Catastrophic impact of unchecked Climate Change is the biggest challenge facing human time today 10 years ago the topic was barely on the radar. Jakarta the capital of indonesia with some 10000000 residents its the largest city in Southeast Asia around 30000000 people live in the metropolitan area making it the 2nd largest urban conglomeration in the world. And the fish markets are located in North Jakarta the scent of the ocean lies in the air mixing with the odors of the city. Just a few kilometers from the city center the problems confronting this tropical metropolis become apparent residents struggle with. Heat heavy traffic pollution population density and poor hygenic conditions and with increasing frequency flooding. The slum district of data is located near the airport its 5000 residents used to live near the sea but these days it almost looks like they live in it. He calls them are no has lived in since the 1970 s. He and his neighbors have watched the rising sea level with concern. At least once a month in the flooding reaches his knees. Sometimes the water remains 2 days sometimes a week you know. It felt here for the 1st time around the year 2000. First it was just a few centimeters. Since 2010 the flooding has been getting higher and higher but its never been as bad as it is now. In jakarta the districts closest to the coast face the biggest problems poor neighborhoods like data will be among the 1st to me complete relocation. Use the slums most at risk are situated along a wide corridor that snakes through the city says urban planner Marco Cousteau my view jaya. Floods and most all only the coastal areas of the floods i actually. Still upstream see in the city center of chicago 15 year from my office. Is director of the rue jack center for urban studies which searches for solutions for climate related problems right now their focus is the depletion of groundwater from the area the declining water table has even more serious consequences than rising sea levels. Its causing the ground to sink and large parts of the city with it it can get most of the you know america model because i want to be able to guard the sea level rises. At between 4 to 6 millimeters when your butt was used at the london. Subsiding by. 320 sente meet. In february 2013 nearly half of jakarta was underwater. Scenes like this are likely to become increasingly common. Ocean levels continue to rise the land is collapsing and heavy rains are becoming more frequent. About one 3rd of jakarta is currently below sea Level Environmental problems are causing a growing number of people to flee the city but most want to remain or have no other choice in an effort to protect the capital the government has begun building a seawall. But only 6 of the plan 50 kilometers have been built. And even their water is finding its way through its becoming clear that everything located directly on the water will one day fall victim to it like this mosque. The bacteria is actually. Neighborhoods will be flooded because rich neighborhood have raised them so you know but exactly because they have raised their good all so the water. Will actually flow sort of being poor neighborhood. Poor districts located along one of jakartas 13 rivers often stay submerged for weeks when the floodwaters rise. Areas near the chilly one river are most at risk like this low income district by the chilly one tributary tom call situated just 400 meters from the ocean the drivers housekeepers fishermen construction workers and such that live here all face Climate Change related risks this estimates that 65 percent of the place in the middle be directly. Affected by sed which is a lot of people 65 percent of 300. 00. 1000000 is 170000000 people in. An island nation and 6000 islands that. Would be destroyed if they came up with figures of 1x4w40w because the people and those. Effects of landslides. 14000000 people that are paying for. And those involved may have to leave their homes. In the belief that. Indonesia is prone to a variety of natural disasters from cyclons to mudslides flooding to drought but there is one place that has that risk of all of these the island of java. And its here that one of the worlds most densely Populated Areas is located jakarta. The citys infamous traffic jams last almost until midnight only to resume again at dawn. More than 3500000 people commute into the city every day. Just 100 kilometers southeast the bustle of jakarta is a distant memory. Chip in your district is situated at the foot of to an active volcanoes. Its one of jobs most fertile farming regions. But. The rice vegetables and Fruit Growing here help feed the countrys capital the village of surrounding is accessible only by motorbike or on foot. To do wrong he runs a small Coffee Plantation here like his father and grandfather he has a farm or. Coffee used to be a safe crop choice it fetched a better price than vegetables and was hardier than reiss. But thats changing. When i was younger all farmers would plant during rainy season so january february and march. And then everyone would harvest during dry season. But now my colleagues and i are desperate. Because its often dry in the rainy season and in the dry season it rains. We are paying the price for Climate Change our harvests dropped massively by about 60 percent. Nearly half of local farmers have given up theyve moved to other parts of indonesia or left the country altogether. Some have become construction workers in saudi arabia but due to ronny doesnt want to join them. Yet the attack on. I cant imagine doing anything else. But i will stay here as long as possible but im a farmer thats who i am. Im going to try to somehow adapt to Climate Change if its too dry when its time to plant for example ill just wait. These mountainous regions dont just supply food to the cities their forests also help store rainwater but extreme weather conditions are growing increasingly common here and still forests are falling victim to logging leaving rainwater to flow unhindered into the valley sometimes the water sweeps away everything in its path. Mudslides have had fatal consequences these images states from 20172018. Special climate envoy veto law says that by mid century Climate Change will have forced 40000000 people to flee their homes in indonesia alone farmers who can no longer till their fields slum dwellers whose 10 rooftops have sunk into the sea. Most experts agree that its the worlds coldest regions that have become the cauldron for Climate Change these are the arctic the antarctic alaska and much of the permafrost of russia. Trained as a mathematician. But his father sergei is lifelong commitment inspired nikita to change course. Now like his father he has dedicated his life to preserving russias permafrost. Hes come to the collimator river in northeastern siberia an 8 hour flight from moscow to gather evidence that the promise frost is vanishing. The ground has warmed up to 3 degrees celsius causing the top layer of the ice to melt. One side effect is that more and more rare fossils are surfacing. For paleontologists this would be a treasure trove a field of riches from the distant pleistocene epoch. Think of the. Moments where it. Not the biggest one but it was safe. 20 so here was in the forces and because this thing here was huge and there never was quick your mama and there were 4000 years and all over it here on the square kilometer maui around 600 kids going to things so every once in a while there. All along the soil is a road sliding into the river as a consequence of the melting permafrost. Nikitas him off calls plants like these zombies because the soil in which they are growing was barren for 40000 years. This vegetation will also soon end up in the river the big. Changes taking place here could soon be a reality across wide expanses of russia. And it could also have a dramatic impact on the Global Climate and mass migration of peoples for there is an immense amount of biomass still trapped within the palm of frost. If that trapped c o 2 in methane were to be released into the atmosphere the pace of Climate Change would increase dramatically. So theres a group of grasses which grew here maybe i dont 40000 years ago and then prove that this is a huge storage of carbon and think obviously the roots and put them on the one side of the balance and on the other side of the balance point although bargirl vegetation of the point of the way school trees and shrubs of the good you will see that they started but it was weak more. And the bill for us will start to be great everywhere all these will become of will for microbes to eat and they will very soon a little to Greenhouse Gases. Thats ice pure ice out there and you see well this ice is melting the water is mixing with this soil and creating this month full of children down the top and they get additions have been very rapidly here so its a combination of both a lot of carbon and also fight and thats a give you a very rapid carbon but for every problem that will be happening with the Global Warming worldwide we see this thing will be a problem before it so even through it and see if its going to be bad somewhere to turn very bad so if there is a week to stop that from happening like we need to apply that because if not you know. You can write any apocalyptic scenarios you want and probably most of them will come true. Its breakfast time in nikitas the mass guest house. Interest in permafrost has soared over the past decade so now the guest rooms here at the station are usually booked year round with researchers from all over the world. This is the group from Oxford University here to study the transformation is currently underway in what used to be frozen earth. During the soviet era this enormous satellite used to broadcast Television Programming from moscow. Offs turned the station into a home base for scientists from around the world. Yeah well so the data that has been collected in siberia and across russias far east are alarming normally the vegetation binds Greenhouse Gases in the summer and only releases very small amounts back into the atmosphere in winter. So out here you can see that. Here one of which is. All good of course but for the past few years the permafrost thats thawing more and more in the summer is releasing ever increasing amounts of methane and c o 2 during the winter