Cruise ships unlike the celebrity sterns of our pool its. More luxury liners and husbands the industry is booming. German tourists go on cruises all year round even in the winter. Should just i like getting to see different places without having to unpack and repack my bags going on theres all these bars and 17 restaurants you always have your home right with you. But the ocean giant its just glamorous they will say harmful to the environment there exhaust fumes contain sulfa nitrogen oxides and salt particles people are now becoming more aware of the problem. And become a terrible were from s n n s n is clean now but that was not. Always the case of People Living on the coast always used to have clean fresh air now its the other way around it is loaded with. Cruise operators have responded to the growing criticism and say their vessels have now become more environmentally friendly but tough they really. Its december he environment on the baltic scene ever since Cruise Ship Companies began offering more when to delist the hobby he is busy even during the cold months. Jim and resigned europes top cruise ship customers with over 2000000 passengers in 2017 and asked the business increases so does the air pollution it causes we 1st visited vandeman dane 2014 when we spoke with local residents like magdalena fleming 5 years on we meeting her again magdalena reaching move to the namenda for the clean air crews operators have been promising ships with keen exhaust fumes for years now we asked magdalena whether she feels theyve kept that promise she certainly said. They havent gotten any cleaner im so angry and this video a little bring it up from time to time and you believe them you think the ships are finally going to get cleaner but then nothing happens simply because the adverse gets all talk. But this is the still the newspapers are full of it but nobodys taking any action of a kind now left us. Green boats and their dirty air what a cruise operators doing about it. This is funny shall a port city on monday era in the Atlantic Ocean just north of the Canary Islands down here is a popular destination for winter cruises. Most passengers on board are german tourists. We asked axel freedom to join us on this trip hes one of the worlds leading experts on air pollution. Right now hes setting up his instruments to measure the cruise ships emissions. Axle fleet and she used to head the department for transport and noise at the German FederalEnvironment Agency u b a and now regularly advises governments and environmental organizations. Like all larger ships cruise liners emit pollutants into the air. The Floating Hotels need electricity 24 hours a day including when they are at port they get that energy from fuel generators. The cruising Lines International association or clear says it has recently adopted the exhaust gas cleaning systems e. G. Cns the association has reportedly fitted 111. 00 of the 253. 00 cruise ships in its fleet with the system. Just how effective are the filters to find out of each will be monitoring emissions on 3 separate days. The equipment he uses measures nitrogen oxides salt sulphur dioxide and ultra fine particles. A cruise ship is approaching the harbor is exhaust plume is still only faintly visible axle for a delicious particularly interested in the amount of fine particles it contains 3 cruise ships have now docked at port. Even at a distance axel fraser makes a quick mantis able to measure the particulates matter the crew ships a minute but the wind direction keeps changing so he cant say for sure which pollutants the coming from which. The portable device detects 65000 particles thats 3 times more than on some streets in germany where driving has already been banned. But this level is typical for busy small harbors like here. Here again theres always room for 3 ships to dark here strongly 3 ships are here but in other courts like barcelona and abroad not good honest is not to 7 ships in dock each day. The cruise industry just not consider a one off measurements like this to be significant yet the cruise operators wont provide us with more detailed information despite our request neither clear nor the 2 big German Companies aida and toohey provided us with pollution levels. Axletree to face was environment in 2013 to measure the absolution caused by cruise ships for the documentary series 45 minutes his film raised a lot of awareness for the problem. Tourists sought out this seaside resort for its clean and that these days even the pedestrian zone has a pollution level similar to a busy traffic intersection. The missiles are fine if were measuring ultra fine particles that are smaller than 300 not a meters this extremely small matter can penetrate deep into the lungs. In some cases this can have fatal consequences the particles also come from the ship 6 almost 10 engines are pallid with diesel or heavy oil. What kind of fuel is heavy oil. To kill will to police explained it well in 2009 in a documentary find a public pool at constant point from. Champs. Does he this will this is an english crude oil from the fortys and or crude oil from the north sea. This is the stuff everyone is after on us all their stuff the crude oil contains lots of components each one can be sold that are separately sized thats why crude oil is refined. And it often is that the Refinery Crude Oil gets broken down into its components is there are gas components liquid components and also solid components and at the end of this process and so theres this leftover we hear that it can no longer be refined and it does this is what power ships come on down the trunk ship or does a sort. When i turn it upside down nothing happens thats how dense it is at Room Temperature its like a road surface this is the stuff ships run on. No matter whether a ship is powered by heavy oil or diesel exhaust fumes will always contain 4 main pollutants. Carbon dioxide the Greenhouse Gas that majorly contributes to global warming. Which you may know from a seed rain it also affects marine life. Ringback nitrogen oxides also known as and ex they made headlines during the Diesel Scandal and are especially harmful to children pregnant women and sick people and finally atmospheric aerosol particles many studies have shown that ultra fine particulates matter is most dangerous and can lead to pneumonia heart attacks and strokes. And as a chemist investigating the effects of fine particulate matter from ship exhaust fumes. In his research he collaborates with other chemists physicians and biologists from the German Research center for Environmental Health and the university of rostock. They use this special method to show how particulate matter is harmful to humans the research is direct exhaust fumes from a ships engine into their lap and expose it to living. Human lung cells. Here is the exposure that most experiments to date added the pollutants into a solution and you cells that were also in solution. Thats not natural because lung cells are normally exposed. Thats their characteristic feature and we managed to simulate that with this machine. Here the cells are out of the open so to speak and take in air pollution like real dogs would and. This is to date the closest. Research has come to faithfully simulating the impact of ship exhaust on living human cells. You know 35 generally speaking fine particles cause pulmonary information and if youre exposed to particular matter over long periods of time that inflammation can become chronic chronic inflammation can be to cardiac diseases and permanent pulmonary inflammation which in turn can trigger or aggravate diseases like asthma c o p d. D. Its an invisible threat numerous studies have found that her nostrils only catch and filter particles larger than 10 micro meters. Fine particles are much smaller than even 2. 5 micro meters with no barrier to stop them they can settle deep in our lungs. Then they can trigger dangerous inflammation they can even enter our blood stream with severe consequences Heart Disease cardiac arrest or strokes if the particles reach our brain. Simmonds colleagues can identify each individual component of particulates matter in ships exhaust fumes this lets them determine its precise effect on the human body up until a few years ago research suggested emissions from heavy oil were much more harmful to humans than diesel but more recent studies painted a picture. I mean lets the un feel weve looked at a number of different processes over the past 10 years anything from emissions from car engines to wood combustion this royal chip emissions have been found to have the biggest effect of war regardless of whether they use diesel or heavy oil. In the long run heavy oil has a larger cost an agenda in fact but they both have equally high acute effects. In their lab the scientists can also measure pollutants emitted by ships as seen for this they suck the outside into into the lab on windy days. The instruments are so sensitive that they can pick up pollutants emitted from ever 100 kilometers away. The team uses shipping routes and time tables to determine which vessel its from. 2019 on the banks of the elbe or in hamburg. Axel fatally shes here to measure the pollutant levels emitted by a cruise ship is portable device is ultra sensitive. The senior you are left to 1st find matter in the air here even though the ship was far away when it was passing us the wind blew the other way but even at a distance of one kilo. I still get a reading of over 20000 particles and theres more not region dioxide to about. 20000. 00 aerosol particles thats roughly twice the average level in hamburg and the wind wasnt even blowing in the right direction. Because no filter the exhaust was being blown to the other side of the other but the people on that bank were exposed to the fumes. Magdalena flemming from phantom and continues to worry about health. She suffers from asthma last year alone she saw 199 cruise ships docked here it was nice but im not sure if its still healthy for me here. Its just getting worse. And im concerned for my children and my grandchildren. I already have 3 great grandchildren the hips and good. And how ditty is the extreme boats are emitting. This ship chandra tells us that all the cruise ships operated for them always that hit the official regulations in the baltic sea and elsewhere. Its shipping company says they are striving to operate their ships a skinny as possible but installing a filter isnt possible for technical reasons. We also spoke with several passengers. Well i know cruise ships are dirty but i dont know the exact numbers. But sure theyre big polluters to see jobs section or thats really just that one knows that worries me a lot yes but youre still taking a cruise im still taking a cruise. In hamburg with some roads have been blocked your car pollution but here in the harbor the ships let their engines run day and night and theyre filthy you can see the black clouds above them blast out. Oh its terrible theyre from s. And s. And its clean now but that wasnt always the case People Living on the coast always used to have clean fresh air now its the other way around. In the gym and Computing Center in hamburg researchers have calculated how and pollutants have to spin this through northern germany the results were saying bring. Fine particles from ships on the health risks they bring with them have spread across the entire north of germany. And cruise line isnt just making matters worse. I was shocked at how deeply ship emissions impacted areas not directly by the coast yes sometimes the effects could be seen hundreds of kilometers inland functional beach on long island. And we were taken aback when we realized just how much came from ship traffic before we thought sure there are 10000 ships sailing in the north sea but what damage can they possibly do compared to 50000000 cars. But if you look at the pollutants if you added how much is emitted per kilometer per ton of goods. You find its much higher with ships than with cars. And most people dont know that even further inland the air we breathe is being polluted by ships out at sea. Cruise Companies Say they have taken action to become more environmentally sustainable. This is kill at the end of january 29000. 00 wherein you to a ship is being presented. Just like the other operators this large cruise ship is equipping its new ships with socalled self a scrubbers and catalytic converters theyre meant to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions by up to 99 percent and nitrogen oxides by up to 75 percent the additions are also meant to significantly decrease the amount of particulate matter released into the atmosphere but its hard to tell just how effective the equipment is. The Cruise Companies stayed vague it up as we achieve excellent values with the aftertreatment of emissions some are even better than reduce the values. The Company Office similarly generic statements 2 thirds of the questions that make it in writing so it remains unclear whether sulfur scrubbers can actually reduce health risks. You have to distinguish between environmental and Health Impacts sulfur emissions are known from acid rain and can be very harmful to the environment but the effect of so far on our health is rather limited. From 2020 onwards the level of sound 5 committees in ship fuel will be restricted to 0. 5 percent that might sound good at 1st but 0. 5 percent is still 500. 00 times higher than what is permitted encounter fuel. On the baltic sea the sulfur content cap is set to 0 point one percent that still 100. 00 times more than car fuel. Nevertheless shipping companies are looking to scrap has to remain commercially viable. Why because scrap strips alpha from heavy oil as it burns companies can keep relying on cheap fuel and simply washed it with scrub. Back to the port of. X. L. Freighter it is trying to measure whether ships here have scrubbers. But again wind conditions are unfavorable. The scrubber works well it can reduce over dioxide emissions by about 8590 percent but other issues like ultra violent particles remain unchanged thats why too it was braised a bit more than the other greatest of manufacturers because they got a little better but theyre still far from good enough money. In january 29 teen one of the boats influentials home was to ease mind shift. The ship is reportedly equipped with an exhaust gas purification system. According to the company it filters out 60 percent of atmospheric aerosol particles emitted. We are asked whether this also included ultra fine particulate matter but we didnt receive an answer nor were we provided with any details in mission valley. Part of the problem is the International Maritime organization imo. The United Nations agency has so far failed to set a limit for particulates matta emissions. This means its up to experts like axel free to place to point out the risks its 4 am informed and axel afraid to be his waiting for the i need to know about the ships technology has a will novelty weve all seen we want to see what the emissions of aidas new ship are alaska its a completely new ship powered by liquefied natural gas wells so we Mission Levels should be considerably below those of ordinary cruise ships or lives in the course of a shift. Aida nova is the 1st cruise ship in the worlds to run with the new technology in theory it does not emits nitrogen oxides sulfa or particulate matter into van but actual freight of ice will have to wait for another day to verify those claims. The wind is keeping the exhaust gasses out at sea away from the measuring instruments is the wind salaam favorable you know very. Well youre going to recall this wind. The ship is also equipped to be able to run on ordinary fuel. Wins every kind of this ship can also run on diesel it has to turn example orde so it would have been good to see what i eat is using one is this far away from hamburg. Finale hell have to wait a day later informed us that it wasnt possible to measure the air quality on the ship that day they said they would invite axel faith based on board to measure soon though but it remains to be seen when that will actually happen. And at 1st loans i need to know if his chimney looks clean enough. Other Cruise Companies have announced they want to follow suit. Not to we however the cruise line wants to do with out to fight natural gas for the time being there are currently only a few ports that offer refueling possibilities. Do passengers even care about the natural gas technology. For months i dont think about it it is important. We always like think this is the 1st ship with liquid natural gas lets see helpings developed i think its good i do freak out so it certainly affected my decision i wanted to be on this ship. As its like quieter. Or eco friendly yeah that too is protecting the environment a factor in your decision no ready for being honest not really well with a i heard about it. But it wasnt the deciding factor for us. One problem is that madeira doesnt yet have a fueling point for liquid natural gas that is large enough for the i need a nova. So tangos like the contessa have to travel over 1500 nautical miles from rotterdam to the high atlantic seas to refuel the new i need to ship its a long and expensive journey. And i need a ship is being serviced in hamburg according to Company Figure has consumed over 50 percent more heavy oil and diesel in 2017 compared to 2011 the cruise line says more and more of its ships are being equipped with quote modern exhaust gas purification systems but it remains unclear which systems these entailed exactly and whether they also filter out harmful ultra fine particles. It seems northern germany still enjoys the potion of this of its not tree cruise line is. Hardly anyone protests. Hamburg is even planning a 4th cruise terminal it will be the 2nd one in the huff and City District right bonnie a residential area. Meanwhile in other european cities more and more citizens and politicians feel that the cruise line industry has got big enough. The city of venice is a unesco World Heritage site and a popular cruise destination in europe. Here cruise line is ponce strait by the citys top attractions. But they dont only block the view for locals they also pollute the air. And yes more than 450 of these ships still arrive here every year bringing around 1500000 tourists. The undertow created by large cruise liners alone is a risk for the old city which was built on wooden poles. A unesco study presented to the Italian Government cited these waves caused by water traffic as one of the major threats to the city. Axle fleet race was in venice in 2014 he used a handheld device to measure atmospheric aerosol particles remeasured over 100000 particles per cubic centimeter of air once it was even over 200000 thats extremely high and the areas already polluted. Many venetians have had enough they formed a committee called no kindy navi which means no big ships together with one of its members axel for a device trying to measure the air quality right in the wake of one of the cruise line is. Yes but the cabin nearly the state Police Stopped their small boat after taking down the names and addresses the offices for bait any further measuring attempts i. Am. It seems the protests in venice have had an effect the number of cruise ships has started to decrease and as of 2021 only smaller cruise ships will be allowed to enter the famous judaica canal. Venice isnt the only place where the cruise boom has faced bet lash another one is no way. The country is one of the Top Destinations for cruises from germany. The guy hunger fjord another unesco World Heritage site is especially popular. If he wanted tracks many cruise tourists. Its picture perfect. But the high mountains surrounding the narrow fjords mean exhaust fumes cannot disperse. During the shooting for this film have that lloyd an i. E. D. When the fuel it. But the problem of concentrated pollution because with all cruise operators. The guy running the field isnt the only case like this organic farm and as fed time has his film in fly on the famous sonny a few auto. Show there are new factories in sight but that doesnt mean the end is always clean. We often have very still dice that we often have 2 or 3 or 4 ships and is a very still day and the 4 ships plus all the express both of the ferries and the and the buses and the cars and this sort of this is the start of all this is it really that the slope of the airbus absolutely terrible to the debris and the smell the smell of solid used to beat you up cross now the smell of summer is crude or or a few you can burn fuel. The no engine parliament decided that from 2026 onward only completely a mission for a ships would be allowed into the fields then diesel and heavy oil for ship fuel will be banned completely. Resistance to the booming cruise industry is also growing elsewhere. Amsterdam is demanding more money from cruise ships protests taking place in dubrovnik and an american cruise ship captain was put on trial implosion charges in mustang. And environment. And measuring station was set up in 2015 but not in the residential area. Geminis ministry for the environment provides no information on fine particulate matter it also claims that knowledge of particulate matter environment is within range. The situation is similar in hamburg. To the ministry for environment tries to appease Health Concerns by saying that according to the measuring stations by the harbor the levels are within compliance range. Does that mean that the German Government thinks cruise ships pose no risk to health. One of the measuring stations is located in the middle of the huge industrial port area like so free to takes a closer look. The treadmill seems to be pretty far away from the water distance dilutes the year so there is less to measure but the real problem is that nobody lives here nobody walks here so if im trying to measure the impact pollution is having on Peoples Health but i cant do that from this point its going to hit the fish to the next measuring station living on a cruise terminal is tucked away behind toll residential building the axle frankly says this location isnt ideal for measuring air pollution levels either yet hamburgs department of environment states the levels again in range. Thats just one problem the e. U. Has set a limit for weight of particulate matter in the air many experts argue that this form of measurement alone is not enough to determine Actual Health risks. Launch heavy particles usually filter down. Its the smaller particles that are most harmful even just a few of the tiny particles can damage our health that is why a limit value based on weight alone doesnt provide sufficient information. Approach to measuring particulate matter adequate the ultra fine particles which are very very small have no way to feel and thats why theyre so problematic because they can penetrate deep into our lungs and into our brain and these are really the things that should be measured but only researchers or environmental organizations do thats unacceptable this is. The official limits by white a 1000000 indication for atmospheric aerosol particles in order to determine Actual Health risks. The amount of particles in the air not their total weight. Hes not the only one skeptical of official measurement procedures. It makes no sense from our point of view measuring the number of particles and so its absolutely necessary. So i think your thirtys are aware that they could achieve much more with measuring find a particular matter or even chemically determining the particles composition forces on that cell phone parts you can see in the. Us like they dont have the funds to implement the change and the directives havent been updated. As its known this year so far there is no official body that regularly measures fine particular matter as we so you have to rely on measurements done by our environmental associations or by people like me or i or whats in the ministry for environment in mecklenburg for common is the 1st one that wants to measure fine particulate matter pollution. In a close dein authorities do not have current data on evolution from ships and few ships in particular. The office responsible says it does not expect limits not being exceeded. Nonetheless the measuring station for pollution by ships is planned for 2019 by the keel of florida. Trashed only just money its battling state and federal state surrounded by the sea as they say there are no stations recording pollution by ships and that all that gets done is what is operationally prescribed not what is actually necessary to protect Peoples Health visual images i find that frightening. The mouth of the elbow in there with saxony where freighters and cruise ships also abound. The ministry of the environment in hanover has said the following regarding evolution ship emissions evidently playing a role in certain areas but they are not seem to be a relevant factor in achieving equality targets in lower saxony. Other places take a more modern approach. Every time a ferry from the shipping Company Color line from key. Arrives here and also no it gets connected to a power socket Im Organization introduced in 2011. As soon as the ship is stationary a robot secures the plunk. The shipping company up to deplore it ship this way so that this city Diesel Engine can be switched off while in harbor. The reason why we have this good rosol is that color line said that we are going to do this that shows that this is the way to do it and they also looked into the investment in it but it was also very important to them to be the 1st to show that this is possible and. Its important to now they have kenya and hong burnt. At the port of also we want to. We want to challenge and say go for it. In hamburg only one of the 3 cruise terminals has an on shore power supply and only since 2017. The Construction Costs of around 10000000 euros were paid by taxpayers not the cruise ship company. An employee of the Ford Administration demonstrates how the device works directly because so far only one shipping company aida has used the key with on shore power and only 20 times in all of last year around 90 percent of all cruise ships to not use the environment to move friendly option of power although many of them quote another problem is that some ships are too long well the power terminal is too small recently i need to only used on full power from 8 am to 10 30 am then it was switched off because from 10 30 am onward electricity becomes more expensive. Were trying from a technical point of view its not difficult to build more on shore power stations and other courts. Have also photo the challenge we face is that the price of diesel which is crucial when electricity is being produced on board has fallen significantly since 2014000 in 2014 the Business Case for on shore power was profitable but now it isnt because of the drop in diesel prices. Right now there is basically no money to be made from on shore power stations across europe and its cheaper for shipping companies to produce electricity on board with diesel. And the other to hamburg cruised on full power stations on to vailable for the time being is he said that this will change in the next few years. But in the meantime ships continue to pass on the option of using on chilled power. Since the station was finished 139. 00 crew ships capable of using on szell power passed by the station without plugging in. So far the Hamburg Senate has done nothing to change this. It was different and also. The Ship Operators bear the costs for the power supply. Our politicians are pushing out there wanting us to go forward with this investment because they find that its important for the city and also its also trying to bring because one of europes green sit is. So theyre pushing us to try and find a solution. There are plans to offer on full power for cruise ships. Stocks on a monday however the city in Port Companies still hope that the responsible federal government will lead with the electricity price if possible for the entire. Dang. Mrs fleming has been listening to this argument back in full for years. And. So again were the ones who are being kept waiting at the moment the conversation has fallen quiet but it comes up time and again thats what bothers me because nothing ever gets done. With on show power yes. The cruise industry says cruise lines bring income through tourism to port cities. In banda no way an expert from the business tested this claim. Saying lassen used to advise cruise lines now hes professor at the university of bag and we have started this extensively over many years we have data from social shell for visitors to our ports and we do know that the people who live the nice mommy and my burger thats the course true even the backpacker or the comp or even the. Home. Camper leaves for at least twice as much mana per person per day as the cruise ship for which. According to research by the university of bag and passengers from all cruise line is spent an average of 41. 00 euro is proposal per visit on land. For 2017 Cruise Ship Companies estimated that their passengers spent 48 euros a day on land in germany. In hamburg the chamber of commerce calculated that in 2012 cruise tourism for the city around 540. 00 euros per passenger. However the Hamburg Chamber of commerce study had included Additional Data including figures from the port anniversary. Hamburg zora turnover of 270000000 euros in 2012 with cruises the citys. Politicians og you these figures justify the taxpayer funding costs for terminals and on shore power stations. But does the cruise boom also mean higher tax revenues. In the case of the market aida the research is complicated. Thats because i had a belongs to the Italian Company costa which in turn is a subsidiary of the u. S. Cruise group carnival. Carnival is listed on the New York Stock Exchange in the us a Bad Companies are subject to strict complication requirements. The f. C. C. The us Stock ExchangeSupervisory Authority is when you can find data on aida in the many documents filed by the eda Parent Company carnival it says. That i need to is exempt from German Corporation tax. I knew joe was subject to a tax rate of 6 percent in italy. This recently dropped to 5. 5 percent. By aegis response. The ships of the aida fleet sail under the italian flag. It goes without saying that we not only comply with tax and feel obligations in germany and italy but anywhere else we travel to in accordance with Respective National legislation. We are driving engine for regional economies and also for maritime sites such as germany. Similar to aida other cruise liners also enjoy tax concessions in their foreign home ports. This way they can legally reduce tax payments in germany. The corporations are aware of the environmental problems they say they are open to new technologies and marine fuels but the exhaust their dream ships them it remains nebulous because operators do not publish precise data. And told their. Weve found that its just as dirty as it was before as far as the particles are concerned so far weve seen no significant improvement in ultra fine particles. It seems that finance it will be left up to shipping companies whether they want to consider health risks as well as profit. Or not. India. Using some of the power to do again to feel. Safe on. Innovation projects are helping moco people make the switch to a new host cockermouth may be enough to meet their energy needs. 13. 00. Illusions influence perception. Thinking an action. Were willing to change a truck to the parents says and also easily failed to think the danger of more companies when the bubble. Its time for cash made in germany came into minutes long double. Digits you know a sex for an operator to work her masters thesis on the fritz hedo. Were going to read. Not to turn on well it gets more ridiculous from their. List of. Streets and. The book. This is d w news live from berlin calm after the storm hong kong airport reopens after days of protest forced to shut down protesters issue apologies as flights resume for travelers but beijing comes out strong slamming demonstrators for what it calls terrorists like impact does this tough talk signal a crackdown is coming. Also coming up dont use the r word germany releases statistics showing its economy contract in the 2nd quarter but chancellor merkel says it is too