solidly republican for 100 years. and no one really thought -- gave a second thought to it. it wasn't that african-americans walked away from the republican party. it's that republicans, dixie crates specifically, walked away from them. they decide the african-american vote was not a vote they needed at that time. during the -- as the '70s progressed into the '80s, african-americans specifically began to take a second look at the republican party. it was because of people like jack kemp. i was with jack kemp in the mid'90s, walked through the streets of south dekalb in atlanta, alongside j.c. watts and newt gingrich and others who made sure the republican party had a big tent. it seemed the republicans once again turned their face away from kempian politics in favor of what we are seeing now, some of this tea party revolution that's coming along, containment bubble, the kind of, you know, racial animus that we were