W one up. For in focus Global Insights the news out for local heroes. The w made for mines. Theyre two of the greatest artists of the sixteenth century look us karna known as the elder and his son also named gus qana. They ran the most prolific workshop of their time painting more and faster than any of their contemporaries. The protestant reformer Martin Luther was a close friend and the qana speak aimed the painters of the reformation. Born at the end of the middle ages the artists lived and made their fortune in a world that was rapidly changing both father and son and body ideas associated with the term renaissance a time of revival and a people in art. In the. In. The contacts works have been studied by generations of scholars but many questions remain unanswered going to hard you know and in goes on our art historians and restorers here in massive book the drill theyre studying an altar piece that came from the konak workshop in the year fifteen thirty seven. Who painted it is it the work of connacht the elder or the younger or was it done by a workshop assistant. Using an infrared camera the historians revealed the under drawing that normally cannot be seen the signature style may tell them who did the work. But these are come akin to tif and with this camera we can look deep into the picture beneath a visible layer of paint and expose the artist sketch and the. Were now taking a close up of this section of the painting so we can examine it more closely tied to. The altarpiece is one of many from connaught the elders workshop that was executed according to his instructions but not by the master himself. Not the elders unprecedented career had begun thirty years earlier by now he was painting familiar motifs in a new way his saints were fashionable jewellery and were surrounded by realistic natural scenes it was a new view of the world and the people in it. Around fifteen hundred between bag on the river elbe was dominated by the spires of all Saints Castle Church and st marys town church one of the mightiest rulers of the Holy Roman Empire the elector of saxony had a residence here. Frederick the third known as frederick the wise was a patron of the arts who dreamed of an intellectual awakening in his realm. A renaissance with a saxon touch. Elector frederick the wise had several residences bag was one of them but he also lived in low how he also lived in dresden. You mustnt think that elected frederick was here every day but he was immensely important for the town because he founded the university because you could say that without the university there wouldnt have been a reformation of the main reformers were professors at the university. Frederick established the university of britain back known as a modern north korea in fifteen zero two with it bitten back was to become a center of the arts and sciences the elector brought humanist scholars to town humanism was a new mindset that strove to revive the cultural legacy of antiquity and emphasized intellectual freedom. As its quite amazing to think of what a small town this was the big cities where leipzig fought nuremburg back but. Even though it was a royal residence even though it had a university it was a small town with around two thousand five hundred inhabitants dominated by students and professors. There were lots of craftsmen lots of printers and thats the fascinating thing about it when you came to this town you discovered so much skill so much confidence that was vision bags good fortune in the sixteenth century that so many talents came together at the same time in the same place. Top. Fifty no five elector frederick appointed lucas crown of his Court Painter in britain back at first carnac worked in the electors council earning a yearly salary of one hundred thats the equivalent of about one hundred thousand euros today. The list of is affiliate frederick the wise offered him a year lease salary that was equal to that of a professor at university at the time when he visited as well as a supplement for works commissioned by the court. Of talk to school fees so he had achieved a very respectable and prestige his position is in. One of the primary duties of the Court Painter was to depict the ruling saxon dynasty. The ruler his portrait had to hang in every castle and Government Office khana painted the german princes life sized in conquering pose with ceremonial regalia like the electors crown ermine coat and sword he also painted them at the hunt and weddings and other important occasions. He documented the splendor the aspirations and importance of the ruling house of saxony. Another of his duties was to supervise the decorations of the tournaments at the witan back marketplace first the square was covered with sand then the jousters and onlookers came and the Court Painter lucas khana recorded the spectacle as a wood cut. On his arrival in britain bad conduct encountered artworks by other painters the court frequently commissioned work spy a celebrated contemporary of cox the nuremberg artist. The two were to become major rivals. Ahead of christ by a young body. The venetian artist was chronics predecessor as Court Painter and it brought new impulses from italy a new kind of portraiture was developing one in which the subject seemed to live and breathe compared with this stiff stylized earlier depiction. Of the painter sundra but a child that depicted the virgin mary as a beautiful. Well fashionably dressed woman he gave the nude painting of the roman love goddess venus the erotic aura of sculptures from classical antiquity chrono had encountered this art during his travels in italy and had a kind of a form. Is often criticized for ignoring the art of the italian renaissance and it said that he couldnt rival it. But we know today that he was very well informed about what was going on in italy around fifteen hundred. And when that puts you at would he also grappled with it intensely but he continuously discovered his own style one that today seems more modern than what was being produced in italy this last time i put it see it will do. Soon after coming to visit him back painted a picture of the virgin mary for the Castle Church in whats now known as the desk peace of the princes mary and the infant jesus are flanked by two saints. On the wings are naturalistic renditions of frederick the wise on the left and on the right his brother john the steadfast. Theyre shown in the typically medieval pose of worship. The real surprise is the way qana shows mary looking directly out of the picture at the viewer. The mother of god has been made flesh and blood one of us human. Just a few years earlier such a depiction would have been unthinkable. The output of the chronics workshop was prolific around fifteen hundred works attributed to the father or son are still known today since two thousand and nine scholars and museums for more than one hundred countries have been publishing information about the works on a freely accessible internet platform the qana digital archive. He was a professor at the Cologne University of applied sciences thats the project. Based on his woodcut by. The martyrdom of st catherine he demonstrates the rivalry between the two most successful painters of their time the expert draftsman dura completed the work in fourteen ninety eight years later qana as a role model for his version of the same. If of in its year son he spent a lot of time on the fine graphic details and thereby entered into direct competition with dirt if you reflect a deer as detailed drawing in his paintings and spent a particularly long time making this painting as rich in detail as possible which is to fill in. The martyrdom of st catherine was a popular subject at the time. Like baroque artists many years later turned it into a dramatic spectacle an earthly version of the fall of the rebel angels motif with the humans lurching beneath the sky rent asunder. As far as their contemporaries were concerned the contest between cano and doing a ended without a clear victor doing his works or admired but cutoffs were more popular. Much about the life of connacht the elder remains a mystery to this day little is known about the painters childhood and youth. Hes believed to have been born on october fourth fourteen seventy two in kona in the southern german region of franconia. He probably received his training in his fathers workshop since his father was also a painter. The connacht monument in kanaka marks the spot where the family house once stood. Look us left home early on presumably to travel as a journeyman he called himself con off after his hometown corner. But then all trace of him is lost some years. Around fifteen hundred he emerged as a painter in vienna a major city in the Holy Roman Empire and the imperial administrative seat here connick received commissions and painted his first known works. Among them the wedding portrait for the rector of the university the humanist you harness crispin ian and his wife ana. Products arrangement of the pictures was no placing his subjects in relation to an atmospheric landscape full of symbolism. And. The elements of fire water earth and air stand for the world yet to be discovered. The wedding couples education is indicated by the parent in the background. The bird of the genus era comes from brazil a country that europeans had discovered just two years earlier. Conex viennese works show him to be an accomplished painter with a personal style. He signed them look us khana nuke us from kona. A few years later in britain bag a fateful encounter occurred when the theology professor Martin Luther but the Court Painter knew gus qana the two men would change not only the church but the world in which they lived they quickly became Friends Church and religion were important to conduct as they were for everyone in his time. But well see the i know how you have to keep in mind that the church and Civil Society were intertwined that wasnt any separation you were a citizen of the community and at the same time a member of the Church Parish that too merged entirely so if. Course everyone in vietnam back was a member of the Church Community to be to everyone was a christian and a Catholic Christian the church was absolutely defined. Cake and. But the world as defined by the Catholic Church was changing. On october thirty first fifteen seventeen Martin Luther is said to have nailed his ninety five theses to the door of the Council Church regardless of how he actually posted them his protests against the sale of indulgences and other abuses in the Catholic Church catalyzed a schism within christianity in western europe. The elder became the painter of the reformation in germany. He found the right images to convey a new direct and personal relationship between the individual and god. Kind of how beautiful. Influence the reformation by providing the images for it he conveyed the theology in pictures and brought reformative ideas into the world and sometimes i think they talked about it they did live very close to each other i think they influenced each other in the spirit exchanges that were taking place in a fit in there and then the stack up until this in the back. Of. The town church of st marys on witan bags Market Square is the Mother Church of the reformation. Before Long Services were being held in the german language not in latin. As where baptism was. Told to the. School. Just as. Martin luther and other britain back reformers preached famous sermons here the altar piece is a major example of conex reformation artworks its a monumental depiction of the last supper a late work from the year fifteen forty seven. Instead of including worshipful catholic donors and saints in the work real life figures of the reformation of been made part of the narrative the central penalty picks the last supper with jesus and his apostles the bearded apostle on the right of the picture turning outward is Martin Luther hes accepting a beaker of wine from a servant with the features of lucas chrono the younger. The left panel shows luther as friend and fellow reformer philip relaunched on at a baptist on. The right Panel Features another veteran beggary former your highness book in the confessional. Cannot painted actual people of his time into the biblical action the message was clear the teachers of the reformation sensed a deep connection to jesus christ as the head of the church my lips the scholar it is thats it its my favorite chrono painting is the altar piece into town church its so touching that they are all there luther himself is there and right in the midst of their life it back to those and their experience the word of the bible and confession eucharist baptism as part of their own lives and i think they really saw themselves there. In fifteen twenty five when Martin Luther married the former nun kind of you know one border. Was his witness. They must have had a very close relationship they were witnesses to each others marriages they were gone fathers to each others children in fact its quite possible that luther met his wife at the chrono hall. When cutting a fun fled from the clothes. She had nowhere to stay the chronics took her in and she lived there for several years and it seems that luther met and fell in love with her there. Written back was the starting point of the reformation and kano portrayed the reformer his works show an energetic man who not only proclaims his teachings but lives by them entirely. First we see the stern ascetic augustine monk with his clerical tendre then luther in hiding and. Posing as a nobleman named or as the defender of the doctrine wearing his university camp. Later the portraits show luther as affirmation of the world of marriage and worldly authority the reformer instanter more mature. Made Martin Luther the icon of the reformation. After a few years in britain bag look i was kind of started a family in fifteen twelve he married a mayors daughter and had five children with her. They named their second son gus. The elder cano had experienced a meteoric rise he bought houses ran a successful wine tavern and the only pharmacy in town on the Market Square. Soon he was the richest burger in britain back he served on the city council for decades and even became mayor he lived in an imposing building in the center of town. In the workshop in the back he ran a flourishing business with a team of master and journeyman painters here apprentices were trained and a stream of visitors came and went. The elder ran an impressive household the prince of painters was a canny businessman and a confident citizen of the town. Of his india were here in the middle of this large ensemble at schloss dross a number one that belonged to chronicle the elder he lived here in the front part a huge house with lots of rooms where the danish king one stayed with his entourage it was a very grand house. And its just one house off and his school was always the most important thing in this ensemble is over there were the workshop was in this building there in the back. This was the cronic workshops which is where the crown of the younger learned his trade where he grew up around taught and if you can imagine his life here he grew up in the workshop a sign of the end ultimately became the head of it. And then ill say i love actually i talk of all the. Connor and his staff not only produced pictures for the nobility and churchmen in the workshops on Printing House they supplied tiredly new art market the growing bush was and its demand for images. Not everyone could afford to buy a painting but prints were cheaper so the workshop made woodcuts and produced a series of prints from them. The printing technique enabled the artists to bring new themes or portraits under the market quickly. This is a gigantic wood cut from the crown up workshop a really impressive piece made up of eleven different wood cuts. It wasnt easy at the time to create such a large wood cut which is why its in eleven parts. The thrilling thing about this wood cut is that it doesnt always depict Martin Luther this is the famous reformer yes with the bible in his hand. And the eleventh wood cut which is the head that could be substituted in the crown of workshop that. There are a prince with the same body the same rendering but with the head of milan stone. Or with the head of the early reformer yun hoose. Whos if you want to know how this workshop functioned the way it produced in series just take a look at this large wood cut. By the type that most. Recent. In the early years in particular the workshop produced large numbers of what guts more than the numbers of paintings. You took off it bought us medium beige print it was the medium that made it possible to produce works in greater numbers compared to paintings. And it was only later that crown arm was able to expand his workshop production in order to put out paintings in similar numbers to the prints that hed made earlier. Than he does unfinished. Coffee five zero and everything that came out of the workshop was signed with a conex personal crest a winged crowned serpent with a ring in its mouth. The snake symbol was the label by which buyers could recognise the chrono brand. And was it a work by conduct the older the younger or an apprentice it was often hard to say one simply bought the chrono. The. The workshop used pigments like these to make its own paints. They were purchased at the big trade fairs in neighboring like c. It turned out to be practical that kanaka around the pharmacy in britain back with the socalled apothecaries privilege you could obtain pigments at wholesale prices more cheaply than the competition. To pick men to the pigments that were already being used back then where mainly us times variously colored clays that were turned into pigments through a lengthy process of growing doing and sit. Men father did for. The yellow came from the mines of the or mountain region. The deep blue ultra marine was made by grinding lapis lazuli from afghanistan it was not available in leipzig it on torpor it cost its weight in gold. In fifteen zero eight kanaka bought a few grams on a trip to the netherlands soon after that he painted the whole the kinship also known as the. Using the new color. The work in his manufacture was organized down to the last detail. And the great crime it was prepared by mixing the pigment with egg and linseed oil. And it was very important to rub it on a glass slab with a mullah for a known time. So calmness tighten border in comics time that was done for hours and he probably had apprentices who special job it was to grind the colors. In this one. Car kit is frames and canvases prepared ahead of time in large numbers in many selected sizes then he picked those that corresponded to the wishes of the customer. Popular motifs were produced and stockpiled by the workshop. Soon contact was famous not only for the beauty of his works but because he could provide so many of them. Figures that only needed slight variation were not drawn a new but traced. That from him poppy you know thats done by wrapping the back of the paper template with pigment. With sanguine red to a red pigment. It is then placed on top of the prepared canvas and the lines a traced with a pointed to until the pigment is pressed onto the undercoat optic optical and your. Other painters of the period like deer are also had workshops and assistance but only look us chrono insisted on a single recognizable painting style developed by him and it here too by everyone in his workshop without exception. The comma who asks that the crime of the workshop was a factory that had no place for individual style or an individual signature it had a workshop style and all the workers there painted in the workshops to buy that house. That box that thing backs that steel so that makes it very very hard to distinguish between the different hands that worked on the pieces side and saying this is the work of chronic the younger or this is by the father from them if you move them this is. The famous reformation altar in the town church of weimar for centuries it was believed to be the elder conex last masterpiece a major work of reformation art. But recently scientists from the connaught digital archive studied it using infrared reflect on graffiti and found that it was actually by qana the younger. Spirit most from this picture must be by a kanaka younger because the under drawing shows his typical stylistic features short strokes often changing direction almost choppy sometimes scribbled looking alliance its like oh dr younger preferred black chalk for the under drawing and contrast to his father who often used black ink on a brush up to. Five thousand yards and five or so i find so fascinating is the way he seems to refuse to incredibly find brushes. Yes he did ties he painted details that is so tiny in places that you have to get up close to see that its actually painted as welcoming to his. Contemporaries marveled at the wondrous speed with which lucas chrono completed his paintings. Infra red reflect on graffiti reveals how the workshop carried out its monumental commissions the under drawing of this painting includes color instructions like red blue and so forth. That clearly suggests that the painting was not carried out by the master him self but that he specified how it was to be painted. For nearly eighty years the workshop sent the connacht brand out into the world reportedly it produced around five thousand paintings. In the year fifteen thirty seven was a turning point products eldest son hunts died suddenly from then on because the younger became more involved in the workshop and father and son became equally responsible for the success of the business. Works by the comics are still greatly sought after today and fetch high prices at auctions but its rare to find comics for sale on the art market. Every year the city of must wish in the netherlands hosts the european fine arts fair a prestigious. Marketplace for old masters art. Dealer conrad oban homa has sold the most contacts in recent years what should one look out for when bidding on a khana. Most bikes with chrono just like with rubens and most of the other great artists you have to try to distinguish the hands as the art historians put in that social media wants us to across oceans are and that means really seeing what was done by the hand of the master and what was done by the workshop or in the case of lucas carnac the elders on what was is the son or one of the many others but if you study kind of intensively then you can sometimes tell by the position of the eyes and or the way the fingers are painted it is possible to differentiate them as well. As a dealer pair and i know wishes he could find more paintings by the hand of one of the two masters. He can however show us one motif that the crocs painted in many variants. As hundreds and as that will be this is one of the most popular subjects of that time the film matched couple its usually expressed as the combination old man young woman but theres also the version of the old woman young men among the unfairly in this case we have the old man and the young woman he is placing a ring on her finger and is obviously wooing her or she has a right arm around his shoulder but shes basically looking through him im saying a short. Seat of us on n. B. C. And yes its a popular theme and it comes up again and again in a crown ox work under the general theme of the viper mocked up on the power of women as it was called. The power that women have over men. So how does. Comments because i know that the mom to be found with him and. Myths are mantic witty and stories from the bible provided motifs for the popular genre. Pictures like solomon with the head of st john the baptist show the dark side of seductive femininity. While providing a pious lesson to the viewer. Some years earlier italian artists had rediscovered the female news. Because connaught the elder also began to depict naked women and turned the idea into a lucrative line of business. He quickly found motifs from antiquity to suit the new subject figures such as current us. One erotic motif to qana painted in several variations was the name of the spring. London art dealer mark weiss says hes fortunate to be able to offer one but it was a painting which we directly from the french noble family had had the picture of probably for some hundred years the price of this painting is in palace three million two hundred fifty thousand piles. The duchess on a money a librarian by mach one of the worlds major historical libraries. Here seen after its recent renovation. In two thousand and four a fire consumed a large part of the building destroying tens of. Thousands of the replaceable books. During that night the Library Director michelle ran into the burning building and risked his life to rescue one more from the flames the oldest complete bible in german translated by Martin Luther and illustrated by the kanaka workshop. These are new to. This list their bible is the first joint edition of the old and new testaments by Martin Luther and dates fifteen thirty four. Its an outstandingly produced object that has beautifully painted illustrations. The bible has one hundred seventeen woodcuts that stem from the crown a workshop. From summer by a crown hakim self. And. The quality of the illustrations and the coloring is unparalleled its not biased its not. Just bible it was very important to me and thats why i took a small risk during the fire to rescue it. Up so. It took luther and his assistance thirteen years to translate both parts of the bible before they were printed in britain back. The kanaka workshop provided the brilliantly colored illustrations with passages highlighted in gold it was taught the deal astray sions appear throughout the entire book and lots of the initials are color and sure we have a picture of the creation of the world. Outside i got the father is presenting the state of paradise. We can see adam and eve and lots of small animals. You know so you have to remember that these are woodcuts each of these fine details had to be cut into the wood. Find a ties but. The contacts produced images for bibles and altars they filled the churches with their paintings that explain the reformation but it wasnt just the religion of their time that was changing dramatically. So in the reformation the seep into politics. From physics infancy in fifteen forty six to forty seven its called the first religious civil war broke out here in germany at that. If the catholic imperial troops won and also conquered. Prince elector John Frederick was taken prisoner and sent into exile by the emperor. That was a serious break in the life of the workshop it couldnt get much more serious the royal court left of it and back and suddenly the elder was no longer Court Painter. The elder cannot left britain back and in fifteen fifty two joined the elector in his exile and final home environment. There the artist lived in his daughters house in the agreeable surroundings on the market place in the center of town where he continued to plan and work. The younger made a portrait of his elderly father shortly before his departure a farewell. This is i think of nollywood this is a design and it stands to reason that he would want to have a remembrance of his father here and he painted him with a fur collar indicating the may oral role but its also a very personal portrait with unique facial features which make a very strong impression in the zia opens and. A year after his arrival in rhyme our look us conduct the elder died at the age of eighty one. He was buried in weimars iacob sofrito for st james cemetery. The workshop in britain bag passed on general cross product the younger its only now five hundred years after his birth but he is also being discovered as an artist and his own right. Sensitive draftsman. A portrait painter to rival his father. He successfully ran the workshop and continued to conduct brand until his death in fifteen eighty six. The team at least not really five the business went on to contact the younger didnt change it he took many of the themes that the workshop had designed for example the ones known as pious images and the many portraits of Martin Luther he took those pictorial formats and he added to them diversified them but he didnt change anything on a five to act against. The end that. The younger qana completed the reformation altarpiece environment his town church two years after his fathers death. In very this. A personal tribute the blood of christ falls on the head of cock the elder. And the two friends caught up and luther stand side by side the herald of the image next to the herald of the word and theyre shown as equals. The conex were the chief painters of the reformation but when catholic clients commissioned paintings they didnt refuse after all they were artists and businessmen. The middle ages were over the modern era had begun. To. Meet the germans new and surprising aspects of life and culture in germany. Us american keep musica takes a look at germany it is increasing at the traditions every day lives and language doesnt just come out of my life. So im too young good. Looking guy a d w dot com the germans. When cities are ingolf by the sea and all the dams walls and costly protective measures will have been. Nothing. Whats. The future starting november ninth on d w. But hold the w one at. Four in focus Global Insights the news out for local heroes. The double made for minds. This is day w news coming to you live from berlin place