vicious that were already in our politics culture and reflected it back at us as intently as they could. that was the technique. it was not so much the misinformation or disinformation. it was amplifying the worst parts of our own politics. and that's what is so tragic about it. >> so what's the solution? >> a lot of the stories were from breitbart, so there's now what's being called synergy, and there was a kind of informal collusion, if you're singing off the same choir book, right? the solution, as always, is public education. you know, and that sounds like a -- kind of a feel-good sort of thing. but if people become media litera literate, that can, over time, if we can incorporate that into curricula, people will stop believing everything. older people are less media literate than younger people.