Coming up. Now more bumper to bumper planning a traffic of the future. Greening cities can vertical gardens help fight air pollution and exotic animals the mysteries of the naked mole rat. Welcome to the show. If the camera where on the telly. Weve already seen them at the movies. That come to tell each other what to do like in this animated action film. But vehicles that communicate via data sharing networks could soon be out on real road to prototypes are already being tested. To get some idea of how a road traffic could function in the future its worth taking a look at manas. Self driving vehicles have been navigating the planets wild surface for some time here. What works in space should also work on it. With the help of the mars rover comicon ison is looking to solve one of the biggest problems facing autonomous driving. Under normal conditions of an Autonomous Vehicle operating autonomously they should be able to navigate intersections crosswalks all sorts of different settings obviously all that that we have mapped in are familiar with nonetheless there are going to be occasions that it doesnt counter obstacles or challenging situations that would cause a significant pause then it will need some additional support. Obstacles such as a construction site in the middle of the road how does an Autonomous Vehicle react when confronted with a gesticulating worker. Presented a solution of the twenty seventeen Consumer Electronics show in las vegas. The notre modern Communication System developed in conjunction with nasa. Software that allows a human to understand what a remote system robot park is experiencing and provide Solutions Provide some input to help it get through a difficult situation this is how it works on mas. When the rover comes across an insurmountable obstacle it takes a picture of it which it transmits to Mission Control the crew back on earth gauges situation and provides the rover with a solution. This is how it works on earth in the event an Autonomous Car doesnt know what to do it comes to a complete halt examines the problem using various senses and transmits the collected data via mobile communications to a Traffic Control center. A Traffic Controller sends back a solution. And a vehicle can proceed. Human Traffic Controllers ensuring the flow of Autonomous Vehicle traffic has spent two years testing the system at a site in Silicon Valley it satisfied with the results. Because you have different operators and people in the loop they can very quickly propagate an understanding of what a situation was how to address and what to do to move to the next instance in a real time fashion at scale so that we can get Autonomous Vehicles in a systemic way on the road sooner. More Autonomous Cars thanks to more human operators know drivers but driving advisors. Of Traffic Controllers helping self driving cars out of tight spots sounds absurd not to the experts. They say this is a concept that not only makes sense its absolutely vital that the system is introduced from the outset otherwise wed never get started ensuring autonomy vehicles can handle every possible road challenge would require decades of tests with a driver and thats not the point moreover the idea is that Autonomous Vehicles wont need help very often if are to mystical when the vehicle has to be able to handle ninety nine percent of all situations itself it would only require support about once a week and then the. Traffic controller would monitor several Autonomous Cars at once and each problem only needs to be solved once. Once a vehicle is being given a solution by a Traffic Controller transmits it to other robotic cars in the Vehicle System an ongoing learning process which keeps the traffic flowing. Vehicles that can communicate and receive supplementary signals highly promising. But theres also a risk they could be hacked. Or potentially frightening prospect. This issue it probably makes sense that the vehicle is not always open to communication but personally i believe that it should be as autonomous as possible that means that the communication should be switched off in certain situations so that it system cant be accessed in other words it system is only open in the event that the vehicle comes to a stop and doesnt know how to proceed that reduces the risks. And whether on the surface of mars or down here on earth. Robotic vehicles have to be dependable if theyre to have any kind of a future. We are still on facebook what do you fear most about self driving cars. Frederick nelson read that he worries about what would happen if the Software Malfunctions and people know what he wants to know who would be held responsible. And visions a scenario where people long for it willfully cause the network to break down by running around with stop signs. Coming in quarter mile wonders how a self driving car would behave if a time blew at a hundred kilometers an hour. But kennedy chimbley says we shouldnt focus on the disadvantages he thinks self driving cars will make our lives easier he calls them evolution. One thing that definitely needs to evolve is the home front exhaust from a one point two billion measure vehicles on the well groomed. And. Turns out the pollution from the tailpipe is all of the what particular Health Hazard to people inside cars. Its a trip of around seventy kilometers from mark lucas home in frankfurt to his workplace in darmstadt. One day you decided to measure the air inside his car looker is not just a commuter hes also a transportation researcher. We have lots of data from cities where fixed measuring stations have been installed and in part we see alarmingly high values there but what we realized quite soon was that drivers often get more exposure than the people who live in the cities. A perhaps surprising result drivers breathing in more heavily polluted air than the residents on major thoroughfares but mark measurements have even more unpleasant surprises in store. The problem is to find particularly matter the microscopic airborne particles that enter the car through open windows or the ventilation system particulate matter and nitrogen oxides have long been seen as a problem on major urban thoroughfares where values are often higher than permitted but car interior has been thought to be ok even though studies in california a decade ago showed that some dangerous substances in car exhaust fumes could reach higher concentrations inside vehicles than on the road side those findings were largely ignored. Now mark measurements point to an even bigger problem. The first time i went out on the very busy eighty five highway i saw values going up to more than ten times the levels in the cities where we usually did our measurements thats how to. And i further measurements confirmed that the pollution is consistently highest on the highways with the most traffic. In those. Particular matter generally makes its way unhindered into the interior of the car the tiny particles are invisible to the naked eye by comparison a hair is between fifty and seventy microns in diameter find such particles often measure less than two and a half microns ultra fine particles can be as small as one hundredth of that size measuring between six and one hundred ninety meters and that makes them dangerous to human health these tiny structures have been linked to lung cancer they can get into the bloodstream and trigger cardiovascular disease some studies suggest they might impede the efficiency of antibiotics and its believed that they make their way into the brain where theyre associated with a higher risk of dementia. So far the remarkably high levels on the german autobahn have not been studied in detail marked look and measure the highest concentrations directly in the lanes where the cars drive. But even here there are variations densely wooded stretches like this one are actually highly polluted the forest acts as a trap keeping the particles from being blown away this increases the levels of fine particulate matter on the road and. Scientists in the us have published a study examining the risk to frequent commuters who drive to work their findings tally with the observations made by the researches in darmstadt samples were taken during rush hour traffic on various stretches of road some busy others less so the results show that in car levels of fine particular matter a nitrogen oxides were around twice as high as roadside levels. The you. This research is of urged commuters to be aware of the risk but back in germany the scientists in darmstadt are among the few who have pursued the topic and. You. Have more and more studies indicate that this is an acute issue the number of traffic deaths due to air pollution could be five to ten times higher than the number of deaths by accidents. Theres. Not much can be done to eliminate fine particulate smog inside cars but when he reaches the more heavily affected woodland stretches on his way to work mark look it turns on the research elation that setting shuts off the air flow from outside and circulates the air already inside that lowers the levels of particulates for a while. But the setting cant be kept on for too long at some point to the oxygen inside the car will be used up. In the long term the only solution to the problem will be to reduce the amount of particulate matter and other pollutants coming out of the exhaust pipe. So how to reduce emissions and find particulate matter its a major challenge for scientists. And theyre working on a host of different approaches. Heres one that sounds promising. It could clean up the air in cities and beautified them as well. When green replaces great and skyscrapers start to look like vertical forests. It takes an urban planners have realized that these living walls are a way of making cities look a lot more attractive. Singapore is just one example. And green walls arent just nice to look at they also have environmental benefits exactly what they are is the focus of hunger vax research he and his project partners test the walls and figure out which plants are best suited to them. What we see here are sensor no they contain measuring units. This year is a small window theres a u. V. Sensor beneath it and behind it are two little permeable grates that allow air to reach the sensor with them we measure Temperature Humidity and air pressure. The cables run through the vertical garden and into its immediate surroundings. The collected data is fed into a mobile measuring unit it shows to what extent greenery alters the surrounding microclimate so. This is what we call the cockpit and the wall the data were seeing here was collected at a point when the walls temperature was significantly lower than the immediate surroundings by roughly four degrees celsius. Its the gable. And high temperatures plants emit lots of water vapor which cools the surrounding air. This is useful in cities where temperatures in summer and generally much higher than they are in the surrounding countryside while normal stone or brick facade store heat Green Facades have a cooling effect but high temperatures also dry the plants out and keeping the greenery well watered in vertical gardens requires Customized Solutions on this test wall in oberhausen the Building Material itself plays a role in the irrigation system. But im not reported for the benefit of sand limestone is that it quickly absorbs and releases water we take advantage of this by actually watering the stove which then passes its humidity on to the substrate that optimizes the irrigation of the greenery. So stone is also helping nature flourish in cities. Whats increasingly clear is the importance of open green spaces in urban settings parks provide benefits that vertical gardens cant but both help improve air quality. Tiny openings in the undersides of leaves allow plants to absorb gases from their surroundings like nitrogen oxide and Carbon Dioxide and to release oxygen. In this way plants act as both filters and africanus. Providing a valuable service in fifteens where the air is often loaded with vehicle emissions soot and other micro particles. Green walls can even make Industrial Zones more livable. This fam makes the stone elements the vertical garden area geishas systems this tree stunning wool helps fill to toxins from the n. O one and it could be fine dust that collects on surfaces like they use if you look at the surface of the leaves you can see it. In the much green surface as also provide a habitat for insects birds and microorganisms that have no other natural habitat in urban and industrial environments and every language with the first word and there has been a. Rico is in germany to learn german why not learn with them simple online on your mobile and free to suffer from d w z learning course we can speak german made easy listening and then that day dr who because i may speak your language to tell you that but. For content in dari pashto and order prospects for returning our web special to the net the refugee journeys of life in germany and the prospects for those returning home. Join the discussion on p. W. Dot com and on facebook. Prospects for returning. D. W. May form on. Their black and living in germany. She is reminded what that means on a daily basis presenter john up like this not being able to blend in and i was. The. Group and you know different than the rest. She travelled across germany to meet. Other black people had to hear their stories. To look at c s. I grew up in a white family in a white neighborhood it was definitely a challenge. She decided to put me up for adoption. So. The main thing was to keep your head down the conveyor mug shot of course of the face like this i could never completely disappear if you see all these stereotypes about it because its good to see you. Do something for your country but youre still the black guy its awesome. Afro germany starting december tenth d. W. This is the day of the news life from berlin u. S. President donald trump is in manila for the i. O. C. And nader is so messed up its also the last leg of the president s asia tour and