The technology to really been. Done for the dreamers edition. Also coming up a u. S. President trying to end the trade war with china last week trump added sheneman writes in hong kong to that equation in beijing has now reached but trump is showing no signs of a rethink no signs of regret. I. Just want to make you. Go to our viewers on p. B. S. In the United States and all around the world welcome we begin today with Global Warming happening faster than what scientists told us just a year ago and the worlds biggest Climate Centers giving few signs that they are willing to atone for any thing this is where the world stands as the u. N. Climate change conference in madrid starts 2 weeks to nail down the. Tales left open in that historic 2015 Paris Climate Accord 2 weeks to finally agree on how to turn words into action and to create a viable alternative to fossil fuels of the head of the un trying to sound more resolute than resigned says that the worlds biggest polluters i. E. China and the us despite solid data and extreme weather well they remain resistant to real change that is needed to slow Global Warming here is the un head and tony of the terrorist speaking today. That was not disappointed by the pledges made by those that made pledges many countries 70 countries that. Want to be Carbon Neutral in the 2050 Many Companies many as it managers banks that really are committed to Climate Action what im disappointed with those that did not commit and unfortunately we still have a serious problem with the biggest emitters you can hear right there from the head of the u. N. Prepare for plenty of naming and shaming over the next 2 weeks will it be enough to compel countries to take action and do what they have already promised to do we take a look now at what is at stake in madrid. There is no sign of a slowdown in Greenhouse Gases concentrations in the atmosphere let alone a decline that is according to a recent study by the United Nations if this trend continues experts say the result will be disastrous future generations will be confronted with even higher temperatures droughts floods storms and while files will become more severe and more frequent. After a year of protests the pressure on governments is mounting scientists are also urging governments to act they say that countries should increase their carbon reduction ambitions in order to prevent an even more catastrophic outcome. At the top of the Climate Conference agenda as a global emissions trading system it would allow countries that exceed their self set emissions reduction target to sell a right to emit some claim the system could create incentives to further reduce emissions the u. N. Says that time is of the essence the last time that earth experienced such a high concentration of c o 2 was 3000000 years ago back then the average temperature was 2 to 3 degrees warmer and sea levels were 10 to 20 metres higher. Im joined tonight by helen bell ford shes Vice President of World ResourcesInstitute ClimateEconomics Program in washington d c is not for its good to have you on the program you write today excuse me in a piece in the Financial Times that Carbon Pricing is now mainstream and that its thrive you say to think otherwise would be lazy because of the high profile outliers those outliers there are countries such as the u. S. And china can Carbon Pricing can it be a success if the 2 largest economies are not fully committed to. So interestingly actually both of those economies do have some form of Carbon Pricing in place at the moment we have 40. 00 countries around the world and 36. 00 states are provinces which have some form of Carbon Pricing in place now today or of how to put it in place they havent scheduled that includes the whole economy in china in the u. S. Of course its been a very difficult issue at the federal level theres been a lot of discussions about Carbon Pricing bills here at the federal level the work of thing action there but where we are seeing action is at the subNational Level that we now have 10. 00 u. S. States which have Carbon Pricing in place and another 3 that are looking to add it in the coming in the coming year or so so i think Carbon Pricing a is it is an absolutely not its definitely not enough that were not there yet and in most places where we have Carbon Pricing the prices of the moment are to love that being said we are seeing them rising and a number of countries in regions and were seeing a much wider spread so id say its really all the i wouldnt say were there yet but we are actually Building Momentum and there is a growing spread of Carbon Pricing around the world contrary to Public Opinion so i think that is the difference i would i would distinguish there what would you say needs to happen in the next 2 weeks in madrid are we at a do or die level now what has to happen. And there are some critical steps we do need to advance in madrid i would not quite call it do or die i think the challenge right now is that we are really seeing from the science and from evidence on the ground that Climate Change is advancing more quickly than the scientists expect and were starting to see the impacts today here now everywhere around the world and thats only getting worse so theres an urgency to actually advancing Climate Change that that we did not feel last year at the same time there are a number of processes approaches that are moving forward both at the National Level but also at the subnational as i mentioned theyve got some exciting momentum building from the finance sector in mind that sector is finally waking up to the risks of Climate Change in terms of their investments but also the risk of stranded onsets if they dont ship it to a low Carbon Economy and shift their investment that way quickly so we start to see some momentum the science is changing youre correct about that as weve reported just in the last few months that Global Warming is occurring much more quickly than scientists said just a year ago is the paris climate agreement then is it already out of date. The Paris Agreement is not out of date what it said there in terms of the science i think still holds what it said is globally the country signing on to the pairs agreement said we were aiming to keep global temperature rise below 2 degrees and ideally moving towards 1. 5 degrees celsius what were seeing from the science of Climate Change now is that we really should focus on that 1. 5 c. Target to the extent possible it is not easy and that should be where were aiming given the difference in terms of the impacts how much more we will lose in terms of communities in terms of lives lost to to climate impacts floods droughts wildfires but we dont have to given the will we should aim for 1. 5 and thats the problem as its a very frustrating at the moment yeah absolutely absolutely were seeing interesting lisa some very important pockets of political will and were hoping those will actually galvanize if not even embarrass some of the others so for example weve got 68. 00 countries which have signed up and said they will step up their peers agreements are gets next year so 68. 00 countries have already done so many of those are small economies and often the most vulnerable to Climate Change so they are saying they are going to move forward weve seen as i said the finance sector weve had a number of investors particularly Pension Funds and and some others who said well theyre shifting away from fossil fuel financing completely they moved away from coal before theyre now moving away from other fossil fuels and theyre also going to be theres some that committed in september to go towards investment for portfolios that are 100 percent net 0 completely getting rid of the missions and their Investment Performance so were seeing some action thats building in the us weve actually got a really exciting story to tell in terms of whats happening on the subNational Level right now of the states cities and businesses that have said they are still. Emitted to achieve in the u. S. Paris agreement ordered account for almost 70 percent of our economy where you said you talked about the euro is nothing you talk about the United States and i just want to share this with you had a very long layover at the airport in new york yesterday i spoke with people there who were live leaving big carbon footprints every day they did not show a sense of urgency or panic at all i was alarmed by that they were not alarmed at all what have people like you lot of people like myself what have we got wrong here in europe. Well i think it i think there is in the us in particular there is a discourse around. Whether people understand climate and climate impacts or whether they associate it with Something Else so we get people who talk about whether they believe in Climate Change or not now we get that from that from the top in the u. S. We get them from tweets from the white house but when you actually look at what the scientists are saying in the u. S. Including in this administration they are very clear last year there was a National Climate assessment report released 13 federal agencies their top scientists engaged and they said Climate Change is hitting us now it is getting worse and it is it is largely our fault we are actually creating the emissions that are leading to Climate Change so theres theres a debate that goes on in this country which in some ways is quite bizarre we dont get that in other countries we dont see people challenging scientific accepted Acceptance AroundClimate Change and other countries so much so i think there is a real challenge here i think another challenge were seeing is that there is this idea that its going to be costly to the economy or jobs whereas weve actually seen its the opposite in a lot of countries and actually helping to boost jobs and growth and we know the growth will not be sustainable if you dont tackle Climate Change so so theres a few things there we need to be better at communicating helen out for Vice President of the world resource institutes climate Economics Program joining us from washington d. C. Tonight is not for your time in your insights thank you thank you great to speak with you. Every year vast swathes of indonesian forest or cleared for Palm Oil Plantations and a lot of that land is cleared by burning more than 4000 square kilometers this year alone the fires do more than destroy fours they release much more Carbon Dioxide than the fires in the amazon around the same time. The native landscapes of sumatra a disappearing with. Every year if tom as he launched waste of rainforest mainly to make way for palm all plantations. Also burning peat lands a type of wetland that still has huge amounts of natural cotton when people bends it releases Carbon Dioxide and causes toxic smoke thats thick and more dangerous than smoke from the forest is going to say ok we had a volunteer firefighter who got treated with oxygen because the 1st barratry problems when he came back after 2 weeks we observed that his condition had become much less. Alongside the great health risks they pose as had a devastating impact on our climate scientists found that peat fires in indonesia pumped hundreds of millions of tons of Greenhouse Gases into the atmosphere this year. Also notoriously difficult to put out because they continue to small the underground. But we cannot extinguish he tries completely specially in the dry season we can only stop them from spreading. The majority of people thought to be deliberately lit. Other result of bad farming. In addition to slash and burn practices farmers are also draining peat land to grow palm trees rendering the soil dry and flammable. For years Palm Oil Cultivation has been the go to means to make a living for farmers and some outre but some are starting to make the switch. This 58 year old farmer rid of his Palm Oil Trees to grow chilly a crop which doesnt degrade the land. Very very fast in the soil because its mainly organic matter. Has some supports the switched to alternative crops but says farming is cannot rescue peat lands alone. Got 99. 00 notice up on the money im going to is that people have to be versatile it said i dont burn so easily its completely wasteful took them down. And 2016 indonesias government established an agency to restore some 2000000 hectares of peat land by 2020. But critics say much more what is needed to put an end to the fires that are destroying the countrys precious ecosystems and our planet. A question for china how do you hit back in the u. S. Where it hurts without it hurting well the answer you can tell the u. S. Navy to find somewhere else to park if youre a little puzzled here youre not alone china today announced that it will no longer allow u. S. Warships to drop anchor in hong kong and xing also imposed sanctions and several u. S. Based in geos all of this in retaliation for a vote passed last week in washington that makes it easier to slap sanctions on chinese officials for human rights abuses especially in hong kong last week u. S. President on one trumped sawing of the hong kong human rights and democracy act of that requires the president to annually review the citys favorable trade status and threatens to revoke it if the territorys freedoms are curtailed china and slam the wall as interfere. You wont instantly china urges the u. S. To stop interfering and commenting on chinas internal Affairs China will take further action as we deem necessary as the situation develops and will firmly protect hong kongs disparity ability and our National SovereigntySecurity Development and interests. And im joined tonight by eric gomes hes the policy analyst for defense and Foreign Policy studies in east asia at the Cato Institute he joins me from washington its good to see you i want to start with these n. G. O. S. Who are they and what if any effect will this decision by beijing have. A number i believe it was or 5 n. G. O. S that were saying by china and all of them work extensively on human rights refuse especially the ongoing democratic protests in hong kong and all of them its difficult to say what effect the sanctions will have because china had already limited the amount that foreign n. G. O. S could operate in china especially ones directed at. Human rights issues so its unclear exactly what effect this will have but ill probably make their work even harder ok and weve got the big sign out now u. S. Naval ships allowed here that is china is supposed indignation at what it calls american meddling in its Domestic Affairs is that in your opinion is that going to bother anyone in washington. Im not sure i mean the the port visits are something that the u. S. Navy likes to do somewhat frequently but dont really have too much more of an impact on u. S. China naval cooperation like you said its really more symbolic than anything else its symbolic. To say that its also. A rather weak responses and. Somewhat i mean right now like you said china doesnt really want to push the u. S. Too hard on any one issue because if you push too hard on any issues here then you might risk the trade deal collapsing or you might risk other problems in the relationship so theyre trying to link hong kong to other issues in the u. S. Trying to relationship but like you said theyre kind of hesitant to go any further at the moment although this might change especially if the protests continue or if they spread to other parts and what does this confirm what weve been hearing the entire time from u. S. President that the u. S. Hands the leverage has the upper hand when it comes to the trade dispute with china for difficult to say especially because the United States and china have seen such a little progress in the trade dispute there really hasnt been Much Movement at all so its hard to say who has more leverage or who has more ability to influence things at this point but its definitely a sign of worsening u. S. China relations and i do worry about in the future if the china u. S. Relationship becomes more contentious you might see more serious measures by china such as like denying access or denying meetings with high ranking u. S. Security officials were weve got so many things going on weve got the trade war with with the United States weve got the riots in hong kong followed by the resulting victory of prodemocracy candidates doesnt president chinese president xi jinping doesnt he need to show more resilience if he wants to safeguard his own position and isnt he threaten to. This does seem that this is my big concern is that china has reacted to these things by rushing up tensions further in almost every single case that you mentioned and i do worry that even though we have all these setbacks that china has seen the passing of the law the whens and the Hong Kong Legislature by the prodemocracy groups it would be an opportunity for she didnt think to actually take a step back and to adopt a more restrained approach to whats going on the problem is im not sure if thats all that viable given the past instances of behavior weve seen out of china well from one president to the next i mean its no secret that trump opposes connecting human rights to economic and trade policies but that is exactly what this new law does is this what a president looking at an uncertain reelection bid is that what he does for im not sure i think that trump is really focused on the trade issue with china he doesnt really seem to care all that much about whats happening in hong kong and even when he passed this bill and had you know pretty much unanimous consent in the senate and in the house to get through so it was clear that he wasnt going to be able to veto it so under that condition it was clear that it went ahead but Foreign Policy issues in general dont play too much of a role in u. S. Elections unfortunately for folks like me so i think that the primary issue with china that will impact the election is going to be this trade dispute and what impact it has on a working class of middle class americans and i think that trump really wants to have if not this trade solution done at least have a pause that last throughout the election so that he isnt hurt by the economic consequences as with the kid who was jew joining us from washington d. C. Tonight as always we appreciate your time and your insights thank you thank you for having me. President donald trump southern wall against immigration is the only structure of its kind to stir controversy some call it even sure pork just as the danes denmark is drawing for criticism for building a border fence to keep out german wild boar that border fence was finished completed on monday it runs 70 kilometers from the north sea coast in the west of the baltic sea in the east the Danish Parliament ordered its construction in a bid to prevent the spread of asian pig flu which poses an economic threat to pig farmers now the fork industry in denmark if you didnt know its a mainstay of the country denmark exports billions of euros of pork products its home to twice as many pigs as people my goodness are for more on this we want to go now to thor yasid hes a senior biologist from the World Wide Fund for nature in the danish city of hells ingore its good to have you on the show so is the border wall going to save danish pigs from illnesses brought in by germanys wild boar is that what this is really about. Its whats whats in it yes and its a very good question but we really dont know and theres a lot of all the. Invectives that is distributing the swine plague one thing is food waste another thing is the trucks osten the border and all the things also uncontrolled views and even wild boar can swim and if we have the video of the wild wolves swimming 2 kilometers from the coast of poland and between then mud and german you have the fins for fuel where the wild boar easily can swim over since these boards can swim 2 kilometers and know that pigs can fly but ive never heard of board swimming to kilometer i mean what do you do to stop them then from getting through. Yes the Danish Authority of the government has constructed this fence which is goes from coast to coast and then ma and it will prevent of course. You can say a posse of wild boar but theres also around 2 people almost insulting to come to openings around gross and and the waves and in those areas of course wild or can cross and also crossing for instance a fence will fuel. And does this all in your opinion does it has it or has it come to represent much more than just the border between denmark and germanys wild boar i mean its actually gotten much more significant hasnt. You mean this one plate has got significant on the fence well in efforts to build these Ecological Networks within the European Union when you put on a wall up comes to be counterproductive does of. Great concern is this is these barriers in the landscapes for instance a fence like this going over to border because it will of course also fixed effects a lot of all the species of both of the great amounts like here we already have accident with the. Damaged or hurt by the fence that jumped into it ran into it and it was a fake migration of wood for instance more common species like faults and better and what we really lack now is a Scientific Evidence of the effects of this fence and we totally lack in this in the in though process of making this fence where we are following this story mr johnston so please come back to us if there is new data out there as we would certainly like to share it with our viewers or our hearts and senior journalists with the w w f joining us tonight from the great danish city of helsingborg thank you thank you for having me. Well the days almost on the conversation continues online youll find us on twitter either at u. W. New she can follow me of brant goff t. V. Dont forget to use our hash tag of the day and remember whatever happens between now and then tomorrow is another day well see you then of. The from. 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