Visit ncicap. Org] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2020] this man needs the Fire Department. Yes, lots of other people need the Fire Department to. People all over the city are reporting fires. ,ittle fires, big fires everybody wants to report a fire. Well, not everybody, but that is the way it to the firemen of los angeles who respond to 23,000 alarms each year. Most fires are the direct result of carelessness or indifference. It is because of these shortcomings on the part of a few that the majority of people banded together in villages, towns, and metropolitan cities have been forced to provide defense against fire to protect their lives and property. To provide such protection, your Fire Department maintains fire stations all parts of the city. The location of each is made primarily on the life hazard and Property Values to be protected in any given area. Consideration is also given to seeing that all areas within the city are readily accessible to Fire Companies with a minimum amount of travel. New constructions insofar as it is possible to do so is in keeping with the architectural trend of the community. Housed within these stations are the crews and equipment of basic firefighting units. The Engine Companies, or hose carriers as they are sometimes called, are manned by firemen, whose chief responsibility is to get water on the fire. With this two piece Engine Company, taking the hydrant is the first operation when going into action. The hose carrier proceeds to the its companion unit moves into position. As the hose carrier comes to a stop, additional hoses are removed, enough to reach all sides of the fire. When this is done, the line is broken. The nozzle is put on. Shut off. And the men lead in. When hose lines are in position, the pumper taking water from the hydrant steps up the pressure to produce efficient firefighting stream. A triple combination or one piece Engine Company combines water tanks, and pump on the same unit. When a line is laid from the hydrant to the scene of a fire, a special valve enables men at the nozzle to get water at high hydrant pressure immediately. Hose tools and necessary to reach the fire has been removed. After this is done, a triple combination apparatus must return to the hydrant. And as soon as the pump is hooked up, hydrant pressure at the nozzle is increased without ever shutting off the flow of water. Lack of discovery and delayed alarm results in fires of considerable magnitude. It is on such fires that heavy streams going thousands of gallons of water a minute are required. In manufacturing and industrial areas, where the possibility of conflagration are the greatest manifold companies such as these , are located. Piecely, they are two Engine Companies, differing primarily from the regular two piece companies and that they in that they carry larger hoses, making it possible to supply water to a great many more hose line. Truck companies, or hook and ladder companies, are manned by crews who have the responsibility of laddering till things, performing rescue work and leading to release hot air, smoke, and gases so that men with hose lines and get to a fire can kill it at its point of origin. Hydraulically controlled aerial ladders, such as this one, are easily operated by one man. Such ladders can be raised to roof or windows on the upper floor of high holding to provide a means of escape for trapped truck men to enable roof. Ch roof reach the chopping holes in roofs may say seem ofof questionable value to bystanders, but it is a most important operation in fire control. Life nets, carried by all truck companies, are another means of escape, but only used as a last resort. At fires where deadly fumes and gases are encountered, gas mask afford protection. Structural conditions encountered determined the determine the choice of ladders to be used in a fire. Hand ladders vary in length from 1450 feet. From one to as many as six men are required to carry and raise them. Forcible entry, cleanup, and integrating tools complete the trucks equipment. Salvage companies protect property from smoke and water damage. As hose lines are being laid and ladders raised by other basic units, the salvage men are inside, covering furniture, merchandise, stock and other property with waterproof cover. Covers. The welltrained salvage man is alert to protect most valuable items first. The use of sawdust completes the operation of keeping water away from stacked and covered furnishing. It absorbs water and is also used to form dams to control the flow of water. Once a fire has been extinguished, the work of the salvage men is just beginning. These companies are the last ones to leave the scene of a fire. Salvage companies are equipped with the necessary tools to combat water damage. It is their job to do the final cleanup work and leave the premises in the best possible condition. Salvage companies are responsible for the saving of thousands of dollars worth of property each year. Their efforts have resulted in the reduction of your Fire Insurance rate. Basic firefighting companies are backed up by special equipment and trained crews to handle special types of fire. Mountaincontrol patrol stations have trucks that carry hoses and water. Although capable of drafting or containing water when available, these units are a necessity in those areas far removed from a source of water. Brush fires in the square miles 125 of Mountain Area within our city are a constant menace. Letter patrols water controls play an important part in the ols play antr important part in the extinguishing of small brush fires. These men maintain yearround patrol and inspections. Theirs is a job of Fire Prevention by enforcing strict fire regulations so necessary in this hazardous area. Bulldozers are used yearround, constructing fire roads to make the Mountain Area accessible to manpower and equipment when a fire strikes. This equipment has proved its worth in helping to bring brush fires under control. In direct contrast to our arid Mountain Area, where water for firefighting purposes has long been a problem, we find a different situation at the los angeles harbor. Oil, lumber, and chemicals are but a few of the products of the industries that adds to the potential of fire hazard. Over 45 miles of waterfront, with warehouses, ships, and oil soaked stairs contribute to the possibility of fire. Landbased firefighting companies protecting the waterfront are supported by fire attackingble of fires from the seaward side. Seawater in abundance is survived by pumps, capable of supplied by pumps, capable of delivering thousands of gallons of water a minute for firefighting purposes. Of exceptional importance is the ability of our fire boats to supply water to Engine Companies should the need arise. There are occasions when fires reach serious proportions. In such instances, the radiated heat may become so great that firemen and hand lines cannot approach close enough to efficiently fight the fire. Portable monitors and wagon batteries supply the great amount of water needed. Or when such fires evolve the upper floors of buildings, the water tower is the answer. Obviously, water damage is extensive. But confining this fire to the point of origin is a must to prevent the spread to adjoining structures. Night fires, particularly where Electrical Systems have been damaged, the laborious procedure of letting down material to prevent rekindle is a problem. Equipped withies portable generators furnish the necessary illumination. Coffee urns on utility trucks supply firemen with their favorite drink. Java, strong, black, and hot. Oil fires present a unique firefighting problem. Companies carrying powder and foam generators are in constant readiness to suppress such fires. Foam powder is mixed with water and flown up the nozzle and has a strong smothering effect. Speedy fire control units protect the citys air force so that an immediate rescue of the occupants can be accomplished. They prevent the spread of such fires to other properties. Rescue companies, strategically located throughout the city, respond with oxygen, demanding emergency resuscitation. Firemen assigned to these units are wellversed in all branches of firstaid. The majority of their calls require the administration of oxygen for respiratory failure. This is caused by drowning, electric shock of a heart attack inevitable attempts at selfdestruction, suicide. The duties of the fire chief may be likened to those of a general manager he race with a board of commissioners that determine broad matters policy. Routine Department Procedures are formulated by the deputy chief. And assistant chief officers who are in command of the three major divisions of the firefighting forces within the city. Divisions are further divided into battalions, each of which consists of a number of fire stations housing firefighting units. Each battalion is under the supervision of a battalion chief. Who responds to and takes charge of all fires within its his battalion. He is responsible for the efficient operation of the companies under his command. Direct control of individual firefighting units is relegated to captain. ,ngineers, or pump operators auto firemen, or drivers, tillermen, a kind of backseat driver, hosemen, truckmen, and salvage men complete the line of rank. All firemen are appointed and promoted under civil service. Applicants, or provisional appointment, are required to pass a written examination. Strenuous, physical agility tests. And are subject to close medical scrutiny before acceptance. After appointment, rookies are sent to the drill tower, where they are given an intensive training course. Here a man becomes familiar with the tools of the trade. Classroom sessions are a part of the training course. Those who pass are assigned to Fire Companies, where they serve a sixmonth probationary period before becoming regular members , of the Fire Department. Here at the heart of the Fire Department, where all communication is passed. When the glass is broken, the nu hook is pulled down, the number of the box is received on one of these registers. Relayed by ately transmitter to those firefighting units, who by prearrangement would respond to a box alarm at that location. A quick check informs each captain of the box location, the assignment and the Additional Companies that will respond on a second or greater alarm. Need for additional help can only be determined by the arrival of the First Company at the fire. When fires are reported by telephone, the correct address must be giving, if the Fire Department is to send aid. A quick check of the map. And the fire dispatcher relays the address to the nearest fire company via direct wire. In reporting the location of a fire, remember, is it street, avenue, drive, or place . Accurate check is kept of the fire of alll units by the fire dispatcher. The transmission of orders is expedited by the use of twoway radio. Units in the field may communicate with each other as well as with the fire dispatcher. Fires which cause a loss exceeding 100, or that of suspicious nature are only , investigated by members of the arson bureau, detectives of the fire service. Determining the cause of fires is important. It contributes greatly. When the cause of fire is known, steps can be taken by the Fire Department to prevent similar occurrences. The questioning of witnesses, or suspicious characters, and the careful examination of evidence usually results in the apprehension of individuals guilty of the crime of arson. And of course, ultimate prosecution. Such fires are motivated by profit, revenge, hate, or to satisfy the perverted desires of the mentally unbalanced. The pyromaniac. The prevention of fire goes handinhand with its extinguishment and is considered by many authorities to be of equal importance. Good Fire Prevention practices keep unwanted fires from occurring in the first place. Fire laws and ordinances are formulated by Fire Prevention authorities and engineers, well acquainted with the hazards and in various occupancies and industries. Such laws are based upon past experience, and their prime objective is to prevent fire. Enforcement is the responsibility of the Fire Department. For this purpose, it maintains the Fire Prevention bureau. Inspectors, all of whom have had actual firefighting experience, are wellversed in existing fire regulations. These men conduct thousands of inspections each year, seeking out and correcting fire and life hazards. Particular attention is given to manufacturing and industrial plants, where the potential fire hazard is most severe. A close watch is maintained in places where large numbers of people congregate. It is here that the life hazard is greatest. Hospital and sanitariums, housing bedridden and invalid people are visited regularly. Safety campaigns are a yearround procedure in our schools. Lifesaving devices are useless , if they fail to operate in an emergency. And poorly maintained onary facts auxiliaryng firefighting appliances are worse than useless. As a breeder of fire, poor housekeeping is the worst of offenders. Failure to cooperate in improving conditions may result in prosecution. Fires after 10 00 a. M. Are also a Fire Prevention problem are also a Fire Prevention problem. For many years, captains of firefighting companies have made routine Building Inspections to acquaint themselves with conditions that might affect firefighting operations. Twoway radio makes it possible for entire companies to spread the gospel of Fire Prevention in their own district. Should fire occur while they are engaged in this work, fire dispatcher may contact them immediately since one man always remains within hearing distance of the radio. This program calls for personal contact with each and every homeowner to explain the common hazards responsible for most home fires and to make sure that regulations governing these hazards are thoroughly understood. To further aid this work, the general public is reached by direct mail, by newspaper leases releases and frequent radio broadcasts. Beyond this point, the Fire Department must rely on public cooperation. The fight against fire is a never ending fight. Each year, thousands of lives, and millions of dollars of property go up in smoke. The tragedy is that most fires are preventable. But human carelessness accounts for most of them. Preventing fire is everyones job. But the control and extinguishing of fires one started is the responsibility of the Fire Department. To this end, modern apparatus and equipment play an important part when manned by efficient, welltrained crews. A firemans job is a hazardous one, of teamwork and preparedness. He must be ready any moment of day or night to come to your need when fire or disaster strikes. By the simple expedient of dialing 116 on your telephone, or by breaking the glass and pulling the hook on a street fire alarm box, the fire protective responses of your Fire Department are at your service. But remember, report all fires promptly, for unless you do, how can we help you . [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2020] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] you can watch archival films on Public Affairs in their entirety on our weekly series, reel america. Saturday at 10 00 p. M. And sunday at 4 00 p. M. Eastern here on American History tv. Watching American History tv, exploring our nations past every weekend on cspan3. This week, we are looking back to this date in history. H. Meredith is formally enrolled at the university of mississippi commanding one chapter in the federal governments efforts to desegregate. The 118 yearro in history. Our cameraman was attacked but he did salvage pictures of the governor at the scene. The governor fondly court order long and bitterly, saying fought the Governor Court order bitterly. Even as he talked, riots were breaking out in oxford. Follow us on social media at cspan history for more this day in history clips and posts. On september 2, 1945, government and military officials from the empire of japan signed surrendered documents in a ceremony aboard the uss missouri in tokyo bay. , formally bringing world war ii to a close. Japanese emperor hirohito had announced japans surrender earlier, on august 19, 1945. To mark the 75th anniversary the friends of the world war ii memorial hosted a online commemorative Program Including remarks from general mark milley and nbc author tom brokaw. Good morning. I am the vice chair of the friends of the National World war ii memorial and the proud daughter of a world war ii veteran. Thank you for joining us