Right now some of our scientists are getting ready to start their working day. But you know were going to do some field research. And thats when we leave the village we have to take our rifles in because of the polar bears. Here there are more bears on fall apart than people who get about 3000 of their sort of ascent to fit if they have tack it can be life threatening we have to be ready as. Our. Research station manager have skied and meteorologist marion ma to really face this sort of danger every day. Most of the research thats done here focuses on the local environment particularly the climate. More than 60 percent of the archipelago is covered by glaziers the scientists observe and record any changes in this pristine arctic environment. This data can then be applied to the north pole region and the rest of the world. Shorter and merriam have left the village and will now head out into the wild but 1st if you want to load the rifle with 4 cartridges just to be on the safe side. Then the scientists move into polar bear territory there on their way to one of the measuring stations that marion looks after. These instruments measure wind speed and wind direction close to the ground marian checks to make sure that the equipment is functioning properly and this harsh environment. Meanwhile marine biologist is packing for a trip to the arctic ocean she hopes that the weather will be good so would fun for an inch to the best its always best to be out in the water when theres no wind and the equipment has to be lowered and raised versus. If the those is buffeted by the wind its harder to keep everything stay but this to get to heighten and so here we like calm weather and the forecast for tomorrow looks quite good about the. Substance better from all and you can scoop out. Doctoral student clouds. Also go along on this trip the 2 scientists are getting their testing equipment ready now so they wont have to do it on board the ship tomorrow. Theyll try to collect as many water samples as possible. When there was a temperature is just below 0 degrees celcius is a chart. Of how to find this data as from yesterday. The surface water is just around 0 or. Below that it drops down to minus 0. 3. The Weather Forecast turns out to be correct clear skies not much wind and a calm sea. Klara outlines the focus of their research. As if thats futile were studying phytoplankton the microscopic plants that grow on the Ocean Surface to find out what influences their growth and productivity and for the earths that speech these firefighters have planted on other cornerstone of the arctic food web which provides nourishment for fish polar bears and other wildlife on efficient we want to see how the environment and Climate Change affect these organisms thats business in lets go for the. Climate change is a major focus of a joint french and German Research facility at new all or soon. Right now marion is preparing a device that will carry out measurements in the atmosphere at an altitude of up to 30 kilometers the probe is sent up 4 times a day using a weather balloon. But 1st she has to. How to break the probe she plugs it into a chamber that creates conditions of 100 percent humidity these atmosphere tests might seem straightforward just sending up a balloon but its not as easy as it sounds. To shoot. If you dont attach the balloon to the on the winding device properly the balloon can tear off. And if its windy the balloon will drift sideways and stead of upward and the progress in front of you do so if theres a lot that can go wrong as a descriptor to produce those who come. Next marion compares the temperature sensors on the measuring device with of the moment is at this weather station if the data matches the probe is ready to go and the information that it puts out can be used by Weather Forecasters worldwide. Meanwhile clodhopper is preparing a water collection container. She and her colleagues uses steel cable to lower the device which will take water samples at various depths. Clara is particularly interested in finding samples of plants and also called micro algae. As soon as they bring the container back up they start analyzing its contents. Its a good thing that they prepare the individual files in advance because its cold out here. Its a very rare this thing at the end of the day with freezing. They put up with the weather because the study of micro provides crucial data. Required we didnt follow what these organisms produce about healthy oxygen and they have atmosphere that is well you know every 2nd breath that we take and if you see also absolutely a lot of Carbon Dioxide its 5. Carbon dioxide contributes to Climate Change. Back at the Research Facility marion is getting ready to fill how weather balloon with helium. Shes done theres hundreds of times but she still gets a kick out of it. The room is made of highly elastic rubber it will have to withstand enormous fuck to asians in air pressure as it rises through the atmosphere. All set. Its essential to make sure all that the measuring device isnt damaged during takeoff. And it looks good so far. Off the balloons going straight up because theres not much wind. On so long it will just disappear into the clouds. As the balloon moves towards a target down to each unit of about 30 kilometers the device attached to it sends back data including Temperature Humidity and air pressure. But the scientists are doing much more than just measuring weather conditions theyre also studying climate. Change and how it affects the environment and analyzing the interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere. How do the Component Parts of the ecosystem Work Together and how are they being altered by Global Warming its a huge task but the researchers here at spitzbergen are up to it. As. Well trying to estimate the total amount of microbes in this part of the ocean its spring now and the organisms are multiplying on a massive scale. Only experts can spot the algae and their stupid fall of murky water. Going oh yes and right now were at the height of the spring algal blooms thats when they grow quickly and they biomass is at its peak is to be your muscle but its right when trees on land turn green all at once. And its been like this with 2 or 3 weeks now and itll probably start dropping off next week you know it. The 1st year that we were here we completely missed the spring blend it just like i think water to us my students didnt believe that there was any such thing as a balloon so were always happy when we catch it in time now and as and were all there with the ocean. But what if the water gets rough out here. You can get by as a voter here ive never been seasick as a kid i have a very sturdy stomach it has happened when im down in the antarctic with 13 metre waves i think its great it just was that. The sea is pretty calm today and thats good news for the crew. Mari and check same on her weather balloon. Says it is also far its looking good for the probe is sending back data and the balloon has now reached an altitude of 12 kilometers and i assume that it will continue to fly and transmit it. By day and then she keeps an eye on the balloon as it rises. If i was on this its already reached the stratosphere the temperature is warmer there because of the layer of ozone molecules. Temperature is now minus 42. 00 degrees celsius which is fairly warm shawl in winter the temperatures can drop to minus 80 but you want your meals so in the stratosphere its already summer which totals fearful of so much. Thats confirmed by the data. Really wasnt there its essential for us to take measurements that are highly accurate and properly calibrated we know that all that data is not just used for Weather Forecasts but its also a key part of our Climate Research and despite major trends in the climate we have to use data thats reliable and verifiable but. During the winter about 30 people live in early sun most of them are scientists from all over the world the population increases to more than 100 in summer. With station manager plotter could be shabbes he talks to mary in about current weather conditions since a lot of their research is conducted outside. We asked her about the worst weather she says. The most extreme case was when we had rain one winter it was january and here we were at 80 Degrees North latitude inside the Arctic Circle and it was raining. And. What was that like. It was like experiencing Global Warming while the wife. These 3 scientists from the french German Research station are also studying the effects of Global Warming today theyre headed out to conduct experiments on snow. The ball 3 are microbiologists bed while back into alex holland and rose later. You wouldnt expect to see people travelling by bicycle in the arctic but the research is can you snowmobiles right now the snow is melting and its too soft. Rose is not happy about that climbers trait and that we cant use this name repair because it makes it easy to. Either we do have alternatives and their bikes happen politically as if we can use bikes to get up we can use an electric car as we can use any. Time through fear of contamination it does take more time that you have to be flexible to conditions. Civility is also an important part of matter and matter really is job because much of her work depends on the weather today she was shuttle to replace a radiation measuring device but thats not going to happen. I dont want to ruin my measurements by leaving footprints we not only measured. More radiation but also reflected radiation which tells us a lot about soil conditions affect you know reflects a lot of light but not when it starts to melt weve done a lot of tests on the annual farmyard schmidts and a moment im told that the snow is melting right now and footprints reproduce a darker pattern on the ground and that influences the radiation measurements. Misnomer today he can start by and for those who have him so that im not going to replace the device today just female wait until the snow is completely gone. Because were working in that i think the over the past few years weve noticed that the thaw has been starting earlier loud avoid the closet just keep thats an obvious indication of Climate Change and we can see it right here come on in who Police Believe ive been working at this research station for nearly 20 years or notice these changes are in the offices thats a major cause for concern its very sad and tall wished him. Meanwhile ben was getting ready to take some snow samples. That. The temperature is 3 degrees above freezing thats 10 degrees celsius higher than normal for a. While is collecting samples of microorganisms is wearing special clothing so that it doesnt contaminate the snow this is a key part of the scientists research. That particularly interested in finding out what sorts of single celled organisms are present in the snow thats falling here. Rose keeps an eye out for polar bass. That tough to spot against the snowy background. If. Later back in the laboratory the snow is melted list some poles are sorted numbered and packed in boxes. But whats so important about these samples from spitzbergen that mark could just as easily have collected some snow in the french alps. Its all poor people in this part of the arctic offer the warming trend is much stronger than it is in the rest of europe and welcome and we have the data to prove that so spitzbergen provides an excellent environment for us to study the effects of Climate Change or something and we can see those objects more clearly here than elsewhere. They feel its more we can take measurements that are more accurate because there arent a lot of people here thats one of ours more sickly perform all its a pristine environment. And that will help us to study the snow content even more effectively cope with it. For this phenomena. If you want great years and mountains create a unique look are a tree where scientists can study the effects of human activity on the earths environment. Here clara harper and chloroform are analyzing the water samples that they took yesterday kyra really enjoys this part of her research. If i may you moment its always exciting to look at things under the microscope. Theres containers of water dont seem very interesting at 1st but then you run the water through the filters sit down and take a closer look and there are lots of really beautiful shapes. And i really enjoy this lack. There. Of course theres a serious side to this research the scientists are studying the impact that humans have on the environment. Right now marion is on her way to the local air filter to carry out some tests. These hype. Powered radio telescopes gather data from space now the researchers are going to launch a drone thats full of sensitive sensors that measure weather conditions of the drone data it will supplement the information thats gathered by marians balloon device. And says that shes impressed with this kind of technology. This is for the its great i think its exciting and all of our researchers contribute Something Different to these projects in a space we all Work Together and i think thats wonderful cause i do this with an idea of. The marine biologists are an important part of the team in their research on trying tom growth plays an Important Role in determining the effects of Climate Change on the environment. The 2 researchers often spend 12 hours or more every day and all of our training. This time of year theres plenty of daylight klara explains the significance of our work. So i know for the only thing up on one hand were trying to understand how Climate Change affects micro and not what you feel now adays he could also be applied to other areas like the north sea. But at the same time its important to remember that major european fishing grounds are moving north in. So if there are big changes in the ecosystem and it can no longer provide a proper environment for fish its going to affect all of us of. The researchers here on spitsbergen to trying to predict what those effects might be some of the changes in the local environment later expand to include other parts of the earth. Ski the head of the research station is well aware of the situation. Hes worked here longer than anyone else often under difficult conditions. Mr familia i miss my family and my friends incontinent i also miss seeing trees and plants. The landscape is beautiful of course of the miss them but theres not a lot of vegetation. Me so if youve got sort of. New all a certain boasts the worlds northernmost post office its a remote region but marian says that the scientists who come from 11 Different Countries have created their own community here. Can. These american researches that testing a captive balloon their collects weather data barren of course takes an active interest in their work. Battery to share information because they understand that everyone here has to Work Together to solve scientific problems like. The researches dont need high tech equipment to tell them that the annual phone is on the way they can see for themselves. This year the snow and i started to melt early and far too quickly. For decades marion has been collecting data that indicates that Global Warming is progressing rapidly. Since kids here have elmo weve been observing these phenomenon for the last 20 years so this graph shows the average and more temperature here which has risen at a rate of about 1. 00 degrees celsius per decade and almost 6 out poor because thats a much larger increase than weve seen for the rest of the world. For. The earths average temperature has risen by about one degree celsius over 100 years but here on spitsbergen the increase was 1. 6 degrees in just 10 years. The arctic region is warming up faster than anywhere else in the world. Here in new orleans soon the worlds northernmost Research Facility scientists Work Together to analyze the changes that are taking place in the earth environment. At the end of the day they often get together to enjoy the midnight sun and forget about work for a while. These scientists are committed to their various projects because they are concerned about the future of the planet. They carry out their work in the snowy world in us. In the atmosphere. And in the ice cold waters of the arctic ocean. Cheers please. Which was this camera takes the phrase moderately. M m m l such as come up with a few other surprises. As Brendan Berry loves to take photos with the new small camera the best. For social change the movement is like it was a every country. For Women Artists from around the world fighting against violence and aggression and for womens rights. For stories of courage and success. Little stuff when it comes up when. 75 minutes on. Its all happening. Of it. Nor link to choose from africa and the world. Your link to inception stories and discussions hello and welcome to do such a Clean Program tonight from funnies emanate from the news of these events and while its a debit comes the traffic come join us on facebook at g. W. Africa. After the fall of the berlin wall not the midnight double. This is to give you news law from berlin turkey wraps up its offensive in Northern Syria claiming its captured a key border town. As turkish troops intensify their own bartman of Kurdish Militia the e. U. And washington call for an end to the offensive death toll is rising and thousands of civilians in syria are fleeing in a desperate attempt to find safety. Japans capital tokyo cleans up after rain and winds from typhoon haiyan this