rates of 36% will not automatically lead to the doom and gloom republicans worried about back then and are once again warning about today. >> very good. >> that's what i got. >> professor steve. >> we talk about how republicans have moved so far to the right. to your point, is this kind of disproving that notion a bit? >> it is just -- taxes are -- the history of this is in 1990 george bush sr. raised taxes. i'm talking about the deficits coming down at the end of the '90s. the other guy that should get credit is george bush sr. made the deal to raise tax necessary 1990. what that did was set off a civil war in the republican party. in the anti-tax absolutists they were led by newt gingrich back then and guys like this. they emerged victorious from that. bush lost his re-election race in 1992. lesson every republican took out of that 1990 tax hike was never, ever vote for another tax hike again. they never grappled with what happened in '90s. informs all of our debate and all of our discussions today because republicans hold strong to that posture and even if in the face of what happened.