1980s and that case, the supreme court instructed federal courts to defer an agency's interpretation of the law if the law is quote ambiguous, unquote. some of your academic writings express skepticism about the chevron doctrine and concern that it allows an ad men straegs to impose its policy preference by avoiding the political process. i can understand why this is appealing to an administration. i also think it's a threat to the separation of powers because it transfers power fro the congress and just dish area to the executive branch. that's why i've reversed the chevron doctrine. many members of this committee have co-sponsored this ledges london attacks. as someone who has written extensively about the separation of powers, can you tell us why the separation of powers are so important and how it -- how it