Know where the region of the world produces crude oil as cheaply as the gold states. Its a wealth of trouble from the ground for a long time to come. But demand could dry up earlier than supply as a former Saudi Oil Minister warned in 2002 the stone age didnt end because the world ran out of stones. The going states have started to react theyre investing in sustainable construction and to. Boosting the tourism industry. And. Promoting education for young people. And theyre finally starting to use their of. And solar energy. In. Saudi arabia owes its wealth to oil but that doesnt mean everyone in the country is rich the Biggest Country in the gulf lacks jobs and education. Religious doctrine still governs much of everyday life. During prayer as business comes to a standstill. The car but the royal house is making changes saudi vision 2030 is a plan to keep Living Standards stable even if Oil Prices Sink or demand falls but saudi arabias own Energy Consumption is extremely high. And instead of using the sun they fight against it in saudi arabia in the summer months 70 percent of their electricity is spent for cooling and. The young generation will need even more energy more than half of the population is under 25. 00. Youth unemployment is high. Theres a lack of private employers and training especially for women. In some 33000000. 00 people live in the kingdom of saudi arabia 20000000. 00 a saudi Citizens National revenue is around 180000000000. 00 u. S. Dollars 87 percent of that comes from oil. This International Team is researching the future of Sol Renner Gee theyre developing Solar Energy Collectors in every imaginable a full room tiny power plants. And heads the team shes turkish holds a ph d. From germany and is a researcher here in saudi arabia. The teams truly sensational invention doesnt look like much at 1st glance. Ive shown youre actually a break to a technology that can make any window into our solar panel so what were seeing here is were able to generate electricity from windows with some special coatings on top off but its still visible to your eyes like any other window. So our Technology Actually offer is a great platform where you can make any building a Power Generation yourself. The solar window is one of many painted technologies from couched to King Abdullah university of science and technology it was founded by a former saudi king as a private University Independent from the ministry of education the campus has its own rules and women arent required to wear the abaya its perhaps a taste of what some young saudis would like to see for the future of their country. The Solar Power Research center has adapted its architecture to the extremely hot climate there is shaded skylights and a pedestrian area to provide natural ventilation and cooling the design since the message that the future is about to change. Professor in mcculloch is the centers director. He worked at the renowned Imperial College london until 2014 a few of his. Students joined him when he moved here the counts team says the facilities here a unique part of the university is largely financed by a foundation which gives the researches more financial security. And freedom for female research and women are welcomed as colleagues here. In the street just like passion. Chemistry is the lets because 1st time when i was 16 years old when i 1st studies studied chemistry only that i just liked it so much and i fell in love with it so in that time i decided to discover more and more about chemistry and go deep into it. Were trying to create materials that absorb the light from the sun or from indoors in primeau it from the sun and then we can use that to start a Chemical Reaction and then the Chemical Reaction we create hydrogen in this case from water just cold water sports and so creating hydrogen allows you to create a stored Energy Source so this could be a potential replacement for a bottle of oil could be a big sold out of hydrogen. Oil to hydrogen would be a radical switch perhaps the next generation will make it a reality. The hope of course is that they will be able to play a prominent role in some of the larger more influential so the companies of the future so i think that we are educating to some extent the elite of this so the. Student population coast is a model that hopefully in the future is going to be replicated through. If you. Koski also has daycare facilities which helps contribute to the Research Environment in a country that is seeking to lessen its dependence on oil. A mother who works full time is still an exception in saudi arabia. The. Record admin and. I both have our daily tasks. The things we do for each other the household and family. Its worked out well so far thank god. There are difficulties and challenges. With the thought that she had but she had did her bachelors when we were already married and got excellent results were here with the widow our dream is even bigger well she wants to achieve more and of course i have to help her were going to. The 3 of them live on campus even though y. L. Works in mecca a 2 hour journey away he commutes so that his wife can continue researching the technology that could help secure the countrys future. But theres a big obstacle to overcome in replacing oil with solar power and thats dust. In the desert state of saudi arabia there are more than 3000 sunlight hours a year and almost no rain the dust coats the equipment and reduces efficiency. So that stated we can lose 2030 percent of the output so we need to be removing it and ideally moving every day because then you. I dont get that layering effect of the dust right now its super layered on i mean this is this is quite a stiff bristle brush. It starts to come off. A stray an inventor george eitel hooper set up his company no matter based on the idea of brushing the dust off instead of rinsing it saudi engineer out a sari is a member of the chain hes also be getting frustrated about the effect of dust on solid modules. Surprisingly i never knew the there is one person in the field that actually take tackling the same issue there was a scene in the actual customer arrays and they say ok this is a problem that needs to be solving no one is doing a great job and so when i would like to join your team and become one of the main problems or one of the Biggest Challenges that face this whole industry. This solution is an electric brush with very fine bristles it constantly sweeps the dust away so it cant stick. To. The. Council provided a fellowship that brought computer engineer jamiel shaw well back from the us. I do not imagine myself staying in saudi long term and that idea changed more recently coming to cows seeing how things are changing in a direction that i appreciate and that i like. To use is the full one here because all of the brush. In the past we have seen problems to be as something to be avoided or ignored rather than opportunities to be in. And this is a cultural mindset not just in the middle east or worldwide if were honest but what were seeing now is is a reevaluation of the problems that exist like that and a new way to address them. Are mad and jamila trying to reconcile innovation with the countrys traditions. Making it has a lot of young people has a lot of people that want to see the kingdom change and that doesnt mean their traditions just gone but it means that things can exist at the same time. Turn investment would also help saudi make the break from oil but the 2018 investors conference in the capital riyadh attracted far fewer western guests than it did the year before. Saudi arabias relationship with europe and the u. S. Has been strained since the brutal murder of a saudi journalist Business Activity is deeply affected by political events especially in this part of the world. Saudi arabia is going out of its way to bring in investment. To king abdul Industrial Valley promises Foreign Investors low grants low energy costs and hardly any tax still the response has been muted thus far. There are plans to build an ultra modern city next to the Industrial Area for up to 2000000 residents. Theres even a golf course already. In. Huge industrial port is under construction and another city several times bigger than this one is being planned for the north of the country to entice investors. Slowly but surely the country is starting to realize that oil alone wont keep it going forever. Saudi arabias regional rival is its neighbor qatar a much smaller country with a similarly powerful economy to its huge natural gas reserves. Are several middle Eastern Countries cut diplomatic ties with qatar in september 2017 following allegations of financing terrorism. Qatar is reacted with patriotism and assurance that they would manage just fine without their powerful neighbors Migrant Workers keep the qatari economy going. The amines vision for the future is to have more private enterprise that doesnt depend on gas and to foster well highly educated population. 2. 6000000 people live in the emirate of qatar. 240000 citizens. National revenue is around 44000000000. 00 u. S. Dollars 76 percent of that comes from natural gas. Was blessed with Natural Resources as well as a very centric position in the middle east and in the middle of the world if you wish so other not only in the Foreign Policy but when it comes to the for example the scene of education as. The Education City which is serving as an educational heart for the entire region. Qatar has Brought International universities and think tanks into the country including the Brookings Institution from the u. S. Qatar has identified like the knowledge economy and Education Sector as arky components of it so versification and carter generally there has been a very good space to have intelligent independent dialogue and researchers and these organizations are allowed the space to be able to do the work that into the. The Brookings Institution has voiced some criticism of the countrys economic policy. A large share of the National Population is involved in government work they have government positions their employer the government they have these the high salaries short working hours job security these are all very good things now when a country starts talk with the need to diversify its usually free to the 1st because for the private sector so i think in general you. Need to encourage entrepreneurial spirit and entrepreneurship involves risk taking. The Main Driving Force in the private sector is construction New Buildings are going up everywhere. Construction is also taking place underground the capital doha now has a metro system that will have full nuns once complete. The 10s of thousands of people who work on these mega projects mainly come from abroad working conditions have improved following International Criticism most of the migrants arrive with no training and learn on the job. These kinds of contracts and not attractive to skilled workers. Tyreese are more likely to do administrative jobs and i still prefer to work for state owned companies. Rethinking old ways will take time in cata says a spokesman for the metro association. And see that. Its a very new kind of transport system for qatar. So itll take a while for people to realize that its safe and environmentally friendly. To afford it and we worked with her for a metro will save time money and of course energy. Saving energy and reducing the countrys dependence on natural gas is at the forefront of the new sustainable city center of doha this is the district of michigan rep named after the springs and wells that sustained the ancient desert cities. Thats before the. You can close the roof so the whole square is in the shade during the day. Weve created a new architectural language. While you know that the structure of the stones on the facades prevents the sun from shining directly into the buildings but the live and do for the shots of. The architects were inspired by the past when no houses in cata had energy guzzling air conditioning them a sheriff district uses wind to cool the area naturally you can see how it works in the Old Buildings that still exist here. Doesnt limit but this building has been built in such a way that the wind from the north blows in and cools the entire building. The ground has many advantages to oil it doesnt absorb heat so the building stays cool and also the dust sticks to it. So when the wind blows through the building it doesnt stir any of it up was the got one shot all residential and Office Buildings in this district would use up to 30 Percent Less Energy at least thats what the government is aspiring to. In just a few decades the capital doha has transformed from a fishing village into a lively metropolis. In. The tiny emirate of qatar is now well known all over the western world. And its almost defiant in its pride to be an independent nation. Of. Qatar has taken on an Important Role in World Politics and wants to retain it. The Foreign Ministry is also involved in his vision 2030 that will hopefully create a future independent of natural gas. People sometimes think that the 2030 vision of others because of you know the fact that other countries are launching there is only recently that other has joined the club as a matter of fact others had that vision in 2008 launched and that at that time we didnt have the world cup. We didnt win it but as soon as that happened that was integrated into the overall vision. Sporting events could also provide an alternative source of income. To the khalifas stadium can be. When Host International events in the summer because of its gigantic air conditioning system its the only one in the world in an open stadium. Katters World Cup Commission is responsible not only for planning the event but also for what comes after how can the economy build on the expertise thats been brought into the country. All of the sporting or International Events it has in the logic and to see an International Expertise to come and delivering the event. I mean there will be going to the next event to ensure that the knowledge that is here within about that and within the region we have this just the Institute Center to ensure theyre going to deliver it occasion training to the sporting industry. Sustainability is also part of the sporting industry at least thats the message the World Cup Commission wants to convey for example with the 1st fifa stadium to be recycled after the world cup. The whole a stadium as will be. This month after that on the month of the world be broken down into different uses sword side that can be the stadium itself can be rebuilt elsewhere with this image with addition of everybody gonna get more theres still a view. The building is made from shipping containers and steel girders after the world cup cattle could theoretically sell the stadium to the u. S. On mexico so it can be rebuilt there 2026 as long as the politicians play ball. Oh man it doesnt just look different than its neighbors and their towering skylines. The sultanate is having an easier time. Ending alternatives to oil and natural gas for one because its reserves are smaller than those of its neighbors and a mans economy was flourishing even before the discovery of oil. Life here is still shaped by fishing crafts and trade and women also have a big role in society. A man has diplomatic relations with all the gulf states including qatar. Its ancient citadels and fortified buildings and now just part of the countrys history the country practices a more moderate form of conservative islam. Some 4600000. 00 people live in the sultanate of amman 2500000. 00 a citizen its National Revenue is around 22000000000. 00 u. S. Dollars 73 percent of that comes from oil and gas. Much as the Historic District of a mans capture muscat and one of the citys major Tourist Attractions more than 3000000. 00 visitors come to amman every year mainly from germany and france. To resume is the biggest industry up to oil and gas and it grows every year by 6 percent. The governments next aim is to build a port for large cruise ships right in the front of the old town. But wont mass to resume ruin the historic area. Geographer manuel a good pilot is hoping to answer this question with her research. Shes lived in muscat for 14 years old man has a lot to offer and a lot to lose that much is clear from a visit to the beit arbor under museum. Here. I see more than 2 days ahead all. This is rest and. The black robes arrived in the country with the rise of oil and the influence of saudi arabia so that also brought a more conservative way of life. Right now. The man well i hopes to find a form of gentle tourism thats compatible with local tradition. In a way a conservative country youve got a village in the interior you need to really observe the way you dress the way you talk to people and its not nothing now you need to really look around you the environment youre in and conform to it to the country itself thats where the toys will enjoy and we as the villagers would welcome them to come to the country open arms talked about. Incense has been bought and sold in the metro bizarre for centuries. But what will happen to the little shops with the growing cords of tourists manuela asked some of the shop owners. To resume has changed what sold here there are a few every day goods and more souvenirs. Many omanis are now giving up their shops and leasing them to migrants. That. Once well not all the quotes around 200000 cruise ship tourists came here last year it doesnt sound like much but when you consider that the population of my truck is only around 200000 that really is a lot it gets overcrowded very easily its like buffalo. Many a moving away from our truck because they feel like strangers even on the streets they grew up on the chicken that were no one. Home the everything used to be colorful. Around here was about what would happen if the public lots of things still are but lots arent as much as your house was set up and these are caves with no substance we all model was used to shape this place your other look around. But some of the old shops are holding out their products might seem out of place but this is exactly what their money customers are looking for or yes some people come from villages far away the owner explains his father moved here 929 from india. To start this business from i thought it was a little bit. And although most people would say yes it is and it was the longest way you want to sit on them and them and. In the day today. When asked about the future of his shop he had just one answer everything should stay exactly as it is. Travelling through a man can be like a journey through time in. Japan after is a Mountain Range in the north of the country. It. Is a tiny village of supra has been clinging to this a scotland for 400 years. It. Is. Abdullah shrieky was born here just like his brothers and cousins now theyre turning the homes of their ancestors into guest houses for tourists. And my grandfather used to live in this room and thats going for the office if. Obviously we prefer to varnish the wood with all of oil because its a natural oil. Well it preserves the beauty of the door and protects it. For families used to live around their grandfathers room just a few years ago life happened outside the rooms which is for sleeping and cooking on the open fire. A road now leads to the other side of the valley and the villages have moved into modern houses. I dont get it life in the new village is much more convenient than in the old and hey nation right next to the road. So with a car everything you need is nearby. We had electricity and t. V. Which is nice of course. Although. The gist of the incidents was. When i also thought i had to tickle we have created something really special here with this simple set up our guest house is different from other hotels tourists can experience what the place used to be like. This is the kind of gentle tourism that could help replace oil and gas revenues. Fishing has always been an important part of the mounds of qana me. And mark also nani grew up in a fishing family in korea that but nowadays the journey out to sea is really worth it. Grandfathers told us they used to fish right here on the beach but if we have to go further and further out that im not about access thats why that is my. One solution is aquaculture. Your Money Ministry of fisheries has set up its own research and Development Center for the industry. Amar has been working for the private Aquaculture Company blue waters. For over a year now. About 80 percent of employees are a manny unlike many citizens in neighboring countries that dont shy away from jobs outside the air conditioned office blocks. Back here to the private sector is considered a risky alternative to secure government jobs. Either side of the militia and id advise all young people to look for jobs outside the government. If you dont get a job there try applying to private companies. To talk about that class. Lou waters lowered its 1st aquaculture cages into the sea in 2017. Just a year later they produce 350. 00 tons of fish. Being at sea mission for example and all the people are traveling all over the place in that region of africa and in the continent subcontinent and therefore this is part of their activities in the past but with the oyu era that we are living in this has not been whether the sea or whether managed so people are lists willing to take risks we have but the chances on trying to set our our approach to. Our young people people in place for being more into the northeast small innovative. Rock could also provide an alternative to oil and gas a man has been trading minerals since ancient times. The name stone from. Mine is actually. On pause door you are. Going to put it which is necessary for their making up their image as you see it is very white the purity is really. Suitable for making this image i am. A man is one of the few nations on the Arabian Peninsula with the rocky terrain 2 percent of its g. D. P. Comes from mineral exports spurred by the binning Construction Industry in neighboring countries. In most of the gulf states its the next biggest industry after or oil and gas theres money to be made from cement. The minerals are playing a rule here in measure all in all my home with all of the challenges the major challenges on these our environment should be there is a strategy and a plan for it that not everything we will take it we should keep something for future research and development should be also continuous and part of the road to their mining. The project manager has created a lab in the factory alongside his job hes also doing a doctorate at the university of leeds in cement of course. This is a similar. Group there is using with from oil and gas and we are trying to. Explore the possibility of recycling those materials. As a raw material for some kind of factory. The 1st attempts were successful. Yesterdays industrial waste is becoming the raw material of tomorrow. Hello to me is concerned with sustainability and part of that is giving a bigger role to women for example as engineers. Increasing numbers of a money women are now studying mostly natural sciences. Like at the German University in moscow at the only German University on the entire Arabian Peninsula most of the students here are women. One reason is that men tend to go abroad to study while women stay at home. Because of the boom women are also studying subjects here that a male dominated in europe. Like applied geosciences and a professor Wilfred Bauer from aachen germany teaches the subject. He says that studying he also encourages women to aspire to a korea like. Most of my family members are and the Petroleum Industry so big and you scientists i cant i cant be in the petroleum i actually did a training in Petroleum Companies but i also have like the new industry off my nose this is and youre thinking im on a tourism. Hydrology so we have lots of 6. 00 we can participate in. Geosciences are opening up new economic sectors for the future and they also reach deep into a mans history. In the largest off year light in the world is in our mom its the former ocean floor that formed here on the arabian tectonic plate a little more than 1000000000 years ago. Or something very special every year hundreds if not thousands of geologists come here to study the structure of the ocean floor here. Me and whats on board and just. What would normally lie several kilometers below sea level is part of a mans landscape. Is on her way to this ancient sea bed the cliffs here a made up of its layers which are easily accessible to researchers. To geologists works full time is Vice President of the Oman Geological Society and is a mother. She got tremendous and measures the geological history of her country. 800000000 years worth of it. Thats the upper most part of their fuel line its called love a buzzards. And thats mainly the form of the sea floor when the magma actually has the cool water so 30 to find that he will bellows. Anyone who knows what theyre looking for can recognize pillow lava immediately the lowest section of the earth feel what is called the mantle rock molten mantle that solidified several kilometers below the cold sea floor. Theyre quite unique in terms of they are tracking the public. Lets say attention because there is recently the studies fury that saves a few that runs actually can capture the Carbon Dioxide from the air and then and transform it into a different mineral so thats reducing the Carbon Dioxide percentage from the atmosphere. If these rocks could store the climate kill a c o 2 than oh man one of the Biggest Oil Producers could actually help mitigate the impact of fossil fuel production. But this research requires the support of the sultan and. This is one of the most delicate issues when it comes to the future of the gulf without political change the economy one change either. We normally concentrate on the economic aspects or diversification we have to consider the comic part of this the politics as well as a social so that could make the impact but so far it has been only one side of the way the reason has been governed for a long period of time where the head of state small really have full power and if youre going to share that power with the rest and therefore this has been a major constrain. So we need to learn how to undo that practice in the past and try to do it something differently where we can be more excluding and more inclusive and more fair to the public when they have these days versification initiatives are. That theyre doing well theyre being successful theyre growing. But what happens if suddenly oil and gas for the stop are they able to continue on their own and in most cases the answer is no so that the trick then is to move from the actual diversification thats taking place into perspicacious thats sustainable in the post oil gas or. And thats harder to do. Perhaps the Younger Generation will make this change happen if they want to maintain mistimed of living economy and politics will have to change. The. New generation a hungry they realize that the old structures and systems moving forward into a new opportunity and they are excited to be a part of that process. Of. Change is also more achievable if men and women can contribute equally to the process. I really believe women they have lots of capabilities they can do. Good they can actually push their difficulty in the country and over we the children of the country dont help a man to grow then who will now lower the image that we have to work for us no matter what it takes to get to the top you have to start at the bottom and. Those are. Whats needed is a generation thats brave enough to experiment and not afraid to fail. We are the future of saudi. We are. We are the ones who are going to change the future of saudi arabia. But these optimists are convinced there is a future for them in the gulf beyond crude oil. What to do with old cardboard boxes can do what a french artist does and build yourself a city. A living a godsend shows us how. His own project in law is an ephemeral better 5. Year old man and 30 minutes on d w. S o s europe the european night is in crisis. If its to have a future it will meet champions young champions. Florida versus your country. They are fighting for the dream of nigeria. Do they stand a chance. Can they saved in european idea. That im here to stand up for European Values and contribute to something important coming up see if. The future of europe starts september 2nd on d w. This is deja vu news live from berlin hong kong on alert for another weekend of violent antigovernment protests police and prodemocracy demonstrators square up for another confrontation i made growing fears of a crackdown and across Town Supporters of the beijing backed government staged their own counter demonstration also coming up. Easy rider legend peter fonda dies age 79 born into hollywood royalty the actor and producer will be remembered as an icon of the counter culture. Plus the bundesliga kicks