A weapon in the geopolitical game and if they dont have the desired effect the next step could be military action but our sanctions useful do they work thats what were looking at today in terms of 14 russia occupy than an x. The Crimean Peninsula in contravention of International Law thus further destabilizing ukraine country that is regarded as a partner by the European Union so the e. U. Imposed economic sanctions against russia in response they may not have prompted Vladimir Putin to change his ways but they have affected businesses on both sides and as it turns out not always for the worse while some european exporters i heard saying production in certain sectors in russia is flourishing apparently as a direct consequence its complicated. Dairy farming in russia. Engineering companies in germany. And the military conflict in ukraine how are these 3 connected. This Engineering Company in eastern germany makes ultrasonic cleaning machines there in demand worldwide Good Business for the manufacturer and its export agent for decades the export agent has had close trading ties with russia. Here in eastern germany weve always had a head start on the russian market they trusted us and relations generally were good the chemistry between supply and customer was good and we benefited from that in the past it really helped us but unfortunately its no longer working for us. Geopolitics got in the way the ukraine revolution russias annexation of crimea and the war in eastern ukraine. The European Union responded by imposing economic sanctions on russia including a ban on the export of military goods a major problem for the german cleaning Machine Company the sonic. Machines in all our machines have dual use capability that means they can be used for peaceful purposes but they can also be used for military purposes thats the problem with our equipment. So the company has foregone business with russia worth 300000 euros its also frustrating if it is sonics export agent. Were being replaced by suppliers from other countries especially china taiwan south korea and japan weve been to russia many times and we see theyre still getting machines were clearly being replaced. Russia responded with counter sanctions it banned e. U. Food imports french cheese german sausage all vanished from russian supermarket shelves they were replaced with domestic products a bonanza for the countrys Agricultural Industry russias Largest Dairy conglomerate eco neither turns out 2200. 00 tons of milk every day their output has more than tripled since the e. U. Imposed sanctions on russia. The. State is taking on a powerful stimulus role it subsidizes various agricultural sectors milk production sugar beet cultivation and many others besides and it subsidizes loans to invest in machinery and livestock. Modern machinery has boosted production and opened up new Business Opportunities eco neiva used to only sell milk now it also produces fear yogurt and cheese the company has taken on an extra 10000. 00 workers to. I hope with the expansion. Of the queue to go every day youve got a new task. That helps you to improve yourselves and to Grow Together with the company. Back in eastern germany our export agent hans van or has now joined forces with other companies to lobby the government they want the sanctions on russia to be eased so they can start trading again. Its about finding ways and means of protecting our economic interests worldwide. Its not just russia this applies to other countries as well. We have to try as europeans to get along with countries that dont have the kind of democracy that we have. Hands down or has ambitious plans given that he cant explore to russia anymore the plan now this is simply manufacture machines in russia together with a Business Partner we. Think should start taking shape by the end of the year at the latest that we found aside in garments of support over there thats our goal for now. And russias eco neiva dairy it also has ambitious plans it intends to triple production again over the coming years and starting in october the company will be supplying milk to china. As children we all have received punishment in one form or another Corporal Punishment was allowed in german schools until 973 i remember being at the receiving end of slaps and flying pieces of chalk more than once today that is a thing of the past and here in germany parents also have to find different ways to punish the unruly children they may withhold treats or other benefits from kids to teach them a lesson what about adults who want other adults to improve their behavior and what about entire countries. What our sanction. Grounded for a. No cell phone that ice cream get some parents think the punishment will change their offsprings behavior cure them of say skipping school always being late. Never tidying their rooms. But does it work child psychologists tend to say not really because such sanctions trigger in comprehension and fury rarely a billions. Off and theres no connection between misdeed and punishment so it feels arbitrary or consequences arent systematically enforced or theres too much of a delay as an exercise in power imposing sanctions hurts and humiliates the target it rarely leads to accepting responsibility or a change in behavior thats with kids what about sanctioning states when one country or International Bodies such as the European Union impose economic sanctions to try to force a change of behavior in another country trade in goods and services is cut tailed the scope can vary targets can be Individuals Companies or state bodies assets in Foreign Bank Accounts are often frozen travel also curtailed that hits the economy of the sanctions country and the population as a whole who often already poor and facing shortages so do sanctions fulfill their purpose its rarely easy to say some argue that those imposed on russia venezuela and cuba are not nearly as effective as intended by contrast its often said that trade on financial sanctions on south africa contributed to the end of the Apartheid Regime and the transition to democracy in 1904. So our sanctions a bad idea are not should they never be imposed its argued that they prevented wars and that its important to push back against bad actors without resorting to military means but sanctions need to be smart the entities imposing them need to remain alert and responsive and they should never close the door on dialogue with a target country. That might not sound as bad but tariffs nothing else than economic sanctions donald trump has been busy slapping tariffs on chinese goods recently and of course china is slapping back it is far from clear which side is hurting more and what a resolution of the conflict might look like trump is still pondering imposing tariffs on european cars as well when if ever our tariffs a good idea in order to assure free trade or create an advantage our reporter christiane puts alias met a prominent us executive working for Us Multinational here in germany who speaks like a true diplomat. Its 7 in the morning at a United ParcelService Distribution center in germany u. P. S. s the words lodges Package Delivery company more than half the packages are sent by kompany is not a private individuals im here to meet frank spartan are you the head of u. P. S. Germany that has a workforce of 20000 but most are also delivering packages. So mr spock to laurie and how far is dependent on the spirit of liberal markets. Well u. P. S. Is a company that lives for and from global trade right somewhere in favor of anything that will help create a fair free Global Market and our customers depend on us to be able to deliver their products all over the world and the best way to be able to do that is to have few trade barriers. Transporter larry is also president of the American Chamber of commerce and rommany a lobby group that represents about 1500 u. S. And german pheromones what does he think of trade sanctions for example the u. S. Sanctions against well way u. S. Firms are barred from selling chips and software to the chinese telecoms giant and punitive sanctions have also been slapped on all kinds of tinys goods including steel isnt that a ton protectionism. The Chinese Government as you know heavily invested in controlling Key Industries its not a free economy and by using those policies china is taking advantage of the naive idiot of the west according to President Trump but so i think in the case of china there were there should be very few people in the west that dont agree ok we should have some kind of policy left of the occupation for. Some faucets of. Ukraine we have also sanctions against russia right and theres a lot of people particularly in germany who argue that the russian sanctions at qana put out the counterargument to that one is ok thats very selfserving germany is one of the Major Trading partners of russia and so theyre willing to sacrifice a Political Goals for the sake of economic goals the u. S. Has also impose tariffs on imports of european steel and aluminum the e. U. House responded in kind of the Trump Administration says its considering imposing terrorists on european cars arguing that e. U. Tariffs on imports from the u. S. Higher overall than the other way around frank spartina interprets the u. S. Position as in a nacho negotiate or outs i would not necessarily call President Trump protectionist stick. He is quite willing to use tariffs and other economic sanctions and methods to achieve his goals but his stated goal is to create a level Playing Field and he himself actually offered to eliminate all tariffs between europe and the u. S. Some says he wants to revive heavy industry in the u. S. And lose domestics to you production and car sales by slapping tariffs on imports is this a reasonable strategy prices have gone up in the us prices are always going to go up when tariffs go up and interesting really enough when a tariff is imposed domestic producers also are able to raise their prices for the economy at large theres rarely evidence that tariffs like this over you know up period of time produce anything positive. Transporter lottery says he wants punitive tatter of 3 moved and her. We can still avert a global trade more. Everything but arms thats the name of an e. U. Program to promote peace and stability around the world it allows emerging economies to export all products except guns to the e. U. Without tariffs but only if these countries have democratic standards and guarantee human rights has been part of that program for some years but now the e. U. Is worried about the human rights situation there and is threatening to pull the plug and theres a lot at stake can boediono exports to the e. U. Come to 5400000000. 00 euros while European Companies only export 800000000. 00 euros worth of products that makes the e. U. Cambodia 2nd biggest trading partner after china losing a tariff free staters would. Come bodi or has a huge Garment Industry. At this factory the workers have 6 day weeks and earn the minimum wage the equivalent of 165. 00 euros a month. From nike too added as many leading Global Brands have their wares made in cambodia. Garments and shoes make up more than 90 percent of the countrys exports. The volume is growing and the largest market is the European Union where the imports currently incur no duties and there are no quotas. This trade regime holds as long as the e. U. Is confident that cambodia is in compliance with core human and labor rights a lot is at stake as the head of the port in c. A nuclear makes clear import. Mostly from china because we export. To to europe then to you notice that the export mostly to europe and import mostly iraq material from china the e. U. Has identified major problems with regard to basic rights and is considering suspending cambodias preferential status under its e. P. A. Scheme one problem is political repression its a longstanding issue in the one party state but things are getting worse the Main Opposition Party has been closed down and the right of assembly is not respected. When opposition activists gather to commemorate ken lay a prominent political commentator Human Rights Defender and government critic murdered him 2016 they were arrested. They continue to call for a proper investigation of his death. The government doesnt tolerate public demonstrations let alone opposition political rallies in private this Human Rights Group mourns the loss of can lay. Here really regret in term of the last such a corruption a guy who spoke out against the Human Rights Violations. A guy who spoke out against the government to be transparency accountability and in effect if any state if service is through the propose in society. This factory near phnom penh make seat covers for german car manufacturers. If the e. U. Withdraws cambodias preferential status as a trading partner duties will be imposed on its exports to europe. Come podium made goods would then cost more in the e. U. And production might be shifted elsewhere. The director of the company has looked at the numbers. When everything but the. Facts or agreement will be cast on the way. Our products will start being taxed between 2 us 6 percent 80 percent of all products where the taxing off between one for and off it 20 percent or 6 percent the difference comes from the. Last 30 which our products are being kept apprised some experts doubt that suspending cambodia from the e. P. A. Program would make much difference to the countrys economy. John so powerful one says the impact would have been much greater a few years ago. There will be some negative effect. Slower growth of course some work to be laid off but i think not be a disaster because the size of the economy and the vibrancy is large enough now. This is not the consensus view however. Some argue that the threatened e. U. Withdrawal of preferential status would be a painful blow to the country at a gathering in phnom penh of European Business people active in cambodia many said they feared that thousands of jobs could be lost if the threat became reality. As you picture the rest of them were here against the suspension of you is missing you could become the victim we dont sing it with you when youre on your. Own you can just put. The Garment Industry employs about 750000. 00 people most of them young women they work on average 8 to 10 hours a day labor rights is another of the areas in which the e. U. Sees significant problems working conditions are in some respects very poor how people get to work is an issue. Most garment workers are transported to their factories on the back of trucks often over long distances. Or theyre jammed into overcrowded many buses. This is a problem corners of many countries in southeast asia. My son meet and more i work for a labor union that represents textile workers. Its demanding safer and better transportation for factory workers. Serious accidents are much too frequent and often involve fatalities. Many of the vehicles are in terrible condition and nobody takes responsibility for ensuring their safe to operate. We need the support of the e. U. So we can raise the pressure on the factory owners the unions alone are too weak the investors especially those from china will do whatever they want with their work its we need help from europe. The e. U. Has a difficult decision to make sanction cambodia because of Human Rights Violations or maintain its preferential trade status so as not to put textile workers out of a job. Well punishments might sometimes work but there can be better ways to get people to do what you want 1st question can be much more effective positive reinforcement and in direct suggestions thats the basis of not theory its become a trend in behavioral economics and political theory its a soft and cuddly way of exercising power and be benign so to encourage people to stop smoking but it can be dark as well you and i are being nudged every day without even noticing it and that under cover element is key to the success of the nudge. Sensible or sweet which is it to be thats only one of thousands of decisions we all make every day what influences our choices and can we somehow be influenced without being sanctioned perhaps with a little nudge towards the more sensible choice. Is a Behavioral Scientist she analyzes what influences our decision making. Were in austin a brick universitys cafeteria nothing is left to chance here the salad bar is positioned center stage to encourage Healthy Eating lettuce to the salad looks especially appealing i still have all the other options but theyre behind me right now. So the salads are the focus. Something like this would also be a good set up for School Cafeteria for more. Everyone still free to order french fries and other less than Healthy Foods but the students are reaching more salads these days the cafeterias design and the presentation of the food influences their choices its a technique known as nudging and thats it has as much the concept of nudging encompasses a range of techniques which all relate to whats called choice architecture that sounds more complicated than it actually is essentially it relates to the world we live in our environment and how its designed and structured. These nudging techniques make it more likely that well make a particular choice. Because the 5 heads are that even if. Lets take another scenario nudging to conserve resources the amount of paper we use is powerfully influenced by one click in this little check box generally its the printed default settings that determine whether somethings printed on a single page or double sided. That says this is a kind of choice architecture which aims to elicit a specific behavior that people typically take the path of least resistance the decision thats offered to them by default especially when it comes to things we do almost automatically the default setting has a major impact on how people behave. But also why its smart to look at your privacy defaults theyre often set by companies who want to scoop up as much of our data as they can. Another form of nudging is disclosure information that describes how others are behaving. Most people like to compare themselves to others and to belong. This is how it works take energy usage for example if people can see what the average power consumption is for their region and how much their neighbors use theyre more likely to save energy. But it works with a lot of people who want to be part of the group thats also evident in other areas like social media. Its an effective mechanism but. No tears are looking to influence peoples decisions thats what companies try to do in their Marketing Campaigns what about this fitness craze they do tough workouts twice a week and hardly anyone trips out but why well they paid in advance but thats not all. Thats in the mission fund its a blend of 3 mansions. First theres the initial decision to commit to a set period of time in this case 9 weeks thats the 1st night shift. Then there are personal reminders that you get if you miss training or just werent in the mood. The 3rd night is also kind of social norm of being embedded in a social context so these 3 notches are at work here. So nudges are like a small push towards making a beneficial choice it can be very effective although not always and not with everyone. With us here on the view as we come to an end of this weeks edition of my. The flaming going to. Be. The finest blaming going to the sky for germanys booming economy i love her let. Me. Just finish us 50 stories and 15 very personal tips on bermans very best features female. Book now for planet money to the max series every week on d w. On the other surprising people cite for somebody to come on a set of law when theres a flood the water comes up to our waist i have clothes fast to everyone but the total lack of water is just call me dangerous. To send people to see people nonself so they can plant crops and find food the salmaan floods and droughts Climate Change become the main driver of mass migration you can the bad right any apocalyptic scenarios you want and probably most of it will go. For climate exodus start september 5th on d w. Imagine being born as. Your ally the can prove it since you want to look for them school. You want to be useful but on a laptop. When youre sick with a doctors note when you fall in love they wont. You dont have children for fear theyll be invisible to us should. Have knows. When you die theres no proof of the ever exist. And every 10 minutes. Someone this is. 10000000. 00 people in the world the stakes have no nationality in the total made up along the end of that everyone has the right. Everyone has the right to say i am. This is the. Prime minister is in the german. Cities. Those talks on likely to be difficult. For. Your peers union approaches to uni appointed prime minister. To renegotiate the deal. To scrap its plan and avoid. A