No other region in the world produces crude oil as cheaply as the gold states. Its a wealth of trouble from the ground for a long time to come. Bottom demand could dry up earlier than supply as a former Saudi Oil Minister warned in 2002 the stone age didnt end because the world ran out of stones. The gulf states have started to react theyre investing in sustainable construction and. Boosting the tourism industry. Promoting education for young people. And theyre finally starting to use their. Dundon solar energy. In. Saudi arabia owes its wealth to oil but that doesnt mean everyone in the country is rich the Biggest Country in the gulf lacks jobs and education. Religious doctrine still governs much of every day life. During prayer as business comes to a standstill. Her or her but the royal house is making changes saudi vision 2030 is a plan to keep Living Standards stable even if Oil Prices Sink or demand falls but saudi arabias own Energy Consumption is extremely high. And instead of using the sun they fight against it in saudi arabia in the summer months 70 percent of their electricity is spent for cooling and. The young generation will need even more energy more than half of the population is under 25. 00. Youth unemployment is high. Theres a lack of private employers and training especially for women. In some 33000000. 00 people live in the kingdom of saudi arabia 20000000. 00 a saudi citizen the National Revenue is around 180000000000. 00 u. S. Dollars 87 percent of that comes from oil. This International Team is researching the future of solar energy theyre developing Solar Energy Collectors in every imaginable a full room tiny power plants. And heads the team shes turkish holds a ph d. From germany and is a researcher here in saudi arabia. The teams truly sensational invention doesnt look like much at 1st glance. Ive shown youre actually a break to a technology that can make any window into our solar panel so what were seeing here is were able to generate electricity from windows with some special coatings on top off but its still visible to your eyes like any other window. So our Technology Actually offer is a great platform where you can make any building a Power Generation yourself. The solar window is one of many painted technologies from couse to the King Abdullah university of science and technology it was founded by a former saudi king as a private University Independent from the ministry of education the campus has its own rules and women arent required to wear the abaya its perhaps a taste of what some young saudis would like to see for the future of their country. The Solar Power Research center has adapted its architecture to the extremely hot climate there is shaded skylights and a pedestrian area to provide natural ventilation and cooling the design since the message that the future is about to change. Thank you professor in mcculloch is the centers director. He worked at the renowned Imperial College london until 2014 a few. His students joined him when he moved here because team says the facilities here a unique part of the university is largely financed by a foundation which gives the researches more financial security. And freedom for female research is women are welcomed as colleagues here. Industries like passion. I Love Industries lets because 1st time he was 16 years old when i 1st studies studied about chemistry only that i just liked it so much and i fell in love with it so in that time i decided to discover more and more about chemistry and go deep into it. Were trying to create materials that absorb the light from the sun or from indoors and primeau it from the song and then we can use that to start a Chemical Reaction and then the Chemical Reaction we create hydrogen in this case from water just cold water splitting so creating hydrogen. Energy source so this could be a potential replacement for a bottle of oil could be a big solar of hydrogen. Oil to hydrogen would be a radical switch perhaps the next generation will make it a reality. The hope of course is that they will be able to play a prominent role in some of the larger more influential so the companies of the future so i think that we are educating to some extent the elite of the save the. Student population the coast is a model that hopefully in the future is going to be replicate it. So if you. Cast also has daycare facilities which helps contribute to the Research Environment in a country that is seeking to lessen its dependence on oil. A mother who works full time is still an exception in saudi arabia. Liquid admin to. Me and i both have our daily tasks. The things we do for each other the household and family. Its worked out well so far thank god. There are difficulties and challenges. With the thought that she had but she had did her bachelors when we were already married and got excellent results were here with the always on our dream is even bigger well she wants to achieve more and of course i have to help her were going to. The 3 of them live on campus even their y l works in mecca a 2 hour journey away he commutes so that his wife can continue researching the technology that could help secure the countrys future. But theres a big obstacle to overcome in replacing oil with solid power and thats dust. In the desert state of saudi arabia there are more than 3000 sunlight hours a year and almost no rain dust coats the equipment and reduces efficiency. So that stated we can lose 2030 percent of the output so we need to be removing it and ideally moving every day because. And you dont get that layering effect of the dust right now its super layered on i mean this is this is quite a stiff bristle brush. It starts to come off. A stray an inventor george eitel who has set up his Company Nomad based on the idea of brushing the dust off instead of rinsing it saudi engineer ahmed out a sari is a member of the chain hes also be getting frustrated about the effect of dust on solid modules. Surprisingly i never knew the there is one person in the field that actually take tackling the same issue that i was the actual customer arrays and they say ok this is a problem that needs to be solving no one is doing a great job its all in it i would like to join your team and become one of the main problems or one of the Biggest Challenges that face this whole industry. There solution is an electric brush with very fine bristles it constantly sweeps the dust away so it cant stick. To. The. Council provided a fellowship that brought computer engineer jamiel shaw well back from the us. I do not imagine myself staying in saudi long term and the. Idea of change more recently coming to cows seeing how things are changing in a direction that i appreciate that i like. To use a simple one. Because all the time. In the past we have seen problems to be as something to be avoided or ignored rather than opportunities to. Embraced and this is a cultural mindset not just in the middle east but worldwide if were honest but what were seeing is is a reevaluation of the problems that exist like that and a new way to address them. Are mad and jamila trying to reconcile innovation with the countrys traditions. Making it has a lot of young people has a lot of people that want to see the kingdom change and that doesnt mean their traditions just gone but it means that things can exist at the same time. Foreign investment would also help saudi make the break from oil. But the 2018 investors conference in the capital riyadh attracted far fewer western guests than it did the year before. Saudi arabias relationship with europe and the u. S. Has been strained since the brutal murder of a saudi journalist Business Activity is deeply affected by political events especially in this part of the world. Saudi arabia is going out of its way to bring in investment. To king abdul Industrial Valley promises Foreign Investors low rents low energy costs and hardly any tax still the response has been muted thus far. There are plans to build an ultra modern city next to the Industrial Area for up to 2000000 residents. Theres even a golf course already. Huge industrial port is under construction and another city several times bigger than this one is being planned for the north of the country to entice investors. Slowly but surely the country is starting to realize that oil alone wont keep it going for ever. The saudi arabias regional rival is its neighbor qatar a much smaller country but with a similarly powerful economy to its huge natural gas reserves. In several middle Eastern Countries cut diplomatic ties with qatar in september 2017 following allegations of financing terrorism. Qatar is reacted with patriotism and assurance that they would manage just fine without their powerful neighbors Migrant Workers keep the qatari economy going. The amirs vision for the future is to have more private enterprise that doesnt depend on gas and to foster of all highly educated population. To. 2. 6000000 people live in the emirate of qatar. 240008 citizen. National revenue is around 44000000000. 00 u. S. Dollars 76 percent of that comes from natural gas. I thought was blessed with Natural Resources as well as it serve any centric position in the middle east and in the middle of the world if you wish so other not only in the Foreign Policy but when it comes to the for example the scene of education. Created the Education City which is serving as an educational harmful to the entire region. Qatar has Brought International universities and think tanks into the country including the Brookings Institution from the u. S. Qatar has identified like the knowledge economy and Education Sector as r. K. Components of it so versification carter generally there has been a very good space to have intelligent independent dialogue and researchers and these organizations are allowed the space to be able to do the work that into the. The Brookings Institution has boy some criticism of the countrys economic policy. A large share of the National Population is involved in government work they have government positions their place in government they have these the high salaries short working hours job security these are all very good things well when a country starts talk with the need to diversify its usually far into their 1st official the private sector so i think in general you. Need to encourage entrepreneurial spirit and entrepreneurship involves risk taking. The Main Driving Force in the private sector is construction New Buildings going up everywhere. Construction is also taking place underground the capital doha now has a metro system that will have 4 lines once complete. The 10s of thousands of people who work on these mega projects mainly come from abroad working conditions have improved following International Criticism most of the moderates arrive with no training and learn on the job. These kinds of contracts and not attracted to skilled workers. Tyreese are more likely to do administrative jobs and i still prefer to work for state owned companies. Rethinking old ways will take time in cata says a spokesman for the metro association. And then well see that up under the dome of the well its a very new kind of transport system for qatar. So itll take a while for people to realize that its safe and environmentally friendly. And worked well for a metro will save time money and of course energy. Saving energy and reducing the countrys dependence on natural gas is at the forefront of the new sustainable city center of doha this is the district of michiru named after the springs and wells that sustained the ancient desert cities. And thats good for the. You can close the roof so the whole square is in the shade during the day or. So level and weve created a new architectural language so that the mothers body knows that the structure of the stones on the facades prevents the sun from shining directly into the buildings but to live in the for the shards of. The architects were inspired by the past where no houses in cata had energy guzzling air conditioning them a share of district uses wind to cool the area naturally you can see how it works in the Old Buildings that still exist here. Doesnt limit but this building has been built in such a way that the wind from the north blows in and cools the entire building. Ground has many advantages too it doesnt absorb heat so the building stays cool and also the dust sticks to it. So when the wind blows through the building it doesnt stir any of it up was that it got one shot. Residential and Office Buildings in this district would use up to 30 Percent Less Energy at least thats what the government is aspiring to. In just a few decades the capital doha has transformed from a fishing village into a lively metropolis. And. The tiny emirate of qatar is now well known all over the western world but its almost defiant in its pride to be an independent nation. Of. Qatar has taken on an Important Role in World Politics and wants to retain it. The Foreign Ministry is also involved in cutters vision 2030 that will hopefully create a future independent of natural gas. People sometimes think that the 2030 vision of because of you know the fact that other countries are launching there is only recently that the father has joined the club as a matter of fact others had that vision in 2008 launched and that at that time we didnt have the world cup. We didnt win it but then as soon as that happened that was integrated into the overall vision. Sporting events could also provide an alternative source of income. To the khalifa stadium can be. When Host International events in the summer because of its gigantic air conditioning system its the only one in the world in an open stadium. Katters World Cup Commission is responsible not only for planning the event but also for what comes after how can the economy build on the expertise thats been brought into the country. All of the sporting or International Events it has i mean a lot of it and to see an International Expert used to come and delivering the event. I mean there will be going to the next event to show the knowledge that is ringback here within about that and within the region. This just goes to center to ensure i mean to deliver education and training to the sporting industry. Sustainability is also part of the sporting industry at least thats the message the World Cup Commission wants to convey for example with the 1st fifa stadium to be recycled after the world cup. The whole a stadium as will be. This month after that on the month of the world be broken down into a different use of sword so i can be the stadium itself can be rebuilt elsewhere with this image with addition of everybody down into smaller resolutely. The building is made from shipping containers and steel girders after the world cup cutter could theoretically sell the stadium to the u. S. From mexico so it can be rebuilt there for 2026 as long as the politicians play ball. Oh man it doesnt just look different than its neighbors and their towering skylines. The sultanate is having an easier time. On the alternatives to oil and natural gas for one because its reserves are smaller than those of its neighbors and a mans economy was flourishing even before the discovery of oil. Life here is still shaped by fishing crafts and trade and women also have a big role in society. A man has diplomatic relations with all the gulf states including qatar. Its ancient citadels and fortified buildings and now just part of the countrys history the country practices a more moderate form of conservative islam. Some 4600000. 00 people live in the sultanate of amman 2500000. 00 a citizens National Revenue is around 22000000000. 00 u. S. Dollars 73 percent of that comes from oil and gas. Much as the Historic District of a mans capsule muscat and one of the citys major Tourist Attractions more than 3000000. 00 visitors come to amman every year mainly from germany and france. To resume is the biggest industry up to oil and gas and it grows every year by 6 percent. The governments next aim is to build a port for large cruise ships right in the front of the old town. But wont mass to resume ruin the historic area. Geographer manuel a good pilot is hoping to answer this question with her research. Shes lived in muscat for 14 years oman has a lot to offer and a lot to lose that much is clear from a visit to the beit random museum. For. The more than 2 days ahead all. This is. That. The black robes arrived in the country with the rise of oil and the influence of saudi arabia that also brought a more conservative way of life. The man well hopes to find a form of gentle tourism thats compatible with local tradition. In a way a conservative country youve got a village in the interior you need to really observe the way you dress the way you talk to people you know its not that you know you need to really look around you the environment youre in and conform to it to the countrys self thats where the toys will enjoy and we as the villagers would welcome them to come to the country over an arms talk to them. In since has been bought and sold in the matter bazaar for centuries. But what will happen to the little shops with the growing hordes of tourists manuela asked some of the shop owners. There to resume has changed what sold here there are a few every day goods and more souvenirs. Many omanis are now giving up their shops and leasing them to migrants. But. Once one that wasnt quite there around 200. Doesnt cruise ship tourists came here last year it doesnt sound like much but when you consider that the population of matra is only around 200000 and that really is a lot it gets overcrowded very easily its like a football. Many a moving away from match because they feel like strangers even on the streets they grew up on the chicken the one. At home reassured me everything used to be colorful around here thats about what was up in the bubble lots of things still are but lots arent as much as you have to set up and these are caves with no substance we all model was used to shape this place. Other than the gun. But some of the old shops are holding out their products might seem out of place but this is exactly what their money customers are looking for. What it is some people come from villages far away the owner explains his father moved here 929 from india. To start this business from the little. End although most people would say yes. And it was like you want to sit on them and then when you go you know in the day today. When asked about the future of his shop he had just one answer everything should stay exactly as it is. Travelling through a man can be like a journey through time in. Japan after is a Mountain Range in the north of the country. And there. Is a tiny village of supra has been clinging to this a scotland for 400 years. If you. Think abdullah shrieky was born here just like his brothers and cousins now theyre turning the homes of their ancestors into guest houses for tourists. The. Other guy out of the office and my grandfather used to live in this room and this is going off you know. Obviously we prefer to varnish the wood with all of oil because its a natural oil. Well it preserves the beauty of the door and protects it and. For families used to live around their grandfathers room just a few years ago life happened outside the rooms which is for sleeping and cooking on the open fire. A road now leads to the other side of the valley and the villages have moved into modern houses. I didnt get into life in the new village is much more convenient than in the old and hey nation right next to the road. So with a car everything you need is nearby. We have electricity and t. V. Which is nice of course. Thats the gist of the interview so it was. I dont have also thought i had to tickle weve created something really special here with this simple set up our guest house is different from other hotels tourists can experience what the place used to be like. And this is the kind of gentle tourism that could help replace oil and gas revenue. Fishing has always been an important part of a mans economy. As. Busy a mark also nonny grew up in a fishing family in korea yet but nowadays the journey out to sea is really worth it. Though their grandfathers told us they used to fish right here on the beach but if we have to go further and further out. Without us us thats why that is like. One solution is aquaculture. The armani Ministry Officials has set up its own research and Development Center for the industry. Amar has been working for the private Aquaculture Company blue waters. For over a year now. About 80 percent of the employees are a manny. Unlike many citizens in neighboring countries they dont shy away from jobs outside the air conditioned office blocks. But here to the private sector is considered a risky alternative to secure government jobs. Either side of the militia and id advise all young people to look for jobs outside the government. If you dont get a job there try applying to private companies. Plus. Blue waters lowered its 1st aquaculture cages into the sea in 27 changed. Just a year later they produce 350. 00 tons of fish. Being at sea nation for example and all the people are traveling all over the place and that is in africa and in the continent subcontinent and therefore this is part of their activities in the past but with the oil to iraq that we are living in this has not been well received or well managed so people are lists willing to take risks we have better chances on trying to set our our approach to. Our young people people in place before being more into can or small innovative. Rocks could also provide an alternative to oil and gas a man whos been trading minerals since ancient times. The name stone from. Actually it was dog your. Calcium carbonate which is necessary for their making up their women as you see it is very white the purity is really. Suitable for making the cement. A man is one of the few nations on the Arabian Peninsula with the rocky terrain 2 percent of its g. D. P. Comes from mineral exports spurred by the Building Construction industry in neighboring countries. In most of the gulf states its the next biggest industry after or oil and gas theres money to be made from cement. The minerals are playing a rule here in measure all in all my home with all of the challenges the major challenges on these our environment should be there is a strategy and a plan for it that not everything we would take it we should keep something for future research and development should be also contain was and to the. Mining. The project manager has created a lab in the factory alongside his job hes also doing a doctorate at the university of leeds in cement of course. This is the same. Privilege using with from oil and gas and we are trying to. Explore the possibility of recycling those materials. As a raw material for cement manufacturing. The 1st attempts were successful. Yesterdays industrial waste is becoming to grow material of tomorrow. Hello out to me is concerned with sustainability and part of that is giving a bigger role to women for example as engineers. Increasing numbers of the money women are now studying mostly natural sciences. Like at the German University in muscat the only German University on the entire Arabian Peninsula most of the students here are women. One reason is that men tend to go abroad to study while women stay at home. Because of the boom women are also studying subjects here that a male dominated in europe. Like applied geosciences and a professor Wilfred Bauer from germany teaches the subject he says that studying he also encourages women to aspire to a korea like theyre called most of my family members are and the Petroleum Industry so big and you say this i cant i cant be in the petroleum i actually did a training in Petroleum Companies but i also have like the new industry of minerals this is a new i think in our mind the tourism the hydrology so we have lots of sectors we can participate in. Geosciences are opening up new economic sectors for the future and they also reach deep into all mans history. In the largest off year light in the world has in our mom its the former ocean floor that formed here on the arabian tectonic plate a little more than 1000000000 years ago. That was guns or something very special every year hundreds if not thousands of geologists come here to study the structure of the ocean floor here on the board of the borders. What would normally lies several kilometers below sea level is part of the mans landscape. Is on her way to this ancient seabed the cliffs here a made up of its layers which are easily accessible to researchers. To geologists works full time is Vice President of the Oman Geological Society and is a mother. She documents and measures the geological history of her country. 800000000 years worth of it. Thats the upper most part of that if youre lying its called. Buzzards. And thats mainly for the sea floor when the magma actually has the cold water so sorry to find that he will bellows. Anyone who knows what theyre looking for can recognize pillow lava immediately the lower section of the old feel light is called the mantle rock molten mantle that solidified several kilometers below the cold sea floor. Theyre quite unique in terms of they are attracting the public. Lets say attention because theres recently the studies fury that saves a few that actually can capture the Carbon Dioxide from the air and then and transform it into Different Minerals so thats reducing the Carbon Dioxide percentage from the atmosphere. If these rocks could store the climate kill a c o 2 than a man one of the Biggest Oil Producers could actually help mitigate the impact of fossil fuel production. But this research requires the support of the sultan. This is one of the most delicate issues when it comes to the future of the gulf without political change the economy one change either. We normally concentrate on the economic aspects of diversification we have to consider the Economic Cost of this or the politics as well as the social so that could make the impact but so far it has been all lead one side of the way the reason has been govern for a long period of time where the head of state small really full power and if youre going to share that power with the rest and therefore this has been a major constraint. So we need to learn how to undo that practice in the past and try to do it something differently where we can be more excluding more inclusive and more fair to the public many of these days versification initiatives are. Theyre diddling well theyre being successful theyre growing. But what happens if suddenly oil and gas for the stop are they able to continue on their own and in most cases the answer is no so that the trick then is to move from the actual diversification thats the place into diversification thats sustainable in the post oil the gas or. And thats harder to do. Perhaps the Younger Generation will make these change happen if they want to maintain a standard of living economy and politics will have to change. These new generation hungry they realize that the old structures and systems moving forward into a new opportunity and they are excited to be a part of that process. Change is also more achievable if men and women can contribute equally to the process. I really believe women they have lots of capabilities they can do. Good they can actually push their difficulty in the country and over we the children of the country dont help a man to grow then who will lower the commish that we have to work for us no matter what it takes about them to get to the top you have to start at the bottom and. Those are. Whats needed is a generation thats brave enough to experiment and not afraid to fail. We are the future of saudi. We are. We are the ones who are going to change the future of saudi arabia. These optimists have convinced there is a future for them in the gulf beyond crude oil. Alex underfund humble. Our series on tomorrow today. We want to see what he saw to experience what drove him. A journey through latin america following the footsteps of the great scientist. Our next stop the avenue of the mall genos in the ecuadorian the envy. To borrow today in 90 minutes. If you ever have to cover up a murder the best way is to make an accident raring to. Never read a book like this. The Church Minister german streets. Earth home to millions of species a home worth saving. Google ideas tell stories of creative people and innovative projects around the world ideas that protect the climate boost Clean Energy Solutions and reforestation. Using interactive content to inspire people to take action global audience the series of global 3000 on t. W. And online. This is news coming to you live from berlin the death toll jumps in Southern India after monsoon rains and mudslides more than 140 are dead and hundreds of thousands have been displaced search crews are scrambling to rescue those still missing also on the program. Called police fired tear gas into a subway station as they try to get the upper hand over antigovernment protesters during
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