And now, let us go back 300 years to london. In a famous diary, we read of a was typical oft then and the preceding ages, an epidemic of leg that have been raging in europe broke out with a fearful frenzy in englands capital in 1665. Hundreds fell ill every day. Many of them died. People were stricken on the streets. From the victims for fear of the dread disease. But, by far the most horrible element of the tragedy was the mystery of its origins. No one knew what or who carried the plague. Finally came by way of this odd contraption. Does anyone know what this is . It looks like a can opener. [laughter] no, it is not a can opener. It is the first microscope. Butay look like a toy to us its important to human life is tremendous. It is the connecting link between our science and the distant past, when the world of germs was unknown to man. 83, not long after the london calamity, l following lok the dutch naturalist lens into a crude frame and constructed a microscope. He examined drinking water. Imagine the astonishment of his friends when he showed them a tiny animal swing in the fluid. Teeth, and found things too small to be seen with the naked eye. Site of mans first millions of tiny terms with which he comes into contact every day. Tohad opened a new world, those who do not appreciate the importance of his discovery. In the following century, many scientists studied the germs. A viennese doctor contended many diseases were caused by these invisible living things. But no one wanted to hear about the visions of a dreamer. The medicament of the times mounted attacks and claimed it had no proof. Science was still waiting for the great tenets of the microscope. Him,ok 100 years to find when he came he revolutionized the field of medicine. Advantage in the work of germs have been based on the fundamental advances of louis pasteur. He claimed that germs did not have a life by themselves, he proved that germs would not develop unless they were carried there by dust particles or other means. He next used the microscope to help industry of france. Very oftened that other organisms ruined beverages. Pastor experimented and found he could kill organisms with heat. The first of the methods for killing germs discovered. This may be demonstrated by placing an active culture of bacteria under the microscope. Applying heat. And then observing the germs as they die. This use of heat, as in pasteurization, is today used in safeguarding foods, particularly milk. Disease germs if present our eliminated by passing milk overheated coils, so when it is served it will contain nothing but the nourishing qualities that ensure good health. , a doctor who had been studying the work of pastor conceived the idea germs might be responsible for the infection of wounds. In those days, a surgical operation was a gamble with death from lead poisoning. He found he could kill germs in and around the wound. Sprayed everything and based instruments in chemical solutions. He destroyed germs with chemicals, just as pasteur had done with heat. This was the second of the methods discovered for killing germs. The modern antiseptic at aseptic methods of surgery, are the out both of listers early ideas. Throughout france, sheep were dying in large numbers, of the disease known as anthrax. The great pasteur found out germs or responsible and found methods for destroying them. He also prepared a vaccine that enabled sheeps to resist anthrax enabled sheep to resist anthrax. Germs work in biological action, as by antitoxins. It was by the third method he achieved the successful fight against rabies or hydrophobia. Thehumble must became founder of modern scientific medicine, and one of the greatest benefactors of the human race. Pasteurs successful experienced fixed the position of the microscope in scientific investigation. In the next 50 years more progress was made in medicine, and in the previous 2000 years. It is hard to believe as late as york was at the mercy of many Infectious Diseases such as cholera, diphtheria and smallpox. Although vaccination would have wiped out the diseases. The New York Post earlier carried the story of an epidemic of asiatic color that rogue outing cholera. It would reach asiatic cholera that broke out in canada. It would reach new york and nothing could be done, and it spread his fearful hand over europe as well. , not until1883 jazz scientist on the germs that cause cholera. Later the typhoid germ was revealed by two scientists. In 1883, scientists discovered the dramatic cost diphtheria. But the real fight the germ that caused diphtheria. On Christmas Eve, 1891, in a hospital in berlin, a little girl was fighting for her life against the murderous disease. One ray of hope lay in the skill of the doctor and former military surgeon, who had been making remarkable experiments. He successfully cured diphtheria by means of an antitoxins. With the courage and daring of a great scientist, he was ready to take the step from the lab. Aidrought his serum to the of the stricken child. In a minute, the famous injection had been completed. The contribution he made to humanity that Christmas Eve will remain an everlasting symbol of his goodwill to men. Once again, matt had conquered germs by biological activity. Better than curing disease would be to prevent it. This ideal has now been achieved. Antitoxin,ave toxin, with which we are able to protect children against diphtheria. Modern children are proud to receive this treatment, which provides a shield against the disease. Termst all of these disclosed by the microscope are injurious, some are essential to life. They live in soil, make it possible to grow fruit, grain, and vegetables necessary to the existence of humans and animals. But the injurious germ and causes of those diseases, must be discovered, controlled, and if possible, destroyed. Many of the causes have come to be known in the last 50 years. That stillre others elude the searching i of modern science. The caught the searching eye of modern science. Infantile paralysis, rheumatic fever, and cancer, are among baffling mysteries to be solved. But there is every reason to believe scientists will be successful in the future. Year after year they struggle unrelentingly, sometimes sacrificing their lives, to find new ways of controlling disease. They are fighting the battle of man against microbe, so that week, unhampered by the scourge of sickness, may achieve fullness of life and happiness. [triumphal music] from washington, the combined radio and television industry, brings you a special report on , polio. The Public Health service of the department of health, education, and welfare, has been conducting tests on the vaccine and tomorrow releases the final report. Here now, the secretary of health, education oveta culp and welfare, misses oveta culp hobby, here is secretary hobby. Good evening. Polio,