Muscle soreness what it is and how to treat it. And inside the intestine how important are bacteria for a good gut feeling. Heres your host dr custom lekota hello and welcome to in good shape this is a bottle full of germs yuck this this is disgusting but bacteria only a Health Threat to us theyre potent for well being one and a half liters of them live an hour got a loan and they are partly responsible if we had a dump or if we smart if we are a few obese or if we healthy or unhealthy. How do they possibly do this this is what im going to talk about with wolf. Here in the show it believe. So the and thirty of bacteria that live on our in and out of surfaces can be considered an organ with many implications for human health and disease. Imagine that you suffer from migraines are diabete is are frequent colds and you go and visit your g. P. And the first thing he examines is your gut. This may come as a surprise to you but im quite confident that in a few years this will be standard procedure practice that a healthy stomach is a key for your well being. The human intestine is home to a weird and wonderful universe of its own trillions of bacteria live in our gut and our Health Depends on that. And think thats a far greater influence than we previously thought. Pab book is a specialist in the field and is used to working with stools. He works for the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in heidelberg bason aided by the gut and its inhabitants. We have a kilo and a half of bacteria inside us and the intestine covers an area the size of two Tennis Courts if you stretch it out and thats its is as in every day we discover Surprising New things about how i got teary interact with us mention for. As book explains we need these bacteria because they extract nutrients from the food we eat. Hes also discovered that there are several different gut types. Fucked is a star isnt just one healthy type it seems that our three. So as with blood groups we all have a particular got type as a result digestion occurs differently from person to person it depends on your individual set of bacteria certain gut microorganisms may cause obesity in mice at least transferring the gut bacteria from a fat mouse to a thin mouse caused the latter to become fat. Together with other researchers fork wants to find out of this applies to humans too. Hes compiling a collection of peoples gut data. As we can should we take a stool sample and collect the genetic material from it. The results show that the diversity of gut bacteria is different in slim and overweight people. Its preferable to have a lot of different strains of bacteria. As any fitly of the city study showed that a quarter of people have produced biodiversity in the gut. And that correlates with trikes that arent very desirable by. Like an increased risk of inflammation is equal. Sterility is vital in hospitals but excessive cleaning and fear of germs have become part of everyday life which is bad news for us and our bacteria but it is a gastroenterologist at berlins shyte a hospital. Every day she sees increasingly young patients who suffer from chronic and her right has an inflammation of the intestine that conses swelling and bleeding in patients with enteritis the microbiota is also thrown off balance leading to a decrease in good bacteria and an increase in bad bacteria plus bacterial diversity is lower than in Healthy People. Its not yet known of these dips and good bacteria cause diseases but one thing is clear in the intestine the bacteria are operating alongside the bodys defense systems. So i know if you think about the surface of the intestine a quarter or half a soccer field thats a big surface. And everywhere under that surface terrorist cells of the immune system there are so many its clear is that this is the main part of the human immune system the hope tie this up as to this. Multiple sclerosis diabetes even Heart Disease could potentially be traced back to the gut says dr zygmunt. She wants to understand how bacteria and the immune system are connected and how they affect each other. And how we can make positive changes to the gut there might one day be a bacterial treatment to cure chronic diseases. And he was dr and he is different than andy and in microbiologist and hes head of the department for like about a g. At the sherry in the Little Things having me today just popping a pill with some intestinal flora in it can this cure tronic diseases if there is this vision of the future i think many studies that we are looking at are probably showing us associations between certain types of microbes that we carry in us and certain types of diseases and now a human is more than a microbe and a disease so there is the new system in between this and the feeling of those in between though there is reason to believe that also those who have probably something to say as has the genetic makeup of our organism so in the end of the day i think the promise is there but what we still need is more decisive in causal studies to india and link certain types of bacteria to certain types of diseases and i think that is still the way to go so what are the functions of the intestinal organs is it the immune system perhaps of course the immune system and that is a bit was a bit of a surprising or hard to explain finding for a long time that the immune system is directly underlying the book curia that basically live for an hour or surfaces and the immune system of course is there to react to microbes and so i think what we now understand is that basically in the absence of an infection just when commends rules and the immune system it that they are indeed being signals generated that are probably good for us in a certain sense of their beneficial and probably help us to a. Hope with the constant. Confrontation that we have to have with microbes and some of them are also at least semi pathogenic in nature so we have to also basically sent them off to a certain extent because after all the intestinal tract is Something Like outside of our body to the surface its not only diskin but what about out in the seas it is linked to the curial system as well if we understand order immunity is basically a too much of an immune response and unwanted type of immune response i think to believe that basically too much of a triggering through the comments of dr would then maybe predispose for immune diseases is something that i personally consider likely. I can follow you there that the immune system in the audience these is a link to the bacteria but what about diseases like depression or getting overweight this could be linked to the bacteria as well if you eat too much which is still i think the basis for visiting or the wrong things so if you eat too much the bacteria can get a bit lazy so they extract less energy and then theres more energy basically available for us so if you then take the microbiome of a person or a the animal that is obese and put it to lean animal. Then this microbiome will at least for a time. Extract less energy and theres very little and then mice and also humans seem to gain weight this is probably nothing that will be endless because at some type it will be also influenced by genetic factors so what you know the lean person brings in for the specific genetic factors that may link to a certain phenotype of disease phenotype but nevertheless there is a clear cut correlation between nutrients and that the type of bacteria that we carry out that is very well documented albert here is produce a lot of stuff and a lot of important things and one of those things is acid and this agent is leaning to inflammation like in multiple sclerosis he is a happy gut the key to good Health Researchers have discovered that it also influences our brains. And gallica has multiple sclerosis and intestinal examination pointed the way to a beneficial their ap. This is mere i have no strength and i can cope better with daily tasks and my concentration is improved just clinton. It all began after and gallup has dr in the city of bochum observed that patients with her condition exhibit alterations in the brain and gut. And if they have observed a change in the composition of the gut microbiome. In other words all of the various bacterial species that live in the human gut. Down within it what weve observed concretely is a reduction in the diversity of gut bacteria. So the key are the bacteria that live in our gut in their trillions their useful little helpers turning the food we eat into substances that are vital to our bodies and our brains such as the fatty acid. People with multiple sclerosis however have less variety of bacteria in their guts than Healthy People their bodies lack sufficient for example. And thats exactly what im gallica schroeders blood work revealed. Her doctor suggested she start taking probiotic acid in pill form as a dietary supplement and it proved effective. After taking one thousand milligrams of proper yannick acid per day for a fourteen day period patients exhibit a significant increase in immune regulators. Into the immune system for police and theres a full employment true self. A possible explanation for the decrease in inflammation is the gut being home to part of our immune system immune cells bacteria and their products come into contact in class here. Because the probiotic acid be helping the bodys defenses it seems to be benefitting agalloch who wants to keep on taking the supplement this. Large scale patient base studies have yet to be conducted but one thing appears clear that healthy brain needs a healthy and happy intestine. We got a lot of viewer questions on Facebook Like you and he wants to know how can we increase the variety of bacteria species with the right nutrition. I mean we do know that nutrition is a driving factor in shaping our microbial. So that its clear how to make it more you know to more variable or to have more variety i think thats not well documented our facebook friend from brazil wants to know if supplements or your coat and rich with intestinal bacteria can help here i mean what is clear is that the book here that are in your court like beefeater book tyria locked of us. Have been overall been in most systems most of them animal systems being regarded as bacteria that are Health Promoting their suppressing immune responses so from their perspective theres probably something to eating yogurt whether your goats that are like then on top of the supplement it was a certain types of probiotics whether that would lead to a Health Benefit i think is in studies not documented yet so if if it would open your fridge at home and take a look inside would i find some enriched your quotes they actually know about you would find your. Ok jennifer which is right the chief insect it was bless the sisters hominy is that her as it is infection of the get into the contract and she wants to know if its dangerous and is shes due to take take so many products and if it is a good but if theyre of course given to patients that dont need them then the associated issues and complications but of course become important so what the answer to the question probably would be of course if you have a life threatening infection you want to take an antibiotic of course if you have a viral infection for example like the seasonal flu like illnesses that will half in the next month they dont really need a percent of its content but can we prevent our period to get messed with if we take antibiotics can we need something to protect them from the i think they should know i mean for it like from the nutrient side theres no recommendation that we should be put in types of nutrients and then we will not see any depletion of booked area so these are booked here and they will be targeted by the antibiotics that we take in most cases they are tolerated very well as you know and it is only in rare cases that it comes to with some gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea or often in a light way but. That is something we normally take into account because we have to fight with the antibiotics of bigger threat like a life threatening infection so i think the tradeoff is here we need to basically see the ups and downs of a certain type of treatment and then we have to decide do we want to cause lets say such guster intestinal symptoms because we have to fight you know a really severe infection and if that cannot be answered like this we should not give antibiotics its a very interesting field in Research Thanks for having me today and i will certainly check out my your course. And if youve got any questions you like me to ask our experts be sure. To write me an email. On the upcoming edition of in good shape we focus on guys what are the latest treatments for Macular Degeneration what sort of lenses are used after a cataract operation if you have a question about any of these topics send an email to in good shape or dot com with the subject line eyes we look forward to hearing from you. Whats the downside of too much sport is it over exertion or is it soul muscles some say that muscle soreness comes from little tiny ruptures inside the muscle cells of the say that its too much selected a set but i dont really care i just want to know is it dangerous. Not only support students suffer from muscle soreness it can be triggered by both strenuous exercise or unaccustomed body movements in everyday situations. But what is muscle soreness. Professor tice works at the institute of sport science at the university of korbel and he knows that exercises like the ones he does with his students can cause muscle pain and he knows why. Hundred ninety two to the old theory was that it was due to a build up of lactic acid but we now know that lactate has a half life of two hours but it was not so for the next day it cant be causing any problems and the latest Research Indicates that there are micro traumas in the tiniest of muscle fibers. And they result in injured tissue. Just ices content to fill its own. Every muscle is comprised of an a ray of muscle fibers excess strain on the muscle results in the minute ten the micro trauma. This process releases inflammatory agents which the body washes out with water the influx of water in turn makes the muscle fibers swell and stiffen causing pain. It normally takes the body two days to respond which is why we arent immediately aware of muscle soreness. So how can we prevent it theres no hard and fast recipe for avoiding so muscles but we can help ourselves. Been introduced to settle on them and if i build up my workout gradually theres less chance of getting muscle stiffness change classic warm up exercises serve more to prevent injury but essentially they have little to do with directly preventing muscle stiffness. From i dont from mostly cut of effects to. Muscle soreness itself doesnt constitute a serious injury and there are no Health Repercussions to fear either the muscles recover and regenerate on their own from those tiny tez. Which measures health theres no specific remedy for treating muscle soreness professor tice warns against pain killers and instead recommends other options. And what killed the environment you can try cold and heat stimulation to reduce the pain a bit some people swear that massages help. All. Though with an intensive sports massage that goes really deep youll notice your body doesnt appreciate the pain. And schmidts it but softer needing can be possible to continue stimulating the metabolic processes. And puts his divide in on school. When should you resume physical exercise. If youre still hurting a few days later try to at least give the areas affected as much rest as possible although if the muscles are in your legs then working out your upper body is fine here are some basic point is a life to be one investor light exercise in water is always an option as is a light session of cycling anything that boosts your blood flow or alleviates pain and movement stimulates your metabolism and digital books written by day nominee. So most of we learned. Increasing your workout routine gradually and on a regular basis will reduce the likelihood of so muscles where strenuous so unaccustomed movements can get you into trouble the saunas should be gone after seven days if not be sure to consult your doctor. When its dark your eyes dont see as well and some people dont see it all in the darkness and this is called night blindness is a very dangerous situation unless of course you know how to fix it. The dozens of headlights and blurred vision can be problematic for not time drivers and potentially fatal. People. When you see how bad some patients eyesight is its pretty scary especially when you think about them driving at night and the dangers they are exposed to on the road not the most encouraging appraisal ophthalmologist. Knows about the pitfalls of night blindness and the range of potential causes in many cases its a symptom of another illness. Night blindness comes in various forms the inherited varieties mean patients see nothing at night starting in childhood. On then there are the acquired forms with a number of associated illnesses such as diabetes or glaucoma or other retinal diseases. And they lead to the patients eyesight gradually getting worse or theyre not seeing anything at all. Gone its mislead. The root of the problem is the retina that contains receptor cells known as cones that help us see colors while others called rods unable is to see in the dark. When the rods are damaged or destroyed by disease not time vision is severely impaired if not last entirely with consequences for the patient. Informing us of the need for the inherited forms cannot be treated while the acquired forms only have a limited there of the options so the condition worsens over time. All we can do is tell patients they should stop driving at night which tends to prompt a negative reaction. In theyre used to their mobility so no longer driving is a real shock but. Not of fun. At the same time retinal diseases are rare and a lot of people have difficulty driving at night. The neck race what is it if not night blindness dr schoenfeld illustrates the problem by testing they are sort of drivers one evening. Do you have problems driving at night time sometimes a bit uncomfortable with the exit signs or base out of focus and i feel under pressure when cars pass in the other direction its been being planned out as the first test how well can she read numbers in the dark. Five to seven nine four eight and then its too difficult so your mission is significantly reduced. And indeed for measurements show that the driver short sightedness is slightly worse than the last time she saw an optician. Stronger lenses would seem to be in order one step fitted she repeats the test you know well thats a lot better. She now manages the next line down as well a clear improvement yes even into fall and this is a typical case of nighttime shortsightedness the eye adjusts more to closer objects for protection the pupils dilate so you need exactly the right prescription. As weve seen here a stronger prescription results in better vision. So daytime shortsightedness becomes worse in the dark and wearing lenses that are not Strong Enough exacerbates the problem. A lot of drivers are bothered by the glare from the lights of oncoming traffic all wrecks but as a tip here to. Learn new contacts glasses can help to reduce the dazzle. There are clip on lenses are customized vera focal zz with a yellow filter. There are also some modern glasses that prevent glare and sharpen the contrast of the scene focus on. The docile effect on our eyes is due to the blue color and scattered light which the specialized lenses filter out. Our tests today show that for many drivers with poor eyesight in the dark getting stronger lenses for their glasses will make them more secure and safer on night time rose. Youve got a great health tip youd like to share with us you can do that on our Facebook Page see you again next week and then lets all try to stay in good shape. Me at. 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Global ideas takes the next step protection for our planets biological diversity trailblazing projects. T w dot com slash global ideals. Migration and Asylum Seekers remain hot topics in europe. But european politicians struggled to provide ounces while those who fled wait for what might come and watch family members back home i feel very shame because i am german to save europe and the refugee crisis incites outlooks sometimes because the cost. To switch on. This is easy. And gunman at a church in southwest pakistan killing at least eight and wounding dozens to attack his target a Methodist Church in quite a with hundreds of worship cooks well go live to islamabad from all also coming up