a dangerous degree in its ability to defend its allies its partners and its own vital interests is increasingly in doubt that's that's dismal isn't it there are many different fields of how deterrence and defense are conducted today and i think for nato the emphasis truly has to be on what we now call the hybrid challenges that are coming at us many of them associated with emergence of new technologies and accelerated by new technology let's look at the defense commission fact those in its report and also to what the u.s. military could suffer from acceptably high casualties and the loss of major capital assets in its next conflict it might struggle to win a war against russia or china that's got that's not good news is it well what i have to tell you if you ask me the question about whether deterrence is working or not i have to say yes because we do in fact here at nato work together as twenty nine nations with the united states to provide for the deterrence and defense of all twenty nine allies and we do have challenges i don't want to sugarcoat the