objectively analyze and those credit rating firms exert pressure on rating agencies -- excuse me, and those firms, the firms whose products the credit rating agencies are analyzing exert pressure on the rating agencies who too often put market share ahead of analytical rigor. today we will explore the role of investment banks and the development of the crisis. we focus the activities during 2007 of gashgs, one of the oldest and most successful firms on wall street. those activities contributed to the economic collapse that came full blown the following year. goldman sachs and other investment banks, when acting properly, played an important role in our economy. they helped channel the nation's wealth into productive activities that create jobs and