Economic inequality. And a new one tests that may be able to detect Breast Cancer years before patients begin showing any symptoms. Im called assman welcome to the program festivities have kicked off here in germany to mark the fall of the berlin wall 30 years ago on november 9th 1989 events ive been taking place across the capital well have more on that but 1st one demonstration 3 decades ago that many say change the course of history. History flashing before their eyes just dows its returned to berlin so iconic of the sun the plot to mark the moment that would help change the city and the country forever november 4th 1989 more than half a 1000000 protests. Descended on the square in what would become the largest demonstration in the history of east germany led by some of its most prominent intellectuals they rose up to demand more freedoms from the oppressive regime. Its as if someone has pushed open the window. Years of intellectual economic and political stagnation. Shelf nation for years reeking of apathy 2 years of double speak and bureaucratic despotism. You have a tough job is. The communist regime had rapidly and publicly lost all support but even then no one predicted that just 5 days later the berlin wall would fall. This week the spirit of the peaceful revolution once more lighting up the city like this giant wave of colorful streamers said Brandenburg Gate carrying messages of hope for the future written by germans. Over the coming days the city will celebrate the anniversary with more than 200. 00 events exhibitions and artworks culminating with the ceremony at the berlin wall memorial on saturday. For more joining me now in studio is Political Correspondent simon young i mean simon we saw there you know this day of course still resonating here in germany how is the country marking these events from 30 years ago well its a week long celebration really especially here in berlin as we saw there are projects polities speeches films discussion panels and of course the t. V. Networks a full of all that famous Archive Footage of the opening when the opening points between east and west were you know opened almost without planning and suddenly the streets of berlin were you know one big sort of policy as of the authorities i think its trying to recapture some of that atmosphere from back then remembering the victims of German Division as well of course but its all going to culminate on the 9th of november the actual anniversary of the fall of the wall with a big show and plenty of razzmatazz at the Brandenburg Gate now we see of course behind us you know all these happy faces the celebrate. As you mentioned for those the living in former east germany at the time i mean life after the wall came down wasnt always so simple right thats right i mean some people have struggled to come to terms with the changes that were brought in by 989 and theres no doubting that germany today is more democratic than communist east germany was but for many people i think the end of the g. D. R. Meant the end of the system that theyd grown up in the end of the country where theyve grown up where they had respect where they knew how to behave and how to get on and suddenly millions of people had to survive in a capitalist system west germans and other foreigners turned up who sometimes said that they knew how to do it better and not everybody from east germany so thrived under that new system in line with that as a new survey out saying that hof of east germans eastern germans believe that they are less free to express themselves now than they were on the communism and there is much resentment that wages and pensions and so on a low will of course almost nobody says that they want to return to the east german communist system. 3 decades on many germans still living with the effects of that old german east german regime one of them being the stasi the east German Secret Police i mean give us an idea of what life was like under the shah for many citizens before the wall came down yet while the east german communist state felt that it needed to keep an eye what follow my own citizens to protect the socialist system as it see it as it saw it that meant this vost apparatus a sort of state within a state of professionals surveillance agents but also of unofficial collaborators in 1909 the stasi employed nearly 300000 people that was more than 2 percent of the population of the total population of east germany theyre all busy observing each of. You know watching friends and colleagues fellow students and in some cases even family members noting down what they did where they went what they say to others trying to analyze that information and where they felt it was necessary putting them in a network of prisons that the stasi ran and you know those were places where torture was commonplace and where even the sort of flimsy protections that people had on the reach german law couldnt really help them not all the commemorations this week are happy ones of course simon young thank very much. Now as we heard there the east German Secret Police the stasi spied on thousands of citizens many had no idea what information they had gathered about them until years later when the stasi files were made available we caught up with 2 women whose lives were changed by the stasi and who still feel the effects today. Look all fall under luna zuber visit the building where they used to live. When the 2 secretaries lived here in the younger years spies from the stars he used germanys secret police monitored them through the kitchen window. But then the tree was smaller i was even busy do you see people from the stars you standing there know as for me i just recently read about it. We never would have thought of such a thing oh no i dont think so either. They read about it in the stasi files a couple of 100 pages of intercepted letters private mail and official correspondence and most of all reports from spies including the layout of the loners aber and zilker all files flat. At 7 am on april 30th 980 observation of residence was undertaken for this kitchen light was on and the window was half open and about 15 minutes later the life was turned off and saban left the flat alone she walked in the direction of the summer he touched us a subway station and. Had someone looked into my life and i had no idea about it this is made me feel very uncomfortable for years i didnt want to have anything to do with it i didnt even want to read the file. As a star of whats there. But i have to live with it. In my experience you always get through life better if you can live with the situation with. It. They want you to leave east germany they had applied for exit visas it was here that they were subjected to hours of interrogation they never wanted to set foot in this place again. Lets just go and you have to go back to the place of horror. But i have a really bad bottle a feeling really bad i could just cry then do it. Now. To this day they feel humiliated by the tone used in the interrogations. In this industry here. This is you know. So is a greeting it was like can see right away that your slant on not only that you better watch out dont even cross the street the wrong way we are everywhere are just huge threats. That was more than 30 years ago on the anniversary of the fall of the berlin wall the stasi Documentation Authority made their files accessible zilker or fallen below is able to speak publicly about what happened there explaining to young germans why they risked their lives to leave east germany. Dubose i wanted out and i didnt want anyone to tell me who has the right to decide where i live even if it were social or whatever but we didnt want that and at that age youre also brave enough to do it as much as most does he even somehow never getting out or only to a couple of countries that it was decided i could go to i never agreed to that i had said before that i wasnt happy with that and then i thought you know i just want out of here i want freedom which meant if i had but at some stage it all petered out both women withdrew their exit visa applications. To pastor and that allowed her to travel alone as a but had a baby and was allowed to go to the west after all. And of course all this week well be bringing you special coverage and reports of the events which led up to the fall of the berlin wall 30 years ago right here on. Now lets take a look at some of the other stories making news around the world the u. S. Has formally notified the United Nations that it is pulling out of the paris climate agreement President Trump announced the move 2 years ago but monday was the 1st day that the process could actually start u. S. The only country to quit the deal. The u. K. Parliament has elected a new house of Commons SpeakerLindsay Hoyle of the Opposition Labor Party promised to be neutral i do and transparent in his new role running the daily business of the commons he takes over from john bercow who some accused of and time said by. Turkey says it has captured the sister of the dead Islamic State leader abu dhabi must mia awad was caught in a raid near us zaz thats a turkish controlled syrian town near the border her brother died last month during an American Special forces raid on his compound. Well thousands of people have again taken to the streets of the chilean capital jago to demand Better Social Services and an end to any quality demonstrations began last month after the government announced a hike in subway fares the government accuses the protesters of damaging the economy but they say su future plans are benefiting from the countrys prosperity. The wail of sirens tear gas and Water Cannons once again tensions flared into violent clashes between police and protesters in santiago. Demonstrations erupted in the chilean capital 3 weeks ago anger over a hike in metro fares sparked massive protests over income inequality and poor public services. The police met the demands with bullets leaving 20 people dead the governments hard line has enraged those demanding change. Protesting against the system in general about all the problems in the early april system here and. Arrive at a crisis we noticed that the system cannot handle it anymore yet this is going in a way that my chile has the reputation of being a latin american Success Story but Economic Growth has come with rising inequality and a cut in social provisions thousands took to the streets on monday to protest the Pension System that is leaving the elderly short changed. What this government wants is to continue maintaining theres a Pension System. In this process completely insulting its a provocation and thats why people voted. Others had to come together to highlight student debt which is crippling the finances of University Graduates not having a way to pay having to deprive not to pay go to pay for this is an anguish for all of us. Fuelled by a sense of injustice the protests show no sign of abating. Correspondent nicole foolish is in chile she sent us this assessment of the latest protest in the capital. Jilly entered a 3rd week of protests on monday with another mass demonstration around santiago Central Plaza ditalia square even before the scheduled start of the protests those in attendance were dispersed by Water Cannons and tensions only escalated further as the afternoon went on with heavy clashes between protesters and the police 2 female Police Officers were struck by molotov cocktails and set ablaze now these protests started as a reaction to a raise in transportation costs but that was only the straw that broke the camels back ever since chileans of all ages and backgrounds have been taking to the streets demanding changes to what they consider to be a profoundly unjust system theyre asking for reforms and the countrys pension education and Health Care System and cries for a new constitution are growing louder and louder that is because the current constitution here in chile dates back to 980 which is when the country still lived under dictatorship for now president s of us now being you know hasnt shown any convincing signs of wanting to give in to the demands these protesters are bringing forward which is why were very certain to keep seeing more of this in the coming days and weeks. Those correspondent nicole through this for us and she life now these 5 people were killed in the iraqi capital baghdad when Security Forces opened fire on antigovernment protesters tens of thousands of iraqis have been demonstrating in the central baghdad and in southern iraq since october 25th calling for the overthrow of the government and sweeping political change earlier in the day funerals were held for 2 protesters killed in karbala over the weekend. The mass funeral soon became a raging protests. That we love and so we will sacrifice for you they chanted on the streets of kabbalah this man die theyre going to avenge train men who died of the weekend during clashes with progovernment militia in the shade god only see be. In the shade but our son is a hero he was carrying only theoretically flooded nothing else but the praise of militias attacked us and killed us and they shut your country. And in the capital baghdad they rallied to remember those victims to demonstrate is surging out of their protest camp on top 3 square and towards the heavily guarded bridges leading into the government district the paper bracing for further violence theyve seen so much of it in recent wakes you know what how yesterday a young man went up to the bridge and sounded one to 10 and they had his entire had to accept it i love people in montana from i know about peaceful protest in addition to the motus and soon sickeningly familiar scenes were playing out in baghdad. Security forces deploying Water Cannons and tear gas. And then once more firing live rounds into the crowd there i to push demonstrators back away from government ministries in the cities fortified green zone why not have those illegal i think its what theyre using a pip see in bandages it would like to thank the volunteers who are getting as protective vests helmets and gloves we just need to keep protesting. And it seems demonstrators are determined to stay on the straights no matter whether the government responds to them with a carrot or a clenched fist. Heavy clashes continued into the night in baghdad more blood spilt in a country the same little pace for decades. Youre watching news still to come we explain why this former academic is collecting elephant dung in south africa and the surprising use hes found for the islands for. The 1st for decades scientists have been predicting that we would soon win the war on cancer but progress has been stubbornly slow and thats because a cancer diagnosis often comes too late in the tumor is already well advanced so at a major conference on the topic in glasgow in scotland Early Detection is at the top of the agenda. Breast cancer is often diagnosed through mammography but mammograms are often far from conclusive experts have hotly debated whether large scale screening what the high tech method is the best way to detect the disease in its early most treatable stages in the race to improve early prediction oncologists have been looking for biomarkers in blood that indicate the likelihood of developing a wide range of cancers before they break out earlier this year a team in the german city of hyderabad presented what it called the 1st marketable blood test for Breast Cancer. In the end its about liquid biopsy liquid biopsied means we are determining a diagnosis via body fluids it may lead blood. Gets i need food we now have a blood test that enables us to find out whether there is an indication for an ill that he or the opposite did he see that theres no indication of ilyas. Now in glasgow new methods in the field were showcased that push the boundaries even further one of them as a blood test that might one day predict Breast Cancer up to 5 years before patients begin to show clinical signs another serving 50000 patients looked at predicting possible risk in Ovarian Cancer and the earlier the diagnosis the better the chance patients can be healed. I lets get more now and for that the author of that report our g. W. Science expert Derek Williams joins me in studio derek i mean its been hoped for a long time that simple effective blood tests would be available one day i mean why is it taken so long well its to a certain extent you have to understand that cancer is not cancer is not cancer every single cancer every tumor is unique even if for example in the case of Breast Cancer even if the the tumor arises from the same tissue in 2 different women it will eventually develop and mutate and turn into 2 very different diseases that will elevate biomarkers within the blood in different ways and so whats going to i think in the long term the most effective with these with this this kind of blood testing looking at biomarkers to protect to predict cancer farther down the road is batteries of biomarker so if youre looking at 101220 of them at this at the same time and then youre going to have to have a long term average in a study thats coming out later today in this conference in glasgow for example look when they were looking at a biomarker thats now used for Ovarian Cancer over 50000. 00 women they discovered that it was actually only accurate for about 10 percent of them so it only accurately predicted Ovarian Cancer around 10 percent that doesnt seem like much but thats actually quite good for a single biomarker i mean 10 percent doesnt sound entirely accurate but but there are still benefits there right now theyre big theyre big benefits the biggest benefit of course obviously is that being predictive so you know what the problem is is that now when were using imaging techniques like for example mammograms then at that point by the time youre actually able to to find the tumor its actually grown to the extent that its much more difficult to treat so were talking about it but a blood test could be predictive it could predict that before you even see anything you can see anything you know theres theres another study thats come out of this out of this conference thats that is able says its able to come up with a test is able to predict Breast Cancer up to 5 years in advance of 5 years before you can actually see it in an imaging techniques. Thats one thing the other thing is actually that its also fairly simple and its effect is so they could be used in developing countries for example in places where youre trying to weed people out because you dont have access to high tech like modern fish can be expensive as well right these blood tests when do we think we might be able to walk into our Doctors Office and get one when that in the next 10 to 20 years i would guess is theyre going to become much more standard along the way that these these powerful diagnostic tools then would be coupled together with powerful new technologies for actually treating cancer so that we might actually. Within our lifetimes come to a point where we are able to overcome that great dream of actually Beating Cancer its not that far away and these diagnostic tests are going to be playing a big role in in reaching that goal all the Early Detection there williams from science like you are changing gears now in these majestic animals here elephants produce huge amounts of something that isnt quite so much as thick were talking about poop elephant dung is used for many things from fertilizer to fuel but now a South African couple has found a new use for its as our correspondent a drink which reports. Lets him sleep is always good to see peoples reactions while preparing his stint tasty after all in the oval is no ordinary gin its flavored with elephants back. Yard is a little bit funny its a thing that was elephant dung but its its good surprisingly good. If you didnt expect so you know. What makes me relax or feel better about it is all that ill call that sterilizes whatever that was inside the down side doesnt really make a big difference to me it tastes good. Less ensley and his wife gave a special ingredient for that in south africa with the scope. And there is some danger involved a pride of lions watch this with bated breath by. The 2 former academics came up with the idea while and so far right now theyre in business. Terms of grass and leaves as love is very protective call its because the elephants they eat all the all this amazing food and they digest so little and the rest of their food is just posh right through their digestive system very quickly and ends up on the on the felt floor indeed that doesnt smell too bets. Still the park rangers are just getting used to seeing people collect elephant feces. So for you a little bit would like to garden. Yes yes this is. Where we collected about just over 3 of the size banks. And this will be. What we hope about. 4000. 00 bottles 6000. 00 bottles will have to get out of the elephant feces get washed and stripes the workshop then it gets deep engine for 24 hours just like a tieback the final product is a premium gin for more than 30 euros per bottle its a clear success for the gin distillers. Its been crazy so it was it started off as maybe we could do this is a part time thing but we really should realize if we wanted to make it successful and if we if you wanted to grow the business and it had to be a full time job so forth for 2 of us its a full time job. The spirit makers now hope that the elephant dung infused will claim a permanent place on the shelves of south Africa Stores and boxes. I personally do really like the taste and it seems a lot of people here are agreeing with me on that you just need to sort of not really think about what ingredient is in the air you know im ready to give it a try all right reminder of the top stories that were following for you at this hour germany has begun a week of celebrations marking the fall of the berlin wall 30 years ago 1 november 9th 1809 artists projected images on buildings in the capital as part of a series of events to remember the occasion. And violence has flared and she lay as thousands of people took to the streets of the capital santiago to demand an end to the economic inequality the demonstrations began last month after the government announced a hike in public transport that. This is news live from berlin up next kick off reviews match day 10 in the bundesliga dont forget of course all the latest news and Information Available around the clock on our website thats t w dot com or you can follow us on twitter at. Some call aspen thanks for watching. Because. I wrote since the holocaust in the berlin germany. And for the against down to. A devastating loss for byron and nikko colebatch his hours of. Work out class is not going to 5. 00 to 1. 00 because. More and more young people are striking to save the planet and were the people who would like to keep living on this planet and if we dont save the planet now itll be too late if thats how does a 16 year old organize a europe wide Climate Congress how does that leave time for school in france and we accompanied 3 young climate activists. Close up 60 minutes long. Dear france dear antone and heres a see if. My 3 grandchildren sleep on troubled when i was in france is ages germany was split in 2 and remain divided for decades when your mother was born in 1069 the wall was already 8 years old you know my grandchildren were born after the war fell born to find. 3 generations of one family on a journey through recent german history. Starts nov 6th on d. W