Coming up ahead. And listen house on. A vast expanse and home to people with centuries old traditions. But. The to. Last. Up and. Down to. These days this the hell region has also become known for radical islamists gaining political influence and for young people on the move in search of Better Futures elsewhere we travel to mali any share for this film. This is timbuktu in mali. The streets are once again filled with color and song. But. Celebrations music laughter and dancing have returned to this fabled and mysterious desert city. Back in 2012 things looked very different. In the summer of 2012 armed radical islamists seized control of cities in northern mali including timbuktu. In 2013 a fragile peace was restored to the city on the transparent caravan route and the un has station the blue helmet soldiers in mali since then. But fear insecurity economic problems and unemployment remain there are few prospects especially for younger mali and its. Over 5 years have passed since the occupation but timbuktu is still struggling to regain its identity. Was born here 31 years ago he has spent almost his whole life here and knows nearly every building the only time he left him for 2 was during the occupation when he fled to the capital bamako ali used to work as a tour guide showing americans and europeans his hometown. He agreed to also lead us through the cultural oasis timbuktu. Attractors timbuktu is a living together. You put on mix and then. How the kids are in to look it is different in Different Countries and different areas because each other you can share everything together you can share food together you can share a life together many things us you can share in and used to be. But here and life is. So different and thats why i love to. See that like country. Kind of People Living here. Older brother was also a tour guide and when ali was only 13 he started a company in his brother while he worked thats how he learned english and Everything Else he needed for the job but ever since radical islamists attack the city foreigners have stayed away. Many craftsmen have shops here too. Used to stop by them regularly with tourists. For more than 5 years now life sold practically nothing there are no more tourists only locals occasionally buy something. Tourism was once an important industry for 10 but too especially for young people like. It provided an opportunity for them to make a living here on the edge of the desert. People are always bright even now you see people up right deprived footloose a comeback. Given that the 2 is to come to morrow i think for the pleasure to look to are going to be very happy to head us news to see tourists out of the city in the area because usually to move to the big song and his promise country from which will it be for. Ever when the world and they when they see today are so happy even you guys dont hear people hoping to see you because been a long time to go see white people i dont intend to. That used to be very different there was the famous annual festival oldies there in mali for instance which was held twice on the outskirts of timbuktu tourists from all over the world came to see it. Do it. Youll. Do a good. Bit of the business of it just. Go ahead thank the festival became part of shared memory and helped forge timbuktus image as a place where twal reggae music could be heard in a breathtaking desert scene. Since the 2012 invasion however the festival has had to either be canceled or staged outside of tampa too. But although the security situation in the city continues to deter tourists music on a smaller scale has returned performed by those pushing against the sorrow and the latent threat of islam its. Among them the band booked to jazz they develop their jazz from the traditional music of timbuktu and sing in 3 of the regions languages. Music is everything to me. Ive been playing since i was a small child were going to. Run for it. Its through music that i met so many different people. I got to play and collaborate with. Them so its a big deal for me. When the u. S. Loses where we were not allowed to play but they infiltrated us some we had to pack our guitars and equipment away. There was no music. Your pick. Now musicians from elsewhere are slowly starting to return to 10 back to to give concerts. In timbuktu we think of music as knowledge and i want to say as messengers were here to spread the message of music to people in this entire region. Is a good there is conflict but the message with spreading without singing is for peace for social cohesion and for progress. Isnt it good. When singer id isnt making music he repairs motorcycles and. He can only dream of making a living from his music in timbuktu. Since the jihad has ceded power the local economy has been stagnating real jobs remain scarce but as he continues to dream of a better tomorrow. I hope that someday people all over the world will know our music and. The effects of the occupation can still be seen in timbuktu. It began in 2011 with the revolution in libya which flooded this hell region with weapons from gadhafi is arsenals. When in march 2012 a military coup distracted the Central Government in bhaumik. Reg rebels seized the opportunity and declared independence in the north which they called. But the movement was commandeered by the Islamist Group and sardine. And in june 2012 on sardined seized control of timbuktu. No not. Always peaceful our goal is a religion. We do not need to conquer anything. Condemns violence blame of jihad is to exterminate them throw out of the country those who oppose the spreading of islam. In the synopsis our goal is not to kill people or shed blood the goal of jihad is to rid the country of those who oppose the sharia and the spreading of islam. With us and that is. Many would not describe this as a peaceful way. For 10 months on sardine try to force the people of timbuktu to abandon their moderate and tolerant practice of islam and to impose their radical version. Women had to wear veils they were public floggings music and dance were forbidden. The girls didnt wear veils before the mujahideen came they said they didnt know that all women had to wear veils they orient themselves on the europeans watch their films the western media manipulate them even if you are from the press you know that the media Like Television and radio manipulate are constantly talking about the western world that is why our daughters and women our children want to lead a western lifestyle. If you will follow. The islamists did not only try to change ways of living and dressing they also destroyed tombs of the saints which they condemned as. Shares of idolatry the attacks on parts of timbuktus historical treasures were attacks on the worlds Cultural Heritage. Is one of timbuktu scholars he is overjoyed that unesco restored the muslims. During the restoration process the destruction of timbuktu was being deliberated by the International Criminal court right you know in the hague. In september 26th teen the court reached a historic ruling that for the 1st time equated the destruction of Cultural Heritage with a war crime the islamist leader. Was sentenced to 9 years in prison for intentionally directing attacks against religious and Historic Buildings in timbuktu it destroys part of humanitys shared memory and collective consciousness and renders humanity able to transmit its values and knowledge to future generations 2. Even timbuktus famous centuries old manuscripts were not safe during the occupation. Has written books about 10 book 2 and the documents serve as important sources the manuscripts are unique testimonies to the cultural history of west africa they were written in arabic and local languages between the 13th and early 20th centuries. The manuscript infinitely important for the people of the city. That they have a very old. To do so tim but to have the Largest University south of the sahara in the 15th and 16th centuries is suncor a university Minus Committee and the manuscripts cover almost all subject to louis ology Traditional Medicine history geography physics chemistry and astronomy the last to me. During the islamist occupation a rescue operation that has since become legendary was started. In. March sections of the manuscripts were reportedly hidden and brought to safety in metal boxes by librarians and other helpers. Going to me when the islamists 1st came to timbuktu and they werent really interested in a manuscript play. But later some of the less educated weiss is who lived here in the library began to unbutton certain manuscripts key. Up rhonda lemon is clearly a good thing. When the local people realized what was happening they did everything they could to save the manuscript. I live in my new screen. It remains unclear how many manuscripts were destroyed or stolen during the islamists rule. Some estimates say it could have been 4000 before the french and mali in armies were able to drive the islamists out of timbuktu. But thousands of manuscripts were hidden and even smuggled as far as the capital bamako including the collection belonging to the family of Abdul Qadeer Haidar who had become known as the savior of the manuscripts. The mama collection is one of the most extensive and important in timbuktu and is said to contain about 42000 handwritten documents. Only. We packed the manuscripts in metal boxes to keep them safe before smuggling them out. We started transporting them little by little. I rode in a jeep certain small boats. And ross a new genre river. This would turn out to be just the beginning securing the manuscript has since become a mammoth task. Abdul qadeer has converted an entire house in the mali in capital bamako also with financial help from germany. It is here that the manuscripts have been digitized catalogued and archived for several years now in order to secure them once and for all from mali and the world. Someone is going to. We cant live without the manuscript. Off it everything we do has to do with them. Not into question when we talk about education or health when we talk about our intellectuals our history everything we know about this comes from the manuscripts. There are reports that the scope and course of the manuscript rescue operation may have been exaggerated embellished perhaps also to help raise funds. Whatever the truth is the smuggling story has revived the myth of timbuktu and the timbuktu manuscripts are undoubtedly an important Cultural Heritage. But the situation in the city is still too insecure to bring the manuscripts back to their home. Were not here and by marco because we want to be here and that we have to be here when security is restored well go back to timbuktu with the manuscript. Thats what we wish for. That. Got to bear mosque in timbuktu is the largest of its kind in west africa it was built in the 14th century and has been part of unesco World Heritage since 1980. 5 ben recently became the a mom here like generations before he is his predecessors heir and thus also the temporary owner of the library. 8000. 00 manuscripts were hidden during the islamist occupation as well. Now the 26 year old uses the documents to prepare for friday prayers and once again preaches the tolerant and moderate form of his nom for which the desert city always stood until the islamists invaded. You know through his neck in this book too we know no other islam than a tolerant 10. 00 at the end it it to be a muslim means to accept each other that is islam as a sense its forbidden to hama nava this is the islam we practice here in timbuktu and in a lot of question this is what is from calculation. They are looking for yes. Oh i am glad. Alert. During this friday prayer alphabet essay you spoke about the evil of ego ism. Was. This is the tone set by his forefathers and a tolerant islam. Or harm her. Ali nearly the tour guide is glad that tolerant islam is once again being practiced in his home city. But obviously feels the old fable trading town on the edge of the sahara through which large salt caravans once past has fallen into oblivion. Many things continue to worry him even though the occupation of timbuktu by the islamists was 5 years ago life remains very difficult especially for younger people. And even though i was from somewhere like us or maybe someday space meeting each other theres not just news in books a good break every 2 nothing for the youngest to do to have a farm somewhere to go have fun 2 2. There is excellent food like the meat skewers in this little street kitchen. But because of the bad roads it takes at least 2 days to reach the capital bamako from timbuktu ringback which reinforces the feeling of seclusion. Fear is still a topic here. And not feel like safe to look at something severe like bach to a nightclub or maybe Something Like that dresser right up and go. And there are still attacks by islamists. In april 28th jihadists managed to detonate car bombs at the airport. The airport building was almost completely destroyed. During the president ial election in august 28th the situation was again tense for fear of violence the turnout was low and there was unrest. In addition to mali and french armies the un troops remain in timbuktu to provide security and peace. To. Lieutenant colonel beachfront a shot from nepal is on patrol today. The u. N. Mission in mali is one of the organizations most dangerous. To have. Outside the city. We are kind of. Short range but for the city. But. We need protection. Germany also participates in the un mission in mali around 100. 00 soldiers are stationed here which after afghanistan is the 2nd largest of the current 14 Foreign Missions carried out by the german armed forces. The primary objective in mali is to keep the population safe. And even to. Address the locals with the only we are people that know what a good security situation that is. No money down but now this time its a good if you do this and somehow its ok for less. Than a pretty noble offer but i think. The situation has improved a little also economically. The governor of 10 back to province says this is especially important for younger generations. Laziness it would let you know that young people and more vulnerable members of society are particularly susceptible to being recruited by islamists or branded these. Waters and both young and that is a danger. This is why it is so important to support that you can build their resilience Everything Else and then also give them Economic Opportunity that is the activity you could do. For the young people in timbuktu need and seek a perspective. So does. Who lives in the middle of the city with one of his 3 brothers. He has managed to build a Small Business venture to earn a little money. Runs a website together with an american through which he sells postcards from his home city which he then sends all over the world. The idea is simple if tourists wont come to timbuktu then timbuktu can come to that. When you see that there so youre your message you send it to here in to look to for any way maybe you can send maybe your United States of america you want have a postcard from you know from to look to you were just what it by the web site and from that website you see your address and they said you want to could be. That you send it its a way to you know state where you are for. For 10. 00 you can receive a postcard handwritten from one of the most legendary places in the world ali and his colleagues wont get rich doing this and if something doesnt change soon in terms of 2 then ali doesnt see a future for himself here anymore. Meanwhile he isnt the only young person trying to come up with new ideas for the future. This is a lead sheet to raise a Young Filmmaker and friend of. Speakers and other equipment were being brought to our library for a screening. Ligi was nervous because it was his film being shown. He made it together with friends. Of the film is an important project for cultural life in turn back to. This is the 1st time that a film has been shown thats entirely from timbuktu if you says it is an important moment. And its the 1st time that people from timbuktu will go to the cinema. To do. The story about children in turn back to is made up. But the films message is real those. In the film we show the culture timbuktu. Pastilles the architecture. Everything that concerns our city. We want to create a feeling of in the style for the people who no longer in the city. That we want to arouse the curiosity of those whove never been here. Community to be. A ligi and his film crew spent 6 months shooting in turn back to with the simplest of means. To laptops on a homemade table and served as an editing suite a sponge had to suffice for the noise suppression during sound mixing. The film was made with few means but plenty of passion. It indeed was a challenge and weve never done it before but we tried and i guess well know tonight how we did if the audience encourages us well continue. To work with. Everyone was welcome at the film premiere including ali ni ali who wouldnt have missed his friends big day. The screening became a social and cultural event in the desert city. Even the mayor of timbuktu was present. Thank him for time this is a decision not to look to said oh boy this film is so important because it was made by young people from timbuktu you know grody and says it is thats a great achievement which we value as you see even when youre with energy shows the life of young people in our city its a satisfying feeling but i must say it seemed to us that these folks you know. Legendary timbuktu the desert city on the edge of the sahara still hasnt quite found its way the scars of the islamist occupation and the problems of the last years are still visible. The contrast between timbuktus former glory and the present day creates a certain tension. Still alimi ali feels hopeful especially when he is drinking tea with his friends on the sand and his thoughts are free to wander. I wish my best to move to what i wish him to move to talk of peace. And living together like you used to know. The mashup song that living together sharing 2 together like you used to know before the 2 irish into 2 i hope youll be ok. Dreams of finding happiness in his hometown he wants to stay here but there are many Young Africans from his age group who want to leave and look for happiness elsewhere but the path there is dangerous for example when they travel through the republic of leisure there. This is the sun harra on the border between egypt and algeria. Is a grave digger close to love june every day he buries people who did not make it through the desert on their journey north. Since 2016 a law prohibiting migration or flight towards the mediterranean has been in force in asia. Since those laws have been a lot of deaths most of them foreigners for them transit via me jet to our gerri has been banned now travel secretly to get lost or die of thirst and exhaustion and we found the bodies near here in the direction of algeria back that. We cant identify them they all travel without papers which it was very dim that that was 3 weeks ago to know all the dead people here are strangers. Are going to be sure. There are said to be tens of thousands of dead in the desert the exact figure is unknown europe wants to keep african migrants in africa and to this end the government in asia has been working with the e. U. To secure and close its northern border to libya and algeria. We traveled through the sahara its a dangerous journey. Even by car theres a risk of sandstorms 40 degrees celsius and theres no shade nor are there roads we traveled in a military convoy. Large unit is the last village before the algerian border. Anyone headed for algeria has to pass through here. For years use of only living as a middleman connecting migrants looking for a ride with Truck Drivers for 3 at the time this was legal now everything has changed your mind about with the new law i can hardly find any migrants would be i carry luggage back and forth to earn a little money at least. The use of told us that ever since the e. U. Started exerting pressure on asia the business of moving migrants happens almost exclusively at night others also tell us of jeeps that cross the desert border in the cover of darkness the trucks shown here were full of workers from the air since spring 2017 algeria has been extradited huge numbers of migrants who had previously spent years living in algeria back in tunisia. But its a tense situation in algeria 6 or 7 months ago they started to arrest and throw out all the black people they could find. Where not criminals we just trade but allow willing when a situation has eased ill return. There were only citizens from the share in the truck convoy headed south it seems those who come from elsewhere from senegal cameroon or ghana must walk there a video shot with mobile phones documenting this according to reports 13000 africans were deposited at the border last year its a 12 kilometer walk from the border to asm. And to a un refugee tent financed by the Italian Interior Ministry from here the expulse get loaded onto trucks and deported back to their home countries on. The journey through nisha is 1400 kilometers. We followed the convoy. Patterns for hit by a sandstorm fitocracy 3 hours to cover 100 kilometers at dusk we reached the couple of. Is the 2nd poorest country in the world with a per capita income of just 27. 00 euros 80 per month women give birth to an average of 7 children giving these year the worlds highest birth rate unemployment is immense and now nisha is supposed to stop migrants who want to go north with the help of 1000000000 euros the e. U. Is to provide an aid through 2020. Interior minister mohammad is proud of the cooperation. There. Right now there is no state in libya. A game in asia where is in effect currently the border to europe here a lot of us have you won the fight against clan to stand migration securely. You cant win this fight for good. But weve had a lot of success much more than you can imagine. Critics like human rights activists most of chang gary take a different view of the situation and that is that me for some years now mischas government has been acting as the police force of the European Union in the fight against what the e. U. Calls illegal migration and still allow this to go on the she aim is to prevent people from traveling to the north to the areas beyond i got that as well and thats the policy of museums government so i set up with 2000. Doctors without borders and hide me go in a mobile clinic to care for people affected by this policy there are tens of thousands of them. Referred to since migrants have been criminalized here its become increasingly difficult they can no longer move freely have no status and no access to health care that is why were helping them. Were going to offer them all the. Typical symptoms include exhaustion depression and open wounds these men while also being returned to their homelands that were waiting for transport haitian and had already been on the road for a month. Do you know you dont know she said look it was terrible in algeria they sold us in a border town until violence some of us were killed. Beat us until we called home and organized money. But dont say it if i do that i mean it is a well you dont and i think that they do but i think maybe you know you told you she was very very helping the cause it was really good it was like a mole so many friends would all do you want out of life and for them will be just i dont know what ill do in my home country ill be on my own but the real fun is no accommodation itll just be more difficult. The migrants told us it is acting like europes belts and affecting even those who were never trying to go to europe. Or offered schoolgirls but for my rhythm or what were finding is that migration flows are mainly horizontal in other words between individual west african countries or even within a given country for all the political acts of those headed for europe is the minority or on the recent or over. There used to have open borders for people from all over west africa. The country belongs to the Economic Community of West African States or eco as a free trade zone in which some states even share a common currency now the e. U. Still with is severely restricting cross border trade and Free Movement of workers. The consequences of which can be seen clearly in places like the capitals bus station. New because a use of hardly sells any tickets to the north anymore. Theres been a change the migrants who used to come from other countries are no longer here so. They are living in hiding. We met a 19 year old senegalese who wanted to go to algeria to work he asked us not to film his face. My older brother was in libya then they sent him back when you return the money situation is where everything is very difficult. Back so i have to go around he said i dont go to libya trial period. When we met the man from senegal he told us he had been hiding in the shack together with the goat for a year because the government has tightened the migration of those the Bus Companies no longer want to transport him so he found a different way we called a truck driver who had agreed to transport the senegalese men hidden between goods to the algerian border. Charge 1000. 00 euros at the checkpoint motorcyclist gets 10 euros to drive the migrants around the controls. The customers get back in the truck we have one to 3 customers pajoy me. We left the capital and began our trip to i get is. Anyone heading to algeria must pass through here during the rainy season rivers overflowing their banks and roads become barely passable. We were slowly guided through. The day of the hub for migrants on their way to algeria and libya for decades local nomads and illegal and good living here leading people through the desert once they used to be mainly tourists then it was african migrants. But now the twice or regarded as criminal people smugglers many around employed. This work brings un credible sums of money lives and i look at them with the government wants to compensate us with 1500 or 2500 euro. Missiles i can feel that some isnt enough to give the young people the courage to stop this job. This man was the head of the agadez to libya until the government confiscated his carts i dont know no knowledge on those who used to have cars dont have them anymore those who used to have 2 wives dont have a single one anymore weve lost everything all our belongings. The e. U. Has promised 2500 euro through each person affected by the crackdown on the migration market allegedly only 300 have received compensation and the official list of recipients seems problematic limited because he dismissed as completely useless im discovering more and more names here that have nothing to do with our im ok to day as a Student University but any more morrow has nothing to do with it thats the younger brother of our sultan he doesnt work. The men have asked the mayor for a meeting about the list but their requests have gone unanswered some say their frustration could escalate. If you begin this it would be my message to the European Union and its partner the government of nigeria you must find a solution for us otherwise only god knows what will happen he said self 6 of us if i separate with no other viable employment options migration through the desert continues here sticks will being distributed for the passengers to hold onto as the jeeps raced through the desert. The men told us that they work regularly in libya. What else can i do im paul and a man mustnt be idle i have 3 wives and 6 children are my supposed to feed them ive been going to libya regularly since 2012. Before found nothing and returned now im trying again. The e. U. Is willing to commit both money and political influence to stop migrants from coming into europe and to keep africans in africa in the past 6000 people per week started the journey to the north today there are 600 this might look like an early success but the price is high there are thousands who can no longer earn a living frustrated nomads who may revolt and an entire region with Free Movement has been restricted. Declining marched realises wait a 2nd we want the whole picture our facts instead of make ideas shifts to live us. From another reality to cryptocurrency your topics for live in an adventure changing Digital World lets talk digitalisation. Shift. D. W. T. Good shape. Most people have a lot to look forward to. Thats when youre diagnosed with cancer never seems to hold. Dr carsten like talks to young people who are fighting back. And will learn about the latest developments in cancer treatment. Good shape in 30 minutes on t w. E take it personally i went with the wonderful people and stories that make the game so special. For all true fans was funny. Because more than football on mine. This is deja vu news live from berlin and the United States reels from 2 Mass Shootings just hours apart at least 9 people are reported dead in dayton ohio after a man opened fire in a bar some 16 more are injured a suspected gunman has been killed. Also coming up on the same day 20 people were killed and dozens wounded in a mass shooting in El Paso Texas a gunman opened fire inside a busy and Walmart Store fortys are describing the shooting as a hate crime