A very special fossil locality. In the cities and you could say the brawl matter is the only lower permian locality in the world well track sprints and the track makers that is skeletons basically be found in one layer. So if it is going to be a common academic consensus that no one would ever find body fossils in this kind of reddish brown fine grain of rocks. I guess some academic opinion shouldnt be written in stone. Of. Thomas martin showed the consensus to be mistaken with the help of a bone he found as a young geologist at the pro market quarry in 1974. We werent actually looking for bones for execution it happened by coincidence one from the 1st i didnt recognise it as a bone i thought it was a part of the stone just by but then i repaired this white thing and saw it as a bone as. My then teacher and professor on know him on and 5 back wrote to me. Mr martins you didnt find that here it cant be funny so theres no such thing here services. Subsequently except that it gave me a symbolic pat on my shoulder and from then onwards i came back here every year so. At the end of the 19th century a footprint left by primitive tetrapods animals which predate dinosaurs was discovered by chance on a sandstone block but it come from the quarry. This launched various excavations the discoveries were brought to the do call museum in go to or sold to museums and universities around the world. About 150 years before the bra marker footprint was unearthed finds from another part of thuringia called bad levenstein had kicked off Paleontological Research around the world. Around a is heading to that beginning the geologist of the national geo park insoles bag glycine is working his way through the corridors of an old cobalt and copper mine. Parts of the mine have been made accessible again for scientific research. This is an older excavation know all of this is old. And when is this from around 730. In the 17th thirtys discoveries were made that would change what we knew and thought about the world forever. As a few of us i know the us the this is where one of the 1st specimens of proto resource or 1st lizard was around. When that discovery was made here in 1733. 00 was particularly valuable and this is to suggest this was named after that hes been told its now in the Natural History museum of orientals and was their movie and this is a business after spencer from a friend. Was overseas who wrote her a saurus was the 1st fossilized primitive reptiles that was ever described with the deserts had that time the people knew nothing about fossils it was not yet generally understood or accepted that these were the remains of former living creatures for you back then people still thought that these shapes had grown inside the rocks by chance is a feat goons at cern to fairly soon try and give oxygen. So here we see a recently opened rock which shows us the history of this region of the great the engine flood that happened here 257000000 years ago. On top of the. Time which was laid down by the sea the year it flooded the Central European basin. I mean. The rock here below with the larger particles is the conglomerate after that we have a time period which lasted around 15000 years when this black copper slate for this. Because its. During this time to see stagnated and there was a sludge at the bottom from a poorly ventilated sea lift. This is the layer in which the remains of proto rose saurus and many other fossils can be found for the 1st. One geological period and many dramatic climate changes later primitive tetrapods left tracks in wet sand which eventually became modeled sunstone the fossilized tracks were discovered in 833. 00 in the nearby vincent cory. They were the very 1st trace fossils to be described in the history of science part of the trace fossil is on display in the museum of Natural History in the castle books noising and its arguably the most beautiful plate showing 3 crossing tracks. In the 19th century people didnt really understand how these teachers walked if you put your hand on the print you can see if its really well here. Taking the position of the tracks into account it became clear that the suppose it was actually a Little Finger if the. Well distill the researchers surmise the creatures must have walked chris. Cloyds which didnt really seem natural to us why thats why people were always very uncertain what kind of animals produced these curious tracks life on this 4th year would give us the call yourself sort them. Out from 8332851 about 20 different scientific papers were written about them it was trying to operate but we will thats how hot the topic was. The hand shaped prints led to the animals being called hand beast this remains their name to this day. One can and. We can determine the Shoulder Point and the pelvic point of the animals from their tracks and how they stepped. On which means we can estimate and reconstruct the animals proportions in addition the foot morphology can be used to determine the animal group in this case the pseudo suturing an arguer source if you will similar animals have been found to chino switzerland and south america or both methods lead you to order a phantom picture which we used as the basis for a reconstructed model that so constants on. The beast is an ancestor of crocodiles and belongs to the crown group of dinosaurs it had a fluid gait like todays mammals and dinosaurs before them. This is one of the many details contained in the tour through 300000000 years of the earths history. Found a book is a sought after expert for early amphibians and set up the Museum Exhibition like Thomas Martins and stefan bonna he stands in the great tradition of the engine fossil researchers and discovers. Google who live fun lily and down for example discovered the skeleton of a neo theropod. A carnivore from the triassic period. This ancestor of the t. Rex was named lillian channels after the discovery. Down in the museums archive the history of the earth lies tucked inside drawers a picture of the evolution of living creatures millions of years ago can be reconstructed stone for stone. And fish this is a magnificent specimen. And see it for one with frank youre sorry. You see. Some plants were swept him but the brink you sorry were the real inhabitants of the lake cities. On them on lets take a look at the larger fossilized skeletons of these still arent dinosaurs of their primitive amphibians that lived in the leg during the war to make into more sister really an epic thats why this was a young. And thats whats particularly interesting with the skeleton is that it still has its last excrement in its pelvis in the picnic. Or fossilized feces preserved with the skeleton. Well that tells us something about the circumstances under which this animal died. Nobody would enjoy getting buried in a lake by a mud flood because. Also possible to analyze what happened in that lake afterwards. With this creature maybe floating on the surface for a while it didnt skim burst. By may have some examples of that happening because of the heat and gas in the intestines caused the skin to split. And some simply did in this case the skin burst in the spine came out. Of your closet. To shield. The tetrapods living in the borough mocker site near tom de todds probably also fell victim to a mudslide 285000000 years ago a flood caused by heavy rainfall in the rancho was then close to the equator periods of drought alternated with monsoon rains back then mountains surrounded the car and a river and its pools served as watering holes for animals. And. We need a very soft medium like this mud here and it needs to be moldable. It cant be too liquid. It needs to have a plastic consistency. And we need the sun to dry it out which makes it very hard. And the wind covers it in sand and just good siri it can now stay preserved like that as a fossil for millions of years or so if the additions are right. To use the tracks found in the borough marker in the 19th century made the corrie known but the skeletons brought the sign to world famed after much of this came across the 1st bone here in 1984 he returned every year each time he discovered many fossils. In the 1980. Yes i found the 1st goal of the genius and. We knew it was a sin morea from comparing it with american literature. That was a big surprise. Because it was the 1st example of the gene is found in europe and it made this connection clear. Tried to reach out to researchers in the us which wasnt easy to do in the g. D. R. But with the help of the museum it worked. Thats how interest from america from the western world started. After the fall of the berlin wall martin managed to get one of the worlds leading vertebrate paleontologists interested in the science of david berman from the Carnegie Museum in pittsburgh pennsylvania. The 1st the most important thing is that all the things were finding here 13 different types of animal from more earth no where else in europe but they are many of them are found in states or north america which goes to prove biologically that the 2 continents are together the europe the north america were one continuous land continent. The science was under the care of the. Stein which stopped the excavation in 2010 the reason given was that there are more important priorities but a group of researchers in berlin have said they want to continue digging in the. Also because the site with its combination of tracks and track makers is unique and the skeletons are exceptionally well preserved. Researchers at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in pittsburgh have been working on extracting and cleaning the skeletons for years. They may have b. C. Is collection manager for the section of. Paleontology she is also a fossil prepared and participated in bro marker quarry excavations the discoveries at the Borough Market were important for me as a fossil prepared are because they are the best fossils i prepared in my career at the Carnegie Museum they are far exceeded in completeness preservation and also in there is a preparation other fossils that i worked on we started with her. And we were found out of. The week for every food. Up that the reason for that. He was the gap would be. To be run by people not only were we on an upright. But removed. You know. Why. Not other animal forethought this sort of the ramp like the dinosaur. Was there a small time around a source in germany 170000000 years before the 1st real t. Rex appeared on earth actually the 2 are unrelated except for that as the small one is called also walked on 2 legs it may have been the 1st to do so. Of all the discoveries weve made at the marker the one that sticks in my mind the most is the discovery of or a babys paps die and one of the reasons this was my favorite is because i was the one who discovered it and we were working in the quarry and i was sort of going into my own will never find a fossil but when i looked theres a piece of rock and underneath that with the top look theres the underside and there was an articulated foot and we didnt know what it was of at the time but we knew from the bro marker that if you found an articulated foot there was a good chance that you would have a whole skeleton. Is a close relative of the last common ancestor of mammals lizards snakes turtles crocodiles and birds that lived around 290000000 years ago shortly after vertebrates 1st came out of the water and stepped onto the shore. And this is why researchers in los on switzerland have taught paths to walk again. The interdisciplinary project is a joint effort of the institute of file logy of the Humboldt University in berlin and the coal polytechnique fed in. The biologist hope this early land can shed light on evolutionary history. The engineers hope it will help them develop robots that can save lives in emergencies. I guess one of the think the challenge is where connect to control the motors at the same time. Gracefully like 5 degrees of freedom in the lake burley. So there are very what theyre like 5 mortars in the lake and i think that was sort of challenging. To get all the degrees of freedom theres a real animal control. Theres never been a walking machine like this as 28 different motors that control the complete movement. And it was a big challenge for the robotics specialists to create this kind of natural sequence of movement. You have all these degrees of flexibility and where you have to solve problems such as hand and foot joint rotations. And in the same time we could play at various scenarios in. The robot can reproduce the tracks that the baso left behind 300000000 years ago. The world but i dont so we can now use the robot to identify what movements could create tracks like these this is and. Thats a. Professor in the uk a tourist started the project at the previous chiller. University you know he measured the bones and tracks digitized them animated them together with specialists and compared their mobility with that of living reptiles today. We found that the movement of these animals was already very well adapted to life on land thats going on which meant we had to shift our estimation of when i was active mobility on land had a vault back by 15 to 20000000 years and. Thomas martins his grandson and his successor tom who are on their way to the depot of freedom castle have prepared or obeyed back from the us. Was. Gelatin is absolutely complete as far as the most in taxes gallatin of this kind of animal in the world. It was really crazy seeing Something Like this. You can almost picture how it lives how it moved and what it saw. You can see the eye sockets in that skull. This is where the treasures of the brown marker or stored among the famous tom. 2 fossilised say moria the discovery was the 1st biological proof that europe and the us were still a super continent. Some 300000000 years ago. As if they had been saying goodbye to one another one last time before they were engulfed. Whispering they were whispering to each other. We had the idea to call them the tom box lovers and then because of the famous painting. Lowers the worlds oldest couple. In here. The demitra done thats the one with the neural spine sales which had previously only been known for north america but this part have been found in the. These are long along its lines that extend from the vertebrae here the individual for every this is what carried the neural spine so. This isnt exactly the same species but it is a demitra dog. Its a little smaller than those found in north america but hey we now know we had remember don in europe doesnt just great with one of our goals is to someday find a complete animal. In here is the you didnt this. Is the legs are so long that we think we could also run on his hind feet when he wanted to go faster than. Almost like a dinosaur although hes not one of us and we also have a posterity or part of pelvic bone in the extremities of a 2nd miss so theres that back. Hes still being prepared in the us but well get it back by the end of the year. I just finding another you missed during the next excavations is definitely one of my wishes. With pleasure im adding it to my list. In the quarry of bad tots the whole feather book and our standing and now petrified lake dating from the whole clique endorses a rally and 295000000 years ago these 2 paleontologists also have a wish list. These still exist today clam shrimp. These bluish white shells where the houses a clam shrimp which are sort of like small crabs. In the tetrapods that swam in this lake these. Moves and you can thank you theyre also small crustaceans in here too but maybe will also find some paragraph and. Theyre looking for a branch and other larger amphibians but they arent in the right layer yet the digger still needs to remove a few 1000 years of petrified time. To get the claw there now weve reached the right stratum it should be long now before the tetrapods jump out again. When its. Lunch might get to my ears are layers where you find a lot and think a lot has been preserved in the stratum one but there are others in which there are tightly packed here and we have the highest tetrapod density in the world gets flexion there are areas with up to 1500. 00 small brink of sorry per square metre of a clock its like opening a tin of sardines in that thats how packed the brink you sorry sometimes are here. So you know bunches the real munch might be. The paleontologists found about 500. 00 sorry and a large skull. Maybe a country. 1. 123. You dont see much at 1st. But you can open it with me and then you can see a bit more. And this is the inside view of the skull and there you can see the skull cap its this white bone on the other side. You can see the polity on. Wouldnt you and this is a large tooth that broke off at the base about one centimeter long. Contended move along and this is a canine of the hard palate. When you look at canine has lebron to donte an unfolding of the dentate. Which tells us this is a labyrinth a daunting to do and im so. It was all this all was about so wide and so long dozens of others relatively large to look at i think we were also able to recover other parts of the skeleton and we found the spine or some ribs are both still preserved as if there are some blocks where we dont know whats inside yet so were hoping for more finds whats going through this is something really great because we dont have such big skulls from those of you yet. Care will be able to extract this with a few months of work i propose to the skull could belong to an accomplice stoma tops 2 years ago researchers found one in. Before that only small skulls and single skeleton bones from saxony had been excavated could there soon be a complete skeleton with every new find the picture of life 295000000 years ago becomes clear in the end of his own light is that whats special here in the ring is that the wrote this is eerie and is so exposed to sloth and its a large section which is more than 3 to 4 kilometers thick if you keep the sense that the range in forest is a narrow Mountain Range so if i lifted up it which means that everything is accessible from the deepest layers of the middle to the highest parts where the broad market can be found in little tiny piece of your person tied up with a fold up at some distance and. And. I thought our. Culture. A hair. Superman. Superfood stylish dalai gone dont let those. Lifestyle during. The moment. Today im going to take you on a trip along the sex and wine rooms from trace them to myself right now why in the name of sense of. 60 fun filled kilometers i just have to come to the 2nd one move its a small a wine region but its got a lot of history and culture cheers. 60 minutes past the my. Whole. Journey and justice and freedom the 1st words moment German National anthem. And the. 3 central values that form the foundation of this Country Place of these values developed to postwar. Hard is it to live by and defend the principles of news justice and freedom in our everyday lives. Our german chancellor series starts october 21st d w. A very lively october 1st set of racial but this is not in germany