period, of these parents and children. talk about the kind of long-term damage. this is your area of expertise. the kind of long-term damage this kind of traumatic separation can bring to these young children. >> so what we know is that children experience stress, and we all experience stress. but these very young children experience stress in the form of high levels of cortisol and fight or flight hormones. and in the presence of a parent or a caring adult, they can be soothed and calmed, and those stress hormones can be buffered. but when those stress hormones are allowed to stay untracked by a parent, not buffered by somebody who these children know and love, those levels of chemicals can actually disrupt the neuronal pathways and disrupt the brain architecture