Future relationship and trade all right barbara what was britains brags that minister david daviss take. He seemed draw the list bubbly and optimistic there was a lot less soft soap in other earlier meetings where he seemed to be like very diplomatic and very sort of yes all everything will be fine today the language was rather more blunt and maybe even a bit combative it seems that the e. U. And the United Kingdom have reached the phase in brics it negotiations in their divorce talks with the fight begins to be bitter and the words turned out to be rather harsh and that is an indication that even european diplomats now show increasing skepticism about the future of these talks when they began it was of course we will have a good solution and of course this will be feasible and bearable for both sides and now we hear increasingly in brussels that diplomats say it is possible the that this goes wrong it is possible that we have a train crash and it can be that in the course of the next months and the beginning of next year the. Negotiations run out of goodwill and run out of time. Giving us that take from brussels thank you so very much. And we want to turn now to the mideast where tensions between saudi arabia and iran are on the rise and have now spilled over into lebanon of all the negative travel advisory hundreds of gulf states citizens are leaving the lebanese capital beirut while saudi arabia the u. A. E. Beheading and kuwait ordered their citizens to leave the country immediately while the power struggle between saudi arabia and iran is also having a devastating effect on that tiny country yemen there the two countries there are engaged in a proxy war observers are increasingly worried that rising regional tensions could lead to even more conflict. In one corner iran still prickly despite its landmark nuclear deal with the International Community and the western forces remain strong in the shiite republic and it continues to support radical islamic movements across the region. India on the corner an increasingly assertive saudi arabia encouraged by president trumps visit last may to expand its regional influence. On his first trip to the middle east donald trump essentially gave the saudi leadership complete freedom to do whatever it wants as long as thats us interests that has fueled tensions in the confrontation between saudi arabia and iran. Its. One battleground in this regional rivalry is yemen with iran supporting who three rebels fighting the countrys sunni government which is backed by saudi arabia. A prorebel t. V. Station showed images of a missile it said who the rebels launched against saudi arabia the government in riyadh reacted by closing off all access to yemen. And when giants tussle its often the most vulnerable who suffer the United Nations says the saudi blockade of yemen could unleash a massive famine with millions of victims. Now lebanon is also on the front line of this Regional Power struggle speaking from saudi arabia at the weekend lebanese Prime Minister saad hariri resigned saying he feared being assassinated by iran backed forces in his country. Many lebanese however believe saudi arabia is using him as a tool in its conflict with iran. Was just. This resignation wasnt normal its an insult to the lebanese people and to the government and to society as a whole. Idea. Behind it. Theres a volcano about to erupt in this region we dont know what the consequences are going to be. International diplomacy is now stepping up its efforts with french president to man your marco making an unscheduled visit to saudi arabia yesterday in a bid to help diffuse the situation. Well what hezbollah reader leader has on the law said saudi arabia had declared war on lebanon and hezbollah said that lebanese Prime Minister said that had already who resigned in a speech from riyadh on saturday was being detained in saudi called had a visa resignation and im that person and its saudi intervention in lebanese politics and let me is politics and set that had it it must return to law but on he said lebanons government was still a gentleman and had not resigned. Want to tell you now about some of the other stories making headlines right now. Russian lawmakers say they plan to make foreign media and social networks register as Foreign Agents this after russian state funded channel art t. Said it would comply with the u. S. Demand for Foreign Agent registration u. S. Intelligence alleges that the channel is used to interfere in the president ial election. Of gun Officials Say one policeman has been killed and two wounded in a suicide car bombing that targeted a police compound is a single bomber caused the blast in the southern Helmand Province no group has yet claimed responsibility but helmand is in talabani and the taliban heartland more than five hundred Asylum Seekers are remains stranded in a decommissioned australian migrant camp in pop when you guinea the camp was officially closed on october thirty first and power food and water have been cut off however most of the camps residents have refused to relocate because of concerns for their safety and threats they say theyve received from local residents. A hundred years ago french and german soldiers were battling each other in the trenches of world war one today the two countries are opening their first joint museum commemorating the conflict the german president funkhouser steinmeyer and the french president and when youre not called attending these ceremonies historians from both countries developed the museum on a hill in the French Border region. Called the museum of the region saw months of fighting early on in the war and the deaths of some thirty thousand people. All week you has been reporting from the United NationsClimate Summit in bonn the big topic is how to reduce Carbon Dioxide dioxide emissions the United States has long been one of the worlds biggest emitters of Greenhouse Gases but an American City once known for its smoggy skies is showing that its possible to cut pollution but burke pennsylvania is undergoing a transformation as the w. Corresponding carson phenomenon found out. This is the old image of pittsburgh a city of steel and coal where the chimney stacks never stop bedsit smoke and west read lights had to be left on twenty four hours a day because the smog blocked off the sun but todays reality is a different one the city has cleaned up its act and instead of heavy industry banks and High Tech Companies are now providing jobs for a growing population more than thirteen thousand pittsburghers are employed in the Clean Energy Sector alone and companies such as ever power which operates wind farms in pennsylvania new york and is developing projects in other states too for cofounder and recalling best ski pittsburgh is the Perfect Place for innovative businesses i think its the people you know its great town pool here young people from some of the best universities in the country. Also from the cultural standpoint you know theres a lot to offer we have three professional teams we have the l. A. We have to symphony we have the opera so many things that can draw great talent. Pittsburghs transformation as the result of a concerted effort by the City Government to attract startups and other businesses while at the same time keeping an eye on environmental and social issues one of the people working on pittsburghs turnaround is Development Analyst sarah yeager. To take a holistic approach as how can we improve pittsburgh why this is creating more jobs more low Income Housing access to Public Transportation fossil fuel free vehicles electrifying our fleet access to more bike lanes i really how can we improve the quality of life for everybody in pittsburgh. And other key factor in the citys formula for success is pittsburghs colleges like Carnegie MellonUniversity Many who started here at cmu have established themselves in the new economy founding startups in the vicinity of the campus and turning them. Into vibrant enterprises professor jean yang a specialist for programming languages is full of praise for the almost symbiotic relationship between scientists and Tech Companies here for instance do a lingo was started by lee sign on and he had this Actual Office for a long time before he left for doing go all together and so a lot of the duelling of people are involved with cmu they come back here to listen to talks to speak. And everything is quite close so the people are companies theyll show up to talks here people here theyll spend some time at the companys jean yang grew up in pittsburgh when it was still a byword for the american rust belt as soon as she finished school she moved away like so many other talents of young people at the time and expected never to return now shes back in a home town and enjoys not only great working conditions but also a new quality of life in her Old Neighborhood these are places where it was pretty sketchy to walk outside there after dark and i was just way inside for my parents to pick me up i wouldnt go outside on my own and when i came back i realize that wow there are all these bars there are now there are restaurants the buildings are outside they still look pretty much the same but whats going on inside really its like night and day so pittsburgh clearly is on the way up again with young people flocking to the city and the prospect of even better times ahead for the next generation. Our before i let you go i want to remind you of our main headlines right now. The European Union has stepped up pressure on britain over breaks it europes chief exec negotiator says the u. K. Has two weeks to clarify how much it will pay the e. U. And that crucial talks on trade will not start until london delivers. Thank you for watching im going to the top of the hour. Stories that people the world over information they provide the paintings they want to express d. W. On facebook and twitter up to date and in touch follow us. In recent years finance flooding has been occurring regularly in coastal towns all around the world monsoons storms cyclamens and hurricane scores thousands of deaths and forced displacement of millions of people. Why is some cities more at risk than others what forces of nature lead to these disasters and is Global Warming the primary coops. To her concerned a devastated new york in two thousand and twelve scientists around the world intensified the efforts to identify the causes of these disasters. On october the twenty ninth two thousand and twelve Hurricane Sandy moved steadily closer to the east coast of the United States threatening new york city. Costs were along the water levels were predicted to. By five meters as a safety measure or public spaces and ports subways tunnels and bridges were close to the public. The man declared a state of emergency the city of new york evacuated three hundred seventy five thousand People Living in flooded bill areas. Back in the two thousand and five i said new york city. I was going to be flooded it was not a question of if but when i couldnt say exactly when and nobody else on this planet could say exactly when but i knew it was going to happen and it happened. Hospitals were evacuated finance broke out neighborhoods were stranded. The flood plunged the city into camps. From the planets perspective floods are routinely events we regard them as the most destructive natural disaster. Or coastal floods very widely and they cause tremendous damage and actually mortality i mean two hundred thousand people have been killed in the last thirty years from coastal floods alone. Theres been a lot of major coastal flood disasters over the last few years and in one thousand nine hundred one in bangladesh about one hundred thirty eight thousand people are estimated to have died in burma or in thousand eight hundred like them the grizz about one hundred thirty eight thousand people again were estimated to be killed and more recently in the philippines in the typhoon hyaena six thousand people were killed and those are just a few examples even in the developed world people have died in Hurricane Katrina about two thousand people were killed in about eight hundred of those were in new orleans and inside clone sandy about two hundred people were killed more and more people are moving to cities globally now one half the people live in cities that happened fairly recently moving from human beings being a rural sort of species to being an urban species and most of all many of those cities are actually on the cultist. No place in the world is safe from flooding but the sources of these cataclysms vary from region to region. In new york for example it was a special phenomenon that caused so much damage. To sandy it was not the whens it was not the rain it was the storm surge the ocean coming up higher much higher than normal and washing ashore going into all the little harbors and the little rivers and flooding and finding the vulnerable low places and flooding all around and thats why it was so bad. Out at sea violent winds of a hurricane pushed surface waters towards the coast the Sea Level Rises creating a destructive super wave called the storm surge. In Hurricane Sandys case other natural factors may decide to ation. What is the stage of the tide when the hurricane hits and for sandy it hit high tide but also there was a full moon every two weeks theres an extra strong tide we say a spring tide and it just so happened that not only was the tide high but there was extra high tide due to the moon and then the storm hit and thats why the so was so damaging. What is the difference between a tsunami and a storm surge tsunami is caused by an undersea earthquake. Six floors vibrates a big earthquake it creates a big way that cripples a very high speed maybe seven hundred kilometers an hour and as it comes close to the land it gets higher and higher and stronger and it breaks and then it shoots shore and creates a huge amount of destruction and death thats a tsunami. In new york the storm surge hit the city at night the extent of its destruction wasnt apparent until daylight. We saw a range of impacts really saw failures of our infrastructure system and how and really how it how our infrastructure is linked and the Power Systems were impacted our Transportation Systems were impacted with the tunnels being flooded our Telecommunications Systems ultimately went down we had gas lines because of a breakdown in supply chain for a look at feels a network and of course the impact on people and neighborhoods were just as severe. Its interesting how much damage there is in america during floods because they dont have good defenses. Im always amazed that they dont. Have better defenses because they have the money they have the Technical Knowledge but they choose not to use it. People in authority often say oh it was a very rare event it will never happen again i said no no no it will happen again and it will get worse and worse because as the cloud. It changes and the sea rises very slowly but comes up. The danger will be more. Recent Years Research has lead scientists to better understand the parameters of extreme flooding according to specialist Global Warming well amplify these conditions in the future. Where we have another problem which is probably going to be the worst of four which is Sea Level Rise due to Climate Change sea level has already risen by approximately twenty centimeters since the late Nineteenth Century and this rise has accelerated and it will accelerate further due to the ongoing Global Warming. You know maybe too many people one meter of Sea Level Rise doesnt even sound much because on a calm day when you stand on the beach and you think ok waters one meter high it would make a difference when it really hits you is during a storm surge because of course a storm surge already starts one meter higher than without the Sea Level Rise then and it actually runs up more than one meter higher because there are some effects like we do three kitchen in the higher sea level that make a storm surge run disproportionately higher when you start off with an elevated sea level due to Global Warming. The planet is warming up the levels of water in the oceans are constantly rising yet some regions of the world remain less affected than others this shows the pattern of Sea Level Rise since the year nine hundred ninety three and shows that it has risen in most places but everywhere here in the eastern pacific we see an area where the sea level even has dropped in this period but on the other side here in the western pacific it has risen much more than ever edge because obviously the trade winds have increased there pushing the water over here and piling it up on the east asian costs. To be of some coastal towns and cities can increase the risk of flooding thats particularly true of large cities situated on deltas like bangkok shanghai and new orleans. And these deltas are incredibly flat you could go one hundred kilometers and the elevation ups and downs would only be a few meters at most so theyre extremely flat so putting a city on these flat lands is rather easy to do. This is a collection. Of many of the deltas of the world the delta. His are the land surface where the rivers water has brought the sediments to the coastline and accumulated in these large deposits we know that in the last thirty or so years sea level has been going up around three millimeters per year three millimeters per year is quite small. And so yes in the long term you know fifty years one hundred years you want to make sure youre sure lines are protected by closely studying deltas researches uncovered an unexpected phenomenon we would put instruments in the rivers we put instruments in the coastal ocean we would be monitoring how the channels shifted around in all the sediments we found that the tide gauges suggested that the deltas were sinking on average four times faster then the other areas and so we knew something was up something on that deltas was happening. Situated on the delta of the river crisscrossed by two thousand six hundred kilometers of canals it is an astonishing mix a combination of modern metropolis and a traditional village. The capital of thailand has grown considerably in just a few decades and the rate of growth has had substantial consequences. Thirty five years ago the population of bangkok is perhaps lay four or five millions but right now is about ten million more than ten million so people need water look about thirty years ago you know to really clear and really clean so its ok to use you know in a rainwater and. Sending it out but you know. Getting weaker so it is difficult to use the rainwater you know for supply for drinking or for use or what any supply so people started you know underground water. So when we have. Been on the underground water the probe in fact. Due to excessive pumping of water the city is sinking this phenomenon is called ground subsidence examples can be seen on many streets so this is the evidence. This here use actually. On the part and it is the foundation and in this area its actually on. This area. But now because of the previous water pumping. Ok everywhere in bangkok the ground moves and subsides. You know if it is evidence of cross outfit it ok. You can see a barrier its not even case theres like a way of this is because the barrier you look at it over to foundation of the way over here in between a barrier if not on the foundation is in the foyer so if criterion outside but. Of the highway is out of site every year for years there department highway have to come here and feeling more at fault the concrete. The entire city is affected by this phenomenon of subsidence. Some areas were particularly affected during the terrible floods that hit thailand in two thousand and eleven the monsoon poured close to sixteen billion cubic meters of water onto the streets of bangkok the protected dikes passed the entire streets remained underwater for several months. Peoples houses will be looted damaged peoples cars will be washed away peoples fields will be flooded out cultural fields on the outskirts of bangkok at one point about twelve and a half percent of the land and in thailand Agricultural Land was underwater. From north to south thailands rivers drain into the River Channel priam. Mountain waters from the north flow towards bangkok and the gulf of thailand the additional volume of monsoon rain waters is a major cause of flooding in the delta. If the tree falls of what we call the freeze just at. The same time same place exactly the right moment when. The first is the waterfall the north. The Second System water from the high tide that this thing is water from the sky the end you imagine