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The import substitution process was started in earnest after the imposition of sanctions in 2014. Six years is a substantial enough period to summarise interim results.
On the one hand, the figures are not that bad: the industry already depends on imports by less than 50 percent. On the other, this is a typical average, while details are all-important.
And an important question is what exactly should be deemed Russian equipment, considering active use of foreign parts and especially software.
Some import substitution examples are a success indeed, but there are also failures that are no less obvious. The latter in fact emphasise the effect of precisely aimed sanctions.