>> also, sanctions don't necessarily lead to regime change, which we've seen for such a long time with north korea, cuba. >> speaking of north korea, now there's talk a second summit between the president and the north korean leader kim jong-un. what are you hearing? >> there needs to be a second summit since the first one didn't really go anywhere and didn't really define what even the outlines of what each side wants will be. so it's possible that this could be before the end of the year. location is not established. would it be in pyongyang? would it be in washington? we know they've been communicating by letter. so it's possible this is progress. i mean, you know the administration wants to call even the fact they're talking progress. but if they do meet again, i mean, it's time for there to be some kind of structure around where this is going in both the short-term and long-term. >> what are you hearing? >> you have to kind of keep hope alive in these talks because there is so much buildup at the outset. nobody expected this could happen quickly. and nobody who's on the expert