree. And explore fascinating World Heritage sites. T. W. World heritage 360 getting asked now. This is news and these are our top stories. The government of ukraine and russian backed separatists have a change prisoners captured during the countrys 5 year conflict ukrainian prisoners were taken to kiev on sunday evening its the 2nd major Prisoner Exchange this year the conflict in Eastern Ukraine has