Right now some of our scientists are getting ready to start their working day. Were going to do some Field Research and thats when we leave the village we have to take our rifles because of the polar bears you know. There are more bears unspoiled bar than people who get about 3000 you know sort of a sympathy if they attack it can be life threatening we have to be ready as limbs of heart. Research station manager apiata have skied and meteorologist marion ma to really face this sort of danger every day. Most. The research thats done here focuses on the local environment particularly the climate. More than 60 percent of the archipelago is covered by glaziers the scientists observe and record any changes in this pristine arctic environment. This data can then be applied to the north pole region and the rest of the world. Yatta and merriam have left the village and will now head out into the wild but 1st beata loads the rifle with 4 cartridges just to be on the safe side. Then the scientists move into polar bear territory there on their way to one of the measuring stations that marion looks after. These instruments measure wind speed and wind direction close to the ground marian checks to make sure that the equipment is functioning properly in this harsh environment. Meanwhile marine biologist clara hopper is packing for a trip to the arctic ocean she hopes that the weather will be good to good friends and he best know its always best to be out in the water when theres no wind and the equipment has to be lowered and raised versatile it could those as buffeted by the wind its harder to keep everything stable understood he had to hide in and so he like weather and the forecast for tomorrow looks quite good about the. Obviously treasure from long range consequence. Doctoral student car bomb. Also go along on this trip the 2 scientists are getting their testing equipment ready now so they wont have to do it on board the ship tomorrow. Theyll try to collect as many water samples as possible. When there was a temperature is just below 0 degrees celcius is a chart. Of the time this data is from yesterday and on the surface water is just around 0 and below that it drops down to minus 0. 3. The Weather Forecast turns out to be correct clear skies not much wind and a calm sea. Klara outlines the focus of their research. Vessel thats futile were studying phytoplankton the microscopic plants that grow on the Ocean Surface to find out what influences their growth and productivity and food yes thats fish these firefighters have can turn on the cornerstone of the arctic food web which provides nourishment for fish polar bears and other wildlife. In fish and we want to see how the environment and Climate Change affect these organisms its nice to see that some of the defeat of. Climate change is a major focus of a joint french and German Research facility knew all or so. Right now marion is preparing a device that will carry out measurements in the atmosphere at an altitude of up to 30 kilometers the probe is sent up 4 times a day using a weather balloon. But 1st she has to kind of brow. The probe she plugs it into a chamber that creates conditions of 100 percent humidity these atmosphere tests might seem straightforward just sending up a balloon but its not as easy as it sounds. To shoot. If you dont attach the balloon to the unwinding device properly the balloon can tear off. And if its windy the balloon will drift sideways instead of upward and the progun fun if you do so if theres a lot that can go wrong as an escape route to create new photos you can come. Next marion compares the temperature sensors on the measuring device with of the moment hers at this weather station if the data matches the probe is ready to go and the information that it puts out can be used by Weather Forecasters worldwide. Meanwhile clodhopper is preparing a water collection container. She and her colleagues use a steel cable to lower the device which will take water samples of various depths. Clara is particularly interested in finding samples of plankton also called micro algae. As soon as they bring the container back up they start analyzing its contents. Its a good thing that they prepare the individual files in advance because its cold out here. At the moment thats being at the end of the day with freezing. By. They put up with the weather because the study of micro provides crucial data. Required we believe in god but if these organisms produce about how off the oxygen and they have atmosphere and is well you know every 2nd breath that we take and. Also absolutely a lot of Carbon Dioxide its by. Carbon dioxide contributes to Climate Change. Back at the Research Facility marion is getting ready to fill how weather balloon with helium. Shes done this hundreds of times but she still gets a kick out of it. The plane is made of highly elastic rubber it will have to withstand enormous fuck you ations an air pressure as it rises through the atmosphere. All set. Its essential to make sure that the measuring device isnt damaged during takeoff. Looks good so far. Start off with the balloons going straight up because theres not much wind. So long it will just disappear into the clouds. As the balloon moves towards a target down to toot of about 30 kilometers the device attached to it sends back data including Temperature Humidity and air pressure. But the scientists are doing much more than just measuring weather conditions theyre also studying Climate Change. And how it affects the environment and analyzing the interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere. How do the Component Parts of the earths ecosystem Work Together and how are they being altered by Global Warming its a huge task but the research is here at spitzbergen are up to it. Klara well trying to estimate the total amount of microbes in this part of the ocean each spring when the organisms are multiplying on a massive scale. Only experts can spot the algae and this tupolev melky water. Going oh yes and by the right now were at the height of the spring algal blooms thats when they grow quickly and they biomass is that its peak appears to be your muscle harmed by it right when trees on land turn green all at once. So its been like this with 2 or 3 weeks now and itll probably start dropping off next week you know to get them as they are that we were here we completely missed the spring bloom just like i see water to us my students didnt believe that there was any such thing as a pollutant so were always happy when we catch it in time out from as and all that was the ocean. But what if the water gets rough out here. You can get miles of ocean ok ive never been seasick as a kid i have a very sturdy stomach and what happened yesterday when im down in the antarctic with 13 metre waves i think its great that as well such. The sea is pretty calm today and thats good news for the crew. Marian checks in on her weather balloon. This is all so far its looking good for the probe is sending back data to the balloon has now reached an altitude of 12 kilometers and i assume that it will continue to fly and transmit it. By the end then she keeps an eye on the balloon as it rises. You know others on this its already reached the stratosphere the temperature is warmer there because of the layer of ozone molecules. In temperatures now minus 42. 00 degrees celsius which is fairly warm so in winter the temperatures can drop to minus 80 but were meters so in the stratosphere its already summer. Most titles of the minus 2. Thats confirmed by the data. Really here comes wasnt that its essential for us to take measurements that are highly accurate and properly calibrated. That data is not just used for Weather Forecasts but its also a key part of our Climate Research and despite major trends in the climate we have to use data thats reliable and verifiable before but. During the winter about 30 people live in early sun most of the most scientists from all over the world the population increases to more than 100 in summer. With station manager pure water could be chefs he talks to mary and about current weather conditions since a lot of their research is conducted outside. We asked her about the worst weather shes seen in. And the most extreme case was when we had rain one winter it was january and here we were at 80 Degrees North latitude inside the Arctic Circle and it was raining. And. What was that like. It was like experiencing Global Warming by the live. These 3 scientists from the french German Research station also studying the effects of Global Warming today they headed out to conduct experiments on. The board 3 are microbiologists bed while back painter alex holland and rose later. You wouldnt expect to see people travelling by bicycle in the arctic but the research is can you snowmobiles right now the snow is melting and its too soft. Rose is not happy about that climb straight in that we can use this name a bell because it makes it easy to corrupt. However we do have alternatives and their bikes are completely clear so we can use bikes to get up we can use an electric car as we cant use any. 3 fear of contamination it does take more time but you have to be flexible and to condition and. Tracks ability is also an important part of merion matterless job because much of her work depends on the weather today she was shuttle to replace a radiation measuring device thats not going to happen. I dont want to ruin my measurements by leaving footprints we not only measure thermal. Radiation also reflected radiation which tells us a lot about soil conditions affect you know we flex a lot of light but not when it starts to melt weve done a lot of tests on the annual farmyard schmidts and a moment in tovia snow is melting right now and footprints reproduce a darker pattern on the ground and that includes says the radiation measurements condoms misnomer today he can start by and for those so that im not going to replace the device today just he may wait until the snow is completely gone and the. Pick of. The over the past few years weve noticed that the thought has been starting earlier lauders old it can either just keep thats an obvious indication of Climate Change and we can see it right here come on you. Have been working at this research station for nearly 20 years or until now you notice these changes are in the offices thats a major cause for concern its very sad and wished him. A while ben was getting ready to take some snow samples. The temperature is 3 degrees above freezing thats 10 degrees celsius higher than normal. But why is collecting samples of microorganisms hes wearing special clothing so that he doesnt contaminate the snow this is a key part of the scientists research. That particularly interested in finding out what sorts of single celled organisms are present in the snow thats fallen here. Rose keeps an eye out for the bass that. Tough to spot against the snowy background. Later back in the laboratory the snow is melted the some poles are sorted numbered and packed in boxes but whats so important about these samples from spitzbergen that marker just as easily have collected some snow in the french alps. See if its possible in this part of the arctic offer the warming trend is much stronger than it is in the rest of europe and walked on and we have the data to prove that so spitzbergen provides an excellent environment for us to study the effects of Climate Change and we can see those objects more clearly here than elsewhere. Whats more we can take measurements that are more accurate because there arent a lot of people here this is from the original more cyclical formal its a pristine environment and that will help us to study the snow content even more effectively with it where there were comes from for this phenomena. If you aunts glaziers and mountains create a unique look are a tree where scientists can study the effects of human activity on the same bar amount. Here klara harper and chloroform are analyzing the water samples that they took yesterday clara really enjoys this part of her research. If im human its always exciting to look at things under the microscope. Theres containers of water dont seem very interesting at 1st but then you run the water through the filter sit down and take a closer look it is there are lots of really beautiful shapes. And i really enjoy this work. There. Of course theres a serious side to this research the scientists are studying the impact that humans have on the environment. Right now marion is on her way to the local air filter to carry out some tests. These high powered radio telescopes gather data from space now the researchers are going to launch a drone thats full of sensitive sensors that measure weather conditions of the drone data it will supplement the information thats gathered by marians balloon device. And says that shes impressed with this kind of technology. This is great i think its exciting and all of our researchers contribute Something Different to these projects and thats fake we all Work Together and i think thats wonderful because with. The marine biologists are an important part of the team because their research on time tom grows plays an Important Role in determining the effects of Climate Change on the environment. The 2 researchers often spend 12 hours or more every day and all of our training. This time of year theres plenty of daylight. Explains the significance of our work. So i mean for the only thing on one hand were trying to understand how Climate Change affects micro and one year from now a days he could also be applied to other areas like the north sea. But at the same time its important to remember that major european fishing grounds on moving north in. So if there are big changes in the ecosystem and it can no longer provide a proper environment for fish its going to affect all of us. The researchers here on spitsbergen to trying to predict what those effects might be some of the changes in the local environment may later expand to include other parts of the earth. Ski the head of the research station is well aware of the situation. Hes worked here longer than anyone else often under difficult conditions. From familiar point i missed my family and my friends from continent i also missed seeing trees and plants. The landscape is beautiful of course of this with them but theres not a lot of vegetation. Be so if youve got some of them. Knew all or certain boasts the worlds northernmost post office its a remote region but marian says that the scientists who come from 11 Different Countries have created their own community here. These american researchers are testing a captive balloon that collects weather data barry and of course takes an active interest in their work. Badly to share information because they understand that everyone here has to Work Together to solve scientific problems in. The researches dont need high tech equipment to tell them that the a new. Thought is under way they can see for themselves. This year the snow and i started to melt early and far too quickly. For decades marian has been collecting data that indicates that Global Warming is progressing rapidly. Since its. Weve been observing these phenomenon for the last 20 years this graph shows the average and more temperature here which has risen at a rate of about 1. 00 degrees celsius per decade and almost 6 not because thats a much larger increase than weve seen for the rest of the world by. The earths average temperature has risen by about one degree celsius over 100 years but here on spitsbergen the increase was 1. 6 degrees in just 10 years. The arctic region is warming up faster than anywhere else in the world. Here in new all or soon the worlds northernmost Research Facility scientists Work Together to analyze the changes that are taking place in the earths environment. At the end of the day they often get together to enjoy the midnight sun and forget about work for a while. 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Where i come from roggio remains an important new soft transmitting a new stand for mish and when i was young my country was in drawing many conflicts the war problem of people from most people would cause them. To see if. It was my job to tour in one of the lot of just projects sites so as not everyone in the College Coach listened to those at games. Letting cars in france admired no longer enjoy one thing more designed so long even though its not the i pod to us i was a twit of. My choice to be scottish because given the way told transmitted to the troops. When in the gulf ma mitch and i will. Keep up. This is the news live from berlin syrias kurds strike a deal to fight off a turkish offensive the kurds say theyve made concessions to syrias government to help them stop turkeys military and battles now that is the kurds former allies the u. S. Withdrawal from the conflict zone also the leaders of germany and france urging turkey to end its offensive in syria theyre part of a growing International Campaign pressuring on the road to change course but can they also coming up