found with a bomb strapped to him that detonated early, prematurely, about 200 yards from a stadium where there were 85,000 spectators. had it not detonated prematurely, we would be in a different situation. since 9/11, there has been a continuum of failed and contained attempts. we've been quite fortunate. boston, as horrific as it was for the psychological and physical damage, it will force us to really look at these issues more closely and highway we contain these events. there are two types of sporting events, those contained in a stadium where you can monitor people's access. and then there are the open events like the marathon and the olympics. the key to the open events is resill yanienc resilience. london overlapped their evacuation roots with access to olympic sites. that's the key is how do we create resilience in the