Flights took off around the world in 28 team and their number continues to climb despite all the concerns about the impact of aviation on Climate Change. Forecasts say europe alone will see air traffic increase by 42 percent in the coming decades. With less fuel and less noise the aircraft of the future needs to be more environmentally friendly. To the tip of the wing the final component of an unusual model airplane but there are new designs hes on hand hotlink steve and alexander flu virus from the unix Technical University want to make flying quieter and more environmentally friendly. Is a hybrid. It uses both batteries and jet fuel the aircraft is powered by propellers on the wings and an engine in the rear the plane uses only electrical power when taking off and landing but during the ascent and when it reaches cruising altitude it burns fuel generators at the wing tips recharge the batteries small the plane is flying. On though so long with conventional planes the propulsion system doesnt hang on to the wing but if theres a debate over it surfaced by steering the individual motors we can keep the plane on convertible axis and dont need a fin at the park are you that makes our plane very quiet during takeoff and landing and very efficient when cruising. In 2018 the munich students concept one Design Competition sponsored by nasa and the German Aerospace center in theory that the race would burn 65 percent less fuel than a conventional plane but would it also be practical to build the plane this way just how far along are engineers when it comes to designing the airplane for the future lets take a closer look at 3 different aspects of research. Recently the city air bus was presented in southern germany and air taxi powered by electric motors that initially would carry up to 4 passengers. There are already small electric powered planes out there but larger passenger planes still dont have enough batteries for engine power. And wants to change that the physicist and pilot heads the electric Aircraft Department at a german multinational the mens says he and his team are developing more powerful electric motors that could replace even larger fuel driven engines seen here or do you see a motor that only one is 50 kilograms. But as an output of 1500 newton metres of talk thats 200 kilowatts of Electricity Power density here is 5 times higher than what you usually see as a shelf. So all the time to test it. We watch a stress test of the city air bus motor the engineer simulate a flight from nuremberg to munich. The motor functions as expected even when fully loaded passenger planes with hybrid motors are expected to take this coming soon and dont think hell savings of 15 percent are possible with hybrid technology. Mine told me is my dream is that in 2035 i could buy a ticket for a hybrid electric flight from nuremberg to paris 50 of the passengers would board along with me because we all want to get from point a to point b. So it would be routine that this would teach as. How would improving aerodynamics help the equation thats what Professor Court also and his team are investigating at the German Aerospace center in brown spike today theyre testing a special prototype in the centers wind tunnel think hope alone noise aircraft will be quieter than conventional planes. Dont have to change the entire plane in the air as thats what happened here because theres this separation effect that happens when you place the turbines up and back that doesnt get rid of the sound but it generates it in a different direction it doesnt spread downwards where it bothers people instead its generated upwards into the atmosphere and thats the only way to make it work as the system. Ok lets get started. The experimental design is in place the door closes the rotors switched on in the wind tunnel the air is sped up to 200 kilometers an hour the researchers wait in the control center for the test results the data look pretty good so. The prototype is just half as loud as a conventional plane. A design incorporating forward sweeping laminar flow wings is also promising. And we once came up with designs for a competitor to the a 320. 00 that utilized this kind of technology and got fuel usage during operation by no less than 12 percent of us in the not just the top powers but during operation overall but its im sure thats what can be achieved these days with technology and its implementation is foreseeable is. The. Plastic instead of aluminum researchers here at the German Aerospace center are also experimenting with new materials carbon fiber reinforced synthetics can make planes lighter and of course lower weight equals better fuel economy at the moment the scientists believe this aspect alone could cut fuel use fire round 2 percent. So altogether the centers 3 current projects could reduce fuel use by 30 percent and thats not even half of what theyd be rated signers are aiming for. We desperately need more environmentally friendly airplanes and the sky is the limit. The situation is similar with Climate Friendly cars. The number of newly registered vehicles in august in the e. U. Shows that people still love driving cars despite traffic jams and exhaust fumes in car obsessed germany the number of vehicles continues to climb more than 3 and a half 1000000 newly registered automobiles hit the countrys roads this year alone. But driving is stressful and even normally calm people can get caught up in road rage. People who are normally mild mannered can suddenly get cranky behind the way you. Take mr klein here. A total softy at home he turns into an out of control monster in his car. Why is that. Researchers have identified a range of factors we look at 5 of the most important. Bus stop distress. Mr klein drives to work and is always a bit anxious about arriving late. Not about the noise and being cramped up in his car. And driving itself involves a lot of communication with other road users. Plus Information Processing on fine motor skills. Its a complex and very taxing activity under source of stress. If another driver is trying impatiently to overtake and tell gates mr klein he might not take kindly to it is in. Fact a number 2 uncontrollable anger. Meet mr klein wants to show whos boss theres no way now hes going to let that driver behind him pass so he stays in the fast lane just to make a point. When were feeling stressed our emotions can rapidly take control. Factor number 3 limited communication. Almost the client sees is the tailgating vehicle way too close and maybe flashing its lights. And theres no direct communication from person to person whether in words or gestures. What the driver behind is thinking or feeling is impossible to know from just looking in the rearview mirror. Mr klein sees everything from his own perspex. Under seems the worst about the annoying road user behind him. And often theres nobody else in the car to placate him. This is fact the number for all the lack of social control. Mr klein can lose his composure and rage and rant at will without having to fear any sanctions especially. The car is a special place for the driver factor 5 personal territory. For many people cars are more than a means of transportation or even a status symbol. Here mr klein feels independent empowered his own man or he can let his emotions go. Its a little home away from home and very much his own personal space. Hes like a conqueror extending his realm the further he travels around the faster he advances. But if anyone gets in his way he feels his personal space is being invaded and reacts with fury. So there are various factors behind road rage luckily many people remain well behaved at home and on the road. Wed like to know how it is for you. So we asked on facebook have you ever experienced road rage what makes you angry when you drive. David says it annoys him when people ignore stop signs or dont turn on the blinker when turning over and someone behind him haunts the 2nd the light turns green. Dragon mir is angry at people risking everyones lives to break rules for the convenience of gaining a few minutes. Reese gets mad when someone ignores a red traffic light talks on the phone behind the wheel puts on make up while driving. Back from indonesia hates riding his moped behind trucks belching out black exhaust. And marco is bothered when people drive too slowly in the fast lane and when they be by necessarily he likes to drive fast himself so we count on the fast lane being free of slow traffic. Maybe soon there will be no one behind the wheel companies all over the world are testing Autonomous Vehicles a viewer from the ugandan capital kampala sent in a question about that. How do Autonomous Cars avoid accidents. An Autonomous Vehicle constantly monitors traffic with cameras in a variety of senses its claimed they can recognise potential hazards and respond to them even better than a human driver can. Be a stereo camera to text road markings pedestrians and other road juices. Grade our senses scan the road as far as 200 metres ahead of the car. And laser scans everything in 180 degree field of view. And ultrasonic senses measure the distance to houses and the cars using sound waves that bounce back off those objects. And they also draw on the night his digital map updates from the cost sat nav system. So its pulling phone proof right. Well in fog a camera can only see as well as a human can heavy rain and snow fall also interfere with laser beams. Most of the fully Autonomous Vehicles have been on the road only in sunny california and even then theyve had a few accidents along the way. One woman who suddenly appeared out of the dark much like this was even killed by an Autonomous Car out similar accidents happen with regular vehicles as well. So driving cars will use Artificial Intelligence to learn to respond to sudden hazards the way a human would and that will take time. But theres little doubt that Autonomous Vehicles will eventually make traffic safe about 90 percent of accidents are caused by human error and those wont happen in fully Autonomous Vehicles. They cant fall asleep at the wheel dont drive under the influence of alcohol and wont become aggressive either. And. Many people complain that Autonomous Cars will make driving boring but in all likelihood passengers will find other ways to stay entertained. And help what is read write latin even if you. Do have a science question that youve always wanted answered it we happy to help out you send it to us as a video text over a smell if we answer it on the show well send you a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. You to find us online a d w dot com slash science as well as on twitter and facebook. Lightning releases huge amounts of energy in a short period of time thats what makes it so destructive it can set forests and buildings on fire. Lightning has damaged the fingers of a famous statue of christ the redeemer in rio de janeiro. One scientist is now harnessing artificial lightning to break down concrete. In what can be done with the more than 50000000. 00 tons of concrete waste that accumulate each year in germany a mineralogist of the phone of the institute for building physics has come up with an unusual answer. To this we want to decompose this used concrete into its components by shooting ultra short lightning pollsters about it then to force a lightning into the concrete we put it under water otherwise the pulse would dissipate in the air and nothing would happen. The idea was originally developed by soviet scientists back in the 1940 s. Adapted the method in order to break down waste concrete into its individual components in his lab. The decisive factor is the ultra short electrical poles he generates. And this book ive got a picture of it here 1st we get many many flashes of lightning got wander along the surface and cause extreme mechanical weakening of the material. Channel forms in the material and grows rapidly producing a pressure wave thats as powerful as a t. N. T. Explosion. Did it. And the result at 1st its a murky sludge but soon course particles grow visible. The gravel has been cleanly separated it could be used as a Building Material straight away. What about the sand thats collected at the bottom the Construction Industry needs this material to make concrete but its becoming a precious commodity. The quality of this recycled sand is as good as that of natural sand. By contrast mechanically shredded waste concrete is only suitable for use in road building the gravel and sand produced by these methods wouldnt produce sufficiently stable concrete for building houses. Are told ma hopes to change that in his lab hell show us that his lightning pulse method can cleanly remove a one euro coin thats been embedded in concrete. While at work. Weve tried it with other things diamond dealer wanted to know if his diamonds could be freed from a concrete matrix. So we embedded them waited a week until the concrete was hard and short lightning pulses out it. The diamonds came out like a dream im expecting the same with the coin. A week later the concrete block has hardened 1st the section where the coin is not to be is knocked out so it will fit in the machine. As a degree euro should be in this chunk of the market. This method could one day enable diamond hunters to extricate gender stones from rock. But this one excited to see where they will find the euro. Their it is complete and undamaged. This electrodynamic fragmentation method could also help recover valuable resources from garbage or rather from the residue left over after waste as bert whats known as slag. At this combined heat and power station folks at home a is getting slag samples to separate into their constituent components in his machine. Doesnt treasure in there about 10 percent is metals so that might not sound like a lot but germany produces 5000000 to. Hundreds of slug every year does half a 1000000 tonnes of metals like allen minium copper an iron dome put forth. Thats ok thats enough. After the waste slag has been exposed to the electrical pulses clean metal pieces come to life along with glass and ceramic samples. In a later step the materials can be sorted by machines and reuse that would reduce lag volume by half. Given the copper cells for over 4000 years of turn process for over 3000 years return it would be worth processing slike with this method the. Plans are already underway to construct a large Processing Plant the funding for the building has already been approved a property has been found now folks are told is seeking investors for a fragmentation plan to be able to process 10 tons of material per hour but it is my vision is to build an industrial scale facility to extract these valuable rule materials from slag and rice concrete. Vision of true recycling that would keep resources from being needlessly thrown away. Another valuable resource is fish many species have grown rare in the wild due to overfishing thats why more and more of the fish that lands on our plates has been farmed. The un food and Agriculture Organization says that this year pound for pound aquaculture will produce as many food fish as ocean trawlers. And thats one reason why a Research Project in switzerland is asking this question. How do fish fare in captivity they probably feel better when they have a good diet but how to tell if that is the case these are carp omnivores who need a regular supply of protein. Among other things one ready source of protein that could perhaps be used in aqua culture is duckweed. Linda children is a doctoral student at the Zurich University of applied sciences and her focus is fish welfare. Shes seeing if carp like to eat duckweed and how well they can digest it. The largest and ever the cons Water Quality and nutrition are 2 key issues for fish welfare and if theyre not getting the right kind of food they cant be doing well. So. Whether or not duck weed is good for a car can only be determined once they are dead. The researchers killed the specimens in a bucket with a sedative. What chickens pigs and cattle need to live decent lives has been established thats not the case with fish. Hence this fish welfare project in zurich. The post mortem starts with chairman taking a blood sample in order to determine the concentration of cortisol. Its a hormone released in response to stress. Then she removes the brain the gastrointestinal tract and deliver. The state for all the months because this experiment is about duck waiters food and we also remove the liver and guts if the queen were not good for the fish we would expect to find signs of malnutrition malnutrition is a common stress factor especially in fish farms we want to see what a brain looks like in a fish thats been given the wrong kind of food for a long time or alternatively if duckweed is a great idea what a well fed brain. Looks like. The researchers also want to determine whether a diet of duckweed has changed the quality of the carbs flash which is after all what we humans like to eat. But. Many people feel its extremely important that we make sure our Food Supplies are sustainable and also that we ensure the wellbeing of farm animals we conduct basic and applied research with the aim of a stablish in findings that we can export to other countries for them to use. A bit of the. Food is not the only determinant of the fish welfare another factor is population density how much space the fish have. You might think this tank is really overcrowded but its not quite that simple. So many of these theres also such a thing as too much space fish that happens for example when it allowed peer decides to claim a certain space and aggressively defends its corner against others that thats what causes a lot of education in the schools and is a source of stress for the fish the right population density varies from one species to another planet. The fish welfare project still has a lot to do as it seeks to determine what each species needs to lead a healthy and reasonably content life before ending up on our dinner plates. Thats it for this week on tomorrow today. Next time its all about plants. Well see some fascinating experiments designed to see for example whether green and growing things possess something akin to intelligence join us for that next week gone tomorrow today see them. In intelligence obsolete can we still save the world from Climate Change or do we need one revolution i mentioned. The Frankfurt Book Fair is the forum for the worlds press. In questions we meet the authors catch up on the trends and visit the festivals and special guest norway. Coming up on w. Lawyer. Culture. Hair. Superfood stylish style icon. Lifestyle youre a. Little over. 13 strong delusion. That. Play a male and im getting a look at a brand new w. From the bottom is poking its person its divisive its about topics that affect a whole lot of solution Climate Change and the return. All of the sense to check it out. And to run tony you know heres a scene here is the job as it does im sitting on the terrace in twilight its peaceful my 3 grandchildren sleep untroubled thats. When i was in the front is a german who split in 2 and remain divided for a decade by the amount of money when your mother was born in 1969 the wall was already 8 years old and you know my grandchildren who were born after the war felt born in a green unified june and im going to focus on the time of or. Choi. 3 generations of one family on a journey through recent german history. Its still peaceful and they have remained some for your sakes my grandchildren. And starts remember 6 d. W. This is the news these are our top stories violent clashes have rocked the catalog capital barcelona on the 5th day of unrest following the jailing of independence leaders the violence came after more than a half 1000000 people joined Peaceful Demonstrations and unions called for a general strike