- Cyberwars begin -
The Baltic nation of Estonia was the first state hit by a massive cyberattack in 2007, paralysing key corporate and government web services for days.
Estonia blamed Moscow, with which it was mired in a diplomatic conflict, but the Kremlin denied the charge.
- First industrial target -
A powerful computer virus called Stuxnet attacked Iran's nuclear facilities in 2010 in an apparent bid to cripple the country's atomic programme.
Stuxnet hit the functioning of Iranian nuclear sites, infecting several thousand computers and blocking centrifuges used for the enrichment of uranium.
Tehran accused Israel and the US of being at the origin of the cyberattack, the first to target an entire industrial system.