Rehabilitated his image and set , precedents for what presidency life could involve. This evening, we are pleased to introduce an author on the postpresident ial years of Richard Nixon. This very important and often overlooked part of nixons life is worthy of a book of its own probably a series of books. ,not one to be written off, Richard Nixon rose from defeat to become americas elder statement. Andhis period between 1974 he reinvented what it means to 1994, be a former president , serving as advisor to everyone of his successors. He made 29 foreign trips and worked with World Leaders across the globe. To tell this remarkable story, were joined by kasey pipes. He is a historian whose previous book on president eisenhower is well acclaimed. He served in the administration of president george w. Bush and was later a senior fellow at gettysburg college. Would you please join me in afterng the author of the fall, kasey pipes . [applause] kasey thank you all very much. Thanks for being here. Thanks for having me. Thanks for those kind words. I want to thank jonathan and chris and the entire nixon staff for making us feel welcome. After hearing all of the people coming up later this month, later this fall i want to come back. I want to hear neil gorsuch as well. Thats awesome. I want to thank hugh hewitt, president of the foundation, who was indispensable to me in writing this book and had me on the radio last week to promote it. You could not be in better hands with anybody else but hugh. I want to thank couple of the archivists who worked with me when i was working on the book Greg Cummings and pamela , eisenberg, who i understand is now retired. Did great work in helping me get the files i needed. So many people helped me along the way. Walker fred ron , fielding. Just a tremendous number of people helped make this possible. I also want to say hello to linda and larry, parents of friends of ours in fort worth. Kurt is the pitching coach for tcu and we live right around the corner from tcu. You guys get the award for traveling the farthest. You came two and a half hours to be with us. I hope the book is worth it. Let me know. I will be asking. And thanks to all of you for being here as well. Gosh, it is great to be back. The first time i came back to the library was 1995, i was an intern at the Ronald Reagan president ial library. Richard orton smith, the director of the Reagan Library brought me down. John taylor was running things down here and john showed us around. I will never forget it. It was wonderful to be here. And then it came again in 2007 with the release of the eisenhower book. Sandy quinn was kind enough to have me come down. And then of course in 2010, once the book was out, i began and once the book was inked and i was able to research it, i began going through the files and spent a few months here doing the research. It has been amazing. When i first started doing this really an, is there audience for this . Is there a market for this . Does anyone care . We were the number one new arrival ahead of bill oreilly. It was awesome. I did an interview and the interviewer was a sports guy and he spent 15 minutes walking me through the post presidency and reagan and gorbachev and yeltsin and clinton and at the end i , said, i really appreciate you being on and you said, nixon is one of the most fascinating people. I have always been a fan of nixon. It is amazing how there are nixon people all over the world and we dont even realize that sometimes. An amazing man and an amazing career. Is tory as a historian try to tell the stories that have been untold but need to be told, and to focus on stories that we know something about but need to know more about. This first led me to the story of eisenhower and civil rights. The anniversary of the little rock crisis. Of course, the road less traveled has led me to nixon postpresidency. This is a story that needs to be told. It is a story that needs to be understood in a way that it has never been fully understood for. We have an idea of what nixon was doing during this period. We have an idea that he was active. Hopefully you will agree that he was even more active then you thought. He was somewhat successful during this period. Hopefully after reading this book you will realize he was more successful than you could have ever realized. Before delving into the book, and i will take your questions at the end, i think we have to understand how high he climbed as president to appreciate how far he fell at the end of his presidency. You think about Richard Nixon in 1972. He opened the door on china. He is closing in on a deal to end the war in vietnam, has a talk with the soviets, and wins 49 states in the largest landslide in history. He is on top of the world. And yet less than two years later with public approval in the 20s, hes forced to resign and finds himself, as he says, really fighting for his life as he talks about in his diary and we will talk about that in a minute. There have been entire libraries of books written about his life. Entire libraries of books about his presidency and vice presidency. Certainly about watergate, but there has been precious little written about the last 20 years of his life. We have monica crowleys memoirs which are wonderful and yearsed, the last four since she worked with him. We have robert sam ansons book. Theres never been a 20your volume that covers the entire story of what happens to him after watergate. Historians will always debate whether nixon was a great president. I think this book makes clear i , think theres no debate he was a great expresident. Nixon is one of the greatest stories in president ial history, and the history of his postpresident ial years is the greatest nixon story that is never really been told. Why a book about his life after watergate and if it is so important, why has it never been done before . The answer to the first question is simple. He is a shakespearean character whose vices and virtues all mirror our own. Setbacksll experienced all experienced strife and tragedy. None of us will experience professional setbacks like he did. In a sense, its a story about us. The other reason the story has not been written is because the papers are privately owned by the family. I was able to secure the cooperation of the family in writing this book. Not only is this a new book about a new period of life of nixon but it has new material in , it. This is a very extraordinary period in the life of a very extraordinary man. When Richard Nixon left the house the white house in 1974, he had no money and no obvious way to make a living. Within weeks of moving back to san clemente he faces a health , scare. He faces years of litigation through a case of what was certainly depression. Here is what he wrote in 1974 about how he might climb his way out. Write books, make speeches, and try to put things into context. This is the roadmap he would use for 20 years. Writing books, giving speeches television where possible, and , putting things into perspective for the people and history and its amazing how , well he did this. He did this so well and he become so effective and well known for his appearances and speeches that people begin to accept him back. The public begin to accept him back and the president do, too the president does too. Part of the story the book is the story of the relationships of three president s, reagan, bush, and nixon. Let me quickly mention three changes you will read about in this book. And one changed because of nixon. I think this is really the heart of what this book is about, is change. First, nixon in the post presidency changes the very , nature of the postpresidency. When he becomes postpresident , there are no post president s. They have all died. Died in 1963. Eisenhower died. Nixon knew all of these men, but he watched what they did in their retirement and what they did was very different than what he was going to do. They basically retired. Eisenhower goes to palm springs after year. He writes his memoir and then he writes another book in the spring much it. He becomes a doting grandfather. Johnson goes to his ranch. These are men that basically go away. Nixon has no such choice. He has no such choice because he has to make a living. He has no money. He has to resign from the bar in california and the bar in california. He wants to resign from the bar in new york and they wont let him because they want the privilege of kicking him out. He has to find a way of making a living. What he does with no template is he invents the template that all expresident s to this day more or less follow. He writes books. He travels the country and world giving speeches. , he stays in contact with other World Leaders. He stays in contact with political leaders in washington. He talks to president s. He uses the power of his ideas to influence events in washington. You think about the post president s today. You think about clinton with the clinton fund. You think about george w. Bush was his with his own think tank, trying to influence policy. You think about barack obama writing books. They are all, in some way, following the nixon model. Nixon did not have the option of retiring. He told john taylor that he had to remain active for his own health. And to keep his mind as sharp as he wanted it to be. He spent years writing book after book on his main area of expertise, Foreign Policy and becomes a trusted advisor and confidant to three president s. He doesnt just write books. He writes books that matter, books that people read and Pay Attention to. He did not just say something. He has something important to say when he was writing his books and speaking. He showed through this process that he had an Important Role to play as an outside counselor. The realgan read carried itn fairy ,round with him at one point and you have an even closer relationship with nixon and nixon relished the chance. The only power he had left, which was his mind and his ideas to influence policy. He gives counsel to president s. He influences them. Let me give you an example of something small that nixon did that we never knew about. Nixon, shortly after reagan becomes president , wants to have a way to take care of his ability. This is a guy with tremendous political ability. He can speak to the country. He can rally the country, and nixon sees this and wants to take advantage of it. Early in the reagan administration, nixon sends a letter to mike deaver urging the creation of a weekly 10minute radio talk to allow the president to dominate the monday papers. Nixon suggests they do this on sunday. Devers tweaks it, and the saturday morning radio address is born. That lasted from 1982 all the way until 2018 when trump discontinued it. Weve always known reagans started it. We never knew that the idea came from a letter from Richard Nixon. But his real contributions came from bigger matters of substance. When gorbachev comes to power, nixon meets with gorbachev. He finds that this could be a man that reagan could do business with, as Margaret Thatcher said. He senses there is an opportunity to move forward and end the cold war, and he wants reagan to meet with gorbachev, strength. Position of when reagan announces his intentions to build the Strategic Defense Initiative nixon immediately doubts the , science. He doubts it will ever work but , he loves the idea of using it for leverage in a negotiation, and almost from the beginning he as a key bargaining chip. When gorbachev threatens to pull pull out of to pull out of negotiations remember in reykjavik, gorbachev walks out because he tells reagan, this is contingent on you getting rid of sdi. Reagan says no. Nick and nixon helps come up with a solution. Nixon suggests to bud mcfarlane, reagans National Security , i feel very strongly the president could pull off a coup by offering to mutually share with the soviets the results of our research on sdi. This would undercut gorbachevs position. He was right. He essentially boxed gorbachev in and brought him back to the negotiating table. This played a role in getting the soviets to agree to the inf treaty where a class of Nuclear Weapons were eliminated. With president bush, nixon privately went to china after the Tiananmen Square tragedy. Taking advantage of the goodwill that people had for him in that country. He met with chinese leadership and spoke brutally blunt language to him. Tiananmen, i told him would be the death of the relationship with the u. S. If it happened again. Upon returning home, he reported back to the president who was faced with a political crisis in washington. Democrats and many republicans place to put sanctions in on the chinese, something the president didnt want to do. But the fact that nixon deliver the message helped defuse the and to solve the crisis. Nixon working together with Boris Yeltsin to assist the fledgling democracy in russia, to assist the baltics. Said, it is the best meeting he ever had. President clinton marveled at the wisdom of nixon. So, he changes the post presidency and policy through his work with reagan and bush and clinton. Most importantly, this book shows that in many ways, he changed himself. During this 20 year period he came to terms with all he achieved and all he lost. Wisdom sayingal he accidentally confessed during the watergate section of the interview, it is a myth that david frost and others have perpetuated for some time. The reality is quite different. They talked about it in advance, what he wanted to say when this question came up and he apologized for his moral failures. He said, i screwed it all up, but he would never admit to criminal wrongdoing because he did not believe he violated criminal laws. This would be the message he would use the rest of his life when he talked about this topic. It came not as an accident during the frost nixon interviews, but as a planned answer to a question. He began to reveal himself more and become public with people. When Hubert Humphrey was dying from cancer, he consoled his former rival. This is fascinating. When the two men hung up the phone, nixon turned to his aide and said i dont care what it , takes, im going to his funeral. Start working on it. Humphrey turned his wife and said no former president should have to live in exile. He wanted nixon to be seen in public at his funeral because it would give the country a sense that there was forgiveness, that there was grace, that of humphrey was ok with nixon that other people should be as well. Firstneral marked nixons appearance in public since watergate. Then he emerged at another funeral, giving the eulogy for his friend football coach woody hayes. This is what nixon said in his eulogy of his friend he was never satisfied with success and he was never going to be discouraged by failure. There is a rule in life, nixon said of hayes if you take no , risk, you will suffer no defeats. But if you take no risks, you will win no victories. Nixon certainly was describing woody hayes, but he was also describing himself. When Ronald Reagans security advisor bud mcfarlane survived a failed suicide attempt, where he when he woke up in the hospital, the first person he saw sitting by his bedside was Richard Nixon. You will need an anchor, he said, pointing at the bible on the nightstand next to the bed. Your strong faith will get you through this finally, after the dedication of his president ial library in 1990, nixon told friends who gathered around him afterwards about the time his grandkids asked him what name he wanted to be called. You can call me anything you want to call me because ive been called everything. Life shows of his nixon as a human. This shows him as someone who struggled through the failures of life, struggled through the setbacks of a Political Year career and yet came out on the , other side. Nixon in exile is a different man. A man in full. A man who can look back on success as well as failure, tragedy as well as triumph, defeat as well as his defiant response. He never gave up and theres a lesson in that for all of us. It is remarkable to think in august of 1974 when he left in disgrace and arrived here in san clemente, not even Richard Nixon could have imagined he would be back inside the white house giving president reagan advice, are going to Tiananmen Square delivering a message that was , important to the Bush Administration or meeting with bill clinton and becoming friends with bill clinton to the point that in april of 1994, bill clinton arrives at the funeral to deliver a magisterial eulogy in which he says may the day of judging Richard Nixon only by watergate come to an end. Nixon himself said only those , who have been in the deepest valleys can appreciate how magnificent it is on the highest mountaintop. In a life spent constantly navigating the peaks and valleys, nixon in his last 20 years could look back on his life and for once, enjoy the view. He had made it back. That is the story of after the fall. I hope you read it. I hope you like it. I hope you know how grateful i am that you came. With that, i am happy to take questions or comments. [applause] thank you, kasey. We will take questions if you will raise your hands. I will come to you with a microphone. I want to ask the first one. Can you give me what you think Richard Nixon would think of the Current Media arena . Is ini mean by that this day and age, we have media that is so instant and quick and spread viral instantly with social media, can you give me your take of how he would use that to his disadvantage to his advantage, or would that be a disadvantage . Kasey he would certainly be more diplomatic than our current president , but i do not know that he thought as highly of them that our current resident does. There was favorable biography. Richard norton smith wrote a favorable review and nixon says to his staff, you know, the New York Times once a decade will write something nice about me. I guess because it is they just 1990, wanted to get this decade out of the way. He always had a very skeptical view of the role of the media and i dont think that improved over time. Obviously the media environment , is very different, all of the different platforms social media , platforms. He was an innovator. Himwhole concept of developing the idea of the saturday morning radio address, he wanted to find ways to communicate more effectively, so i think he would be somebody looking for ways to use those tools to his advantage and to the president s advantage, whoever the president might be. I think he would be uncomfortable with how this president goes about that. I cant imagine he would enjoy reading some of the trumpian tweets. Thank you for coming and telling us about your book. If nixon everg published lee acknowledged the sacrifices president ford made by giving him the pardon and shortcircuiting any legal process. No doubt about it, it cost ford quite a bit. Kasey it did. There is a scene in the book where ford comes to see him in the hospital in 1974 when health nixon has his health scare. Its an emotional scene. It is as close as he ever got to thanking him. The whole concept of the pardon was a very difficult thing for him because he did feel bad , about it. He publicly expressed remorse, but he also did not feel like he had broken any laws and did not feel like he had directly as he said to frost, my mistake was i was a very good butcher. Using gladstones phrase, to get rid of people. He was trying to help these people in his view. Yet very complicated feelings on this topic and i dont know that its something he would ever have thought to sit down and talk to gerald ford about. They did not have that kind of relationship in the first place. It was a formal relationship. I think the scene in the hospital between the two men is probably as close as i can get to it. Its worth reading. He certainly he was in an emotional state. He almost died. Here comes of the president of the United States who has just issued this pardon. It is a great scene and i would recommend that. Other than that, i do not know that there was a lot of direct conversation between the two. Could you talk a little bit about some of the postresignation relationships . There was liddy, halderman, coleman, that group and , specifically henry kissinger. How were those relationships after . Kasey they were all very different. The kissinger relationship is well documented. Robert dowd has just written a book about that and how the two men jockeyed for credit over different foreignpolicy accomplishments. It was a complicated relationship for sure. I think his relationship with some of his aides was a little more personal. And again, he felt their suffering very personally, particularly the ones who went to jail. Mitchell and ehrlichman and and there are stories in there where he occasionally reaches out. Haldeman get out of jail. He calls him and is pretty emotional. He felt their grief very personally. There are a lot of the stories in there and conversation. What he was to become counselor and advise on Foreign Policy. Tends to focusk on those relationships, reagan, team, bush with james baker, bill clinton. Those are described in more detail, but there is certainly a good amount of him reaching out to his former aides, visiting with them, and you just get a sense through the dialogue, and some of those conversations of how much it weighed on him. Forefinitely felt a burden each of those men. Hello, im a republican woman from northern california. I want you to know im a american originally born in taiwan. I have two questions. Myber one, i was here for when iports activity and was going through the museum, i was very puzzled. Why is it that president nixon would go to china and established that kind of relationship with china knowing that china is a communist country. It saw in the exhibit was clear we had come to tottering on the brink of starvation and chaos. Europe would be plunging into anarchy. That tells me he was very communism. Le with going up a do not think i was. Aught properly i dont think that president nixon did anything wrong. He i feel that he needed to resign. I wish he had just stayed on and then let the world know what kind of person he really is. The real criminals were those. Ho wrote into a building he, as the president , i wonder if he felt compelled to do what nationalcause of security. Those are my two comments. Thank you. Theres a lot to unpack. Let me start with the first one. You mentioned nixon being a cold warrior and he was. The china play was part of his cold war strategy. I think this is misunderstood and someplace is, that nixon was naive about china or he just wanted to have good relations with them and ring pandas that for bring and is back for our bring pandas that for our zoos. This was realpolitik. This was a man trying to drive a wedge between china and the soviet union. It was brilliant. Youn said at the time 750ot ignore a country of million. There is a story i read and it may be apocryphal, but it sounds true about reagan visited with some time when hes leader around this time and reagan saying to them, somebody was going to recognize china sooner or later. Youre better off with it being nixon. He was doing this from a warrior. Of a cold he was not naive about what the chinese were doing. He was capable of being brutally honest with them even in later years after Tiananmen Square. He viewed it as a cold war strategy, as a way to separate. Hem from the soviets people can debate the wisdom of that, but that was what he was trying to do. In terms of watergate, i can. Nly tell what he himself said that was that he made moral mistakes. He often screwed up. He viewed his role in this is trying to cover for his friends who were doing these things. He resigned because he did not believe he had enough support to sustain himself in the senate. He thought he knew what was best for the country. That factored into this decision as well. But those are questions that historians will debate forever. Hopefully this book sheds some new light on it. Please share with us the role that and had in president nixons reinvention . What was her perspective of him going back into the political arena . She was his rock. She was his biggest cheerleader and his biggest fan. She felt he had been dealt a really backhand. Always did feel that way. They remained enormously close. Health a series of setbacks that only bring them the stroke ining 1976 it is interesting. There is fascinating pat nixon story toward the end of the book where she is watching Television One day in the late 1980s and shes watching the film Donahue Donahue show, of all things. And who shows up that new york businessman donald trump. She watches and she tells her husband, i watched donald trump and he is answering all of these questions, hes talking about policy issues. Nixon rights trump a letter. Hes taking his wifes word for it. Watchingmy wife was you on television and she says you are great. That is framed in the oval office today. Prizeone of trumps possessions. Neverer kept stopped handicapping politics. He obviously wants bill clinton to deliver his eulogy. He realizes the symbolism of that, having a democratic president deliver this tribute to him, but he also wants bob dole and pete olson. Why . Those are the ones that he felt would run for president in 1996 and he wanted them to have a national audience. Speech is magnificent as well. He stages that, essentially. Wilson does run for president. He does not run very well. Getting the nomination in 1996, which is basically what nixon predicted it was going to be. Just fascinating how his mind were and he was always thinking several steps ahead mind worked and he was always thinking several steps ahead. I, i appreciate your scholarship. I want to ask this with all due respect, because i am in the library, after all. I noticed you wrote a biography of eisenhower and i just finished eisenhower in war and peace. There are all of these tidbits about nixon and it does not seem that nixon was well regarded by president eisenhower. Asked one question was about general eisenhower. What has Vice President nixon done to contribute to your administration, and he said use me a week. Qs me a week, ill think of something. There are the racial epithets caught on tape during the watergate scandals. Somebody who has a very checkered and dark, dark, dark and you talk about his redemption and his efforts at redemption. What is the heart of nixon . What kind of person was he really . What was he really aiming for because i cant quite quite make out what it was in life . That, at meanswer tell you my favorite story of my eisenhower book. In 2009, after the Bush Administration was over, i went to dallas to see my former boss, see the president in his office in dallas and i took him a copy of my book. I will never forget. I handed him a copy of the book. Hes a very blunt man. This . D, whats i said is a book about eisenhower in civil rights and civil rights. Uh. He said, h im surprised is not a shorter book. Im surprised its not as shorter book. [laughter] thats what you need to read the book. He did more than you thought. His life 20 years of is very humanizing. The book starts after watergate. Spend a lot of time focusing on that because i didnt want that to be part of the story. I wanted to be, ok, watergate has happened. We have libraries of books written about it. How did he deal with it as a man and a human . I think he felt with successes and failures along the way. He never used the word come back or anything like that with his family or friends. He wanted to be useful. He wanted to have a role to play for the rest of his life and the one thing he still had after he lost all of the trappings of power, the levers of power, he still had the power of his mind and the power of his ideas. Out effective to that mind was in those ideas were that he was able to persuade president s, including a president of a Different Party that he had something worth listening to. Its a remarkable achievement but this person nobody would touch in 1974 and by the end of his life, president s are calling him, asking him, what do you think about this . That is quite come back. What his internal motivations were, i cant get inside of his mind anymore than anyone here can. He certainly just wanted to be relevant and do something meaningful and i think this part this book argues he did. Nixont as richard postpresidency has not been studied that much. I feel like reagans postpresidency has not been studied. Theres more than just alzheimers. He released that letter, and you think there would also be dust you think there would be a good topic for a book . I do, and there are a couple. Fred surely has a book on reagans postpresidency. To grave, hasadle a lot of new material. Theres an amazing story about the doctors coming to reagans house in bel air with the diagnosis and while they are talking with mrs. Reagan and others, he goes to the table and writes his letter. That is where he wrote the letter released to the public, right there after the doctor told them. He gave its when agents at, when you clean this up he gave it to an eight and hes said, why dont you clean this up he and said whataide i need clean this up . He said, no, its perfect. With the postpresidency youre looking at the loss of power and adjusting to life without that power. In this case, in a much more dramatic way, having it taken from him. I think its a fascinating topic and we now have president s who george wg longer lives based on his genetics will live well into his 19 night into his 90s. Barack obama is a fairly healthy young person. I think its definitely an interesting area of scholarship. Did he reach out to the former president with correspondence president s with correspondence and ask if they needed help . Visionary. S a he was at the custom of so many different things. How was he compensated . Was he paid as a consultant . How would that go . The finances are difficult to track down. His books were bestsellers. He made a lot of money doing that. The frost interviews were paid. There was money out there. But in terms of his relationship with the president , he never, that i saw, never called and said, hey, let me help you out. In the form of a memo or letter that says, in the case of reagan, you did great in the election. Heres some things to think about. Building your team, and of course names of a bunch of people. It usually came in riding. That builds the relationship a little bit. The phone calls are typically from the white house to him. , as a very subtle process very gradual process and the thing that is driving it is he is saying things that matter. He is saying things that no one thought about before. The sdi example i gave earlier. That theseing ideas president s, and for the most part, their staffs, find very useful. To how hel tribute became a trusted confidant for these men. Sir . China is extremely ambitious and aggressive. Should president nixon be alive today and be called in by the , what comments do you think you would have to offer today . First and foremost he viewed china in the context of the cold war. But context is gone away. That context is gone away now. The islt to judge difficult to judge that. But i think in some ways the tiananmen episode is insightful. It sure is that he is not afraid to talk of to them. A nationnly shows that of more than a billion people now could not be ignored. They were a player on the world stage and not going away. We should have a relationship with them for our onsite. Our own sake. Preserve thato relationship, but with love struggled in as well. That is sprinkled in as well. I am from texas and i did hear you on hugh hewitt. Oh, good. About theurious wilson becoming a christian after watergate. If he had contact with nixon. And i think im right, nixon and carter came to the irancontra hearings and, whoever was that carter was kind of all over the place, not nixon, and and that has stuck with me so many years that he was a brilliant man, very organized in his thinking. You have anything like that in the book. First,he colson question they remained friendly. He remained a defender of nixon to the end. Of course, he was occupied with his prison ministry. There is a relationship documented in the book. The iran contra hearing is i write about and this in the book because nixon had a unique perspective on scandal. In the book he is delivering a ech to republican senators this is late to the Washington Post and they write the story about this, and he basically says you mean to have reagans back on this. If his staff made a mistake, thats one thing. He was not trained to do anything wrong. Dont cut and run from him on this. ,ts fascinating to watch reflecting on his own experience. Im not aware of the carter story at all. Carter is not somebody nixon thought very highly of. That is well documented in his book. He is just sort of mortified at the hostage crisis, hes mortified at how the shah was treated before that. He senses this is all setting the stage for reagan and for big things to happen in the 1980s, and of course hes right about that. Book, does appear in the but not in terribly flattering light. We are a couple decades becominghard nixon relevant and we are learning he relevante relevant in his diplomacy and Foreign Policy. Do we do you have any feeling , was hehad any sense sell it satisfied that he was relevant or not . I think he certainly sensed how far he had made it back. With the policies he helped reagan, he certainly lived to see triumph in the cold war. The story that was told and i retell it where he said, remember when i have the kitchen debate and Nikita Khrushchev said will bury you. The west hadizing one. The west had won. He lived to see that. He enjoyed that. In terms of his personal come back, i dont know that. Atisfied word you would use certainly, he believed he had become relevant again. He certainly enjoyed being able to use his expertise and intellectual powers, but i imagine he probably wanted even more. Thank you for giving us this insight on the past president. Have noticedings i about him is he came from very humble beginnings. Unlike most president s who have great support before they even roseo office and nixon rapidly through the ranks from senator to Vice President , and of course the has trials and all of that. But his perceptiveness is what i i believe the man had vision. It was so far out beyond what we were thinking of the time and i think he saw seven hundred 50 million chinese, which we had he sawr 25 years them teaming up with soviets. What overpowering force that could have been. And he saw the opportunity to and that scared. He russians i think it was very perceptive. When the Gold Standard was lost we lost many tons of gold ring and 1960s things to to much spending, so he had to take us up the Gold Standard, so my question is, dont you feel that he felt very satisfied at the changes he made because of the contributions he made including epa and clean air, all of those things . I cant believe the man was totally satisfied . He wished he could have lived longer. Dont you . I think you appreciated how far he had come . I have had the privilege of being around elected officials . I worked for president. They are wired differently. They get up in the morning and say, i want to be president. Not a very rational thing to do, honestly. My senses he probably wanted a little bit more and if nothing else, this is in the book, he term being his abbreviated, his presidency being abbreviated and not being able to finish it. I think some of those feelings come out. I think he wished he had been but this is the next best thing and he can help others and again, its a remarkable story. Think you very much. Ladies and joan and, lets give him around of applause. Much. Nk you very ladies and gentlemen, lets give him a round of applause. [applause] i think i heard a halfdozen times. Thats in the book in the lobby. Is casey will be in the front lobby ready to autograph it. Thank you for coming. Thank you. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2020] watching American History tv, 48 hours of programming every weekend on American History. Upd us on twitter soon keep with the latest history news. President ialtv campaign ads occurred between eisenhower and adlai stevenson. And they have been essential to every president ial campaign sense. Since. Heres a look. It is morning again in america. Interest rates are about half the record highs of 1980. This afternoon, 6500 young men and women will get married and with inflation at less than half of what it was four years ago, they can look forward, with confidence, to the future. Its morning in america and our country is stronger and better. Why would we ever want to return to where we were less than four short years ago . There is a bear in the woods. For some people, the bear is easy to see. Others dont see it at all. Some people say the bear is tame. Others say its vicious and dangerous. Since no one can be sure who is right, isnt it smart to be as strong as the bear . If there is a bear. Teacher parents well your parents well you ever ask them why you would cryou them and sigh and know they love you you can find plenty of campaign ads, archetypal speeches on and archival speeches or website. Ww. Cspan. Org next, for making 84, the second and final president ial debate between incumbent president Ronald Reagan and his democratic challenger, former Vice President walter mondale. The candidates answered questions from a panel of journalists on defense and Foreign Policy issues, including u. S. Involvement and cia activities in central america, negotiations with the soviet andn on Nuclear Stockpiles fighting terrorists in lebanon and the broader middle east. The ticket of Ronald Reagan and george h. W. Mondale and Geraldine Ferraro in the general election. Winning the popular vote 59 to 41 . This debate from kansas city is just under 90 minutes. [applause] dorothy good evening from the Municipal Auditorium in kansas city. I am dorothy ridings, the president of the league of women voters, the sponsor of this final president ial debate of the 1984 campaign between republican Ronald Reagan and democrat