and in january, seven civilian police, and killed by i bomb attack. in october, 2016, armed terrorists attacked a security checkpoint using four-wheeled driver vehicles. a dozen military personnel were killed. so, let's talk more about this threat. chairing the department of middle east studies at the school of economics. he joins me now. thank you for being with us. first of all, why is the sign nine peninsula such a hot bed of militant violence? >> i think you have an insurgency that has been raging for more than a decade. even though the insurgency has been escalating quantitatively since 2016. wee keep talking about isis and al qaeda. there are social the radoots