This man needs the Fire Department. Big fires. Little fires. Everybody wants to report a fire. That is the way it seems, the Fire Department response to 23,000 alarms each year. Most fires are the direct result of carelessness or indifference. It is because of these shortcomings on the part of a few that the majority of people banded together in villages, towns, and metropolitan cities have been forced to provide defense against fire to protect their lives and property. To provide such protection, your Fire Department maintains fire stations in every part of the city. The location of each is made primarily on the light hazard and life hazard and Property Values of any given area. Tosideration is also given saying that all areas within the city are readily accessible to Fire Companies with a minimum amount of travel. Constructions insofar as it is possible to do so is in keeping with the cart architectural gender the community. Trend of theral community. Housed within the stations are the crews and equipment of basic firefighting units. The Engine Companies, or hose carriers as they are sometimes caused called, are manned by firefighters whose chief response ability is to get water on the fire. With this two piece Engine Company, taking the hydrant is the first operation when going into action. The hose carrier proceeds to the fire. As his companion unit moves into position. As the hose carrier comes to a are, additional hoses removed, and noted to reach all sides of the fire. When this is down, the line is broken. On. Nozzle is put shut off. And the men lead in. When hose lines are in position, taking water from the hydrant steps up the pressure to produce the efficient firefighting stream. A triple combination or one piece Engine Company combines houses, water tanks, and pump on the same unit. When a line is laid from the hydrant to the scene of a fire, a special valve enables men at the nozzle to get water at High Pressure immediately. That is after the necessary hose to reach the fire has been removed. After this is done, a triple combination apparatus must return to the hydrant. And as soon as the pump is hooked up, High Pressure at the nozzle is increased without ever shutting off the flow of water. Lack of discovery relates in fires of considerable magnitude. It is on such fires that heavy streams going thousands of gallons of water a minute are required. In manufacturing and industrial manifold companies such as these are located. Two peas they are Engine Companies, differing primarily from the regular two piece companies and that they carry larger diameter hoses. Making it possible to supply water to a great many more hose line. Chuck companies Truck Companies, or hook and ladder companies, are manned by crews that have the responsibility of laddering till things, performing rescue work and into leading to release hot air, smoke, and gases so that men with hose lines and get to a fire and kill it at its point of origin. Hydraulically controlled aerial ladders, such as this one, are easily operated by one man. Such ladders can be raised to the roof or windows on the upper floor of either building to provide a means of escape. Or to enable truck then truck men. Chopping holes in roofs may say men of questionable value to bystanders, but it is a most important operation and control. In fire control. Life nets carried by all Truck Companies are another means of escape, but only used as a last resort. At fires where deadly fumes and gases are encountered, gas mask provide protection. Structural conditions encountered determined the choice of ladders to be used in a fire. Hand letters vary in length from 1450 feet. From one to as many as six men are required to carry and raise them. Forcible entry, cleanup, and ventilating tools complete equipment. Salvage companies protect. Roperty from water damage as hose lines are being laid and ladders raised by other basic units, the salvage men are inside, covering furniture, merchandise, stock and other property with waterproof cover. Salvage man isd alert to protect most valuable items first. The use of sawdust completes the operation of keeping water away from furnishing. It absorbs water and is also to control thems flow of water. Has beenre extinguished, the work of the salvage men is just beginning. These companies are the last ones to leave a scene of a fire. Companies are equipped with the necessary tools to combat water damage. It is their job to do the final cleanup work and leave the premises in the best possible condition. Salvage companies are responsible for the saving of thousands of dollars of property each year. Their efforts throughout the years have resulted in the reduction of your Fire Insurance rates. Companiesfirefighting are backed up by special equipment and trained crews to handle special types of fire. Haveain patrol stations trucks that carry hoses and water. Although capable of drafting or containing water when available, these units are a necessity in those areas far removed from a source of water. The 120 fiven square miles of Mountain Area within our city are a constant menace. In the 125 square miles of Mountain Area within our city are a constant menace. Lay nd other tools play an important part in the extinguishing of small brush fires. These men maintain yearround patrol and inspections. Fires is a job of prevention by enforcing strict fire regulations so necessary in this hazardous area. Bulldozers are used yearround, constructed fire roads to make the Mountain Area accessible to manpower and equipment when a fire strikes. This equipment has proved its worth in helping to bring brush fires under control. In direct contrast to our Mountain Area, where water for firefighting purposes has long been a problem, we find a different situation at the harbor. Oil, lumber, and chemicals are but a few of the product in the industries that adds to the potential of fire hazard. Over 45 miles of waterfront, with warehouses, ships, and oil soaked stairs contribute to the possibility of fire. Landbased firefighting companies protecting the waterfront are supported by fire attacking of from the seaward side. Ships isard shapes responsible of the fire boat crews, particularly when such are out of shape from landbased entities companies. Seawater and abundance is survived by pumps, capable of delivering thousands of gallons of water a minute for firefighting purposes. Of exceptional importance is the ability of our fire hose to supply water to Engine Companies should the need arise. There are occasions when fires reach serious proportions. In such instances, the radiated heat might become so great that firemen and hand lines cannot approach close enough to efficiently fight the fire. Portable monitors and supply the great amount of water needed. Or when such fires evolve the upper floors of buildings, the water tower is the answer. Water damage is extensive. But it is a must to prevent the spread to adjoining structures. Night fires, particularly where Electrical Systems have damaged smoldering materials to rekindle is a problem. Furnish theanies necessary illumination. Trucksurns on utility supply firemen with their favorite drink. And tough. Ck, oil fires present a unique problem. Companies carrying powder and foam generators are in constant readiness to suppress such fires. Powder iser foam mixed with water and flown up the nozzle and has a strong smothering effect. Speedy fire control units protect the citys air force. Immediate rescue of the occupants can be accomplished. They prevent the spread of such fires to other properties. Rescue companies, located throughout the city, respond with oxygen, demanding emergency resuscitation. These unitsgned to are wellversed in all branches of firstaid. The majority of their calls require the administration of oxygen or cash for respiratory failure. Oxygen for respiratory failure. Heart attack, and inevitable attempts at suicide. The duties of the fire team maybe i can to those of the fire chief may be likened to that of a general. Policy. Matters of formed bytment the deputy chief. Officers who chief are in command of the three major divisions of the firefighting worsens within the city. Firefighting or seized within the city. Divisions are further divided into battalions, each of which consist of a number of fire stations housing firefighting units. Each battalion is under the supervision of a battalion chief. Her responds to and takes charge of all fires within its battalion. He is responsible for the operations under his command. Direct control of individual firefighting units is relegated to captain. , telemann ivers tillermen, a kind of backseat ckmen, andsemen, tru salvage men complete the line of rank. All firemen are appointed and promoted under civil service. Required to pass a written examination. Physical agility tests. And are subject to close medical scrutiny before acceptance. Appointment, rookies are sent to the drill tower to be given an intensive training course. Here a man becomes familiar with the tools of the trade. Sessions are a part of the training course. Those who pass our assigned Fire Companies before becoming regular members of the Fire Department. Here at the heart of the Fire Department is where all communication is passed. Nun the glass is broken, the mber of the box is received on one of these registers. Ad will be relayed by transmitter to those firefighting units who would respond to a box alarm at that location. A quick check informs each captain of the location and the Additional Companies that will respond on a second alarm. Bed for help can only determined by the First Company of the fire. When fires are reported by telephone with the correct address is be given of the Fire Department is to send aid. Map. Ck check of the and the fire dispatcher relays the address via direct wire. In reporting the location of a street,member, is it avenue, drive, or place . Accurate by the fire dispatcher. The transmission of orders is expedited by the use of twoway radio. Units in the field may communicate with each other as well as with the fire dispatcher. Fires which cause a loss exceeding 100 or appeared to be of suspicious nature are only investigated by members of the arson bureau, detectives of the fire service. Determining the cause of buyers is important fires is important. When the cause of fire is known, steps can be taken by the Fire Department to prevent similar occurrences. The questioning of witnesses, or suspicious characters, and the careful examination of evidence usually results in the apprehension of individuals guilty of the time of arson. Crime of arson. And of course, ultimate prosecution. Such fires are motivated by thenge, hate, or to satisfy perverted desires of the mentally unbalanced. The pyromaniac. The prevention of fire goes handinhand with its extinguishment and is considered by many authorities to be of equal importance. Good Fire Prevention practices keep unwanted fires from occurring in the first place. Fire laws and ordinances are formulated by Fire Prevention authorities and engineers, well acquainted with the hazards and industries. Such laws are based upon past experience and their prime objective is to prevent fire. Enforcement is the responsibility of the Fire Department. For this purpose, it maintains the Fire Prevention bureau. Hadectors, all of whom have actual firefighting experience, are wellversed in existing firefighting regulation. These men conduct thousands of inspections each year, seeking out and correcting fire and life hazards. Particular attention is given to manufacturing and industrial plants, where the potential fire hazard is most severe. A close watch is maintained in places where large numbers of people congregate. It is here that the life hazard is greatest. Hospitals, housing bedridden and alid people, are regulated visited regularly. Afety campaigns are yearround procedure in our schools. Lifesaving devices are useless if we fail to operate in an emergency. And poorly maintained firefighting appliances are worse than useless. Fire, poorr of housekeeping is the worst of offenders. Failure to cooperate in improving conditions may result in prosecution. Fires after 10 00 a. M. Our also a Fire Prevention problem are also a Fire Prevention problem. For many years, captains of firefighting companies have made routine elting inspections to acquaint themselves with conditions that might affect firefighting operations. Twoway radio makes it possible for entire companies to spread the gospel of Fire Prevention in their own district. Should fire occur while they are engaged in this work, fire dispatcher may contact them immediately since one man always remains within hearing distance of the radio. This program calls for personal contact of each and every homeowner to explain the common hazards responsible for most home fires and to make sure that regulations governing these hazards are thoroughly understood. To further aid this work, the general public is reached by erect mail, by newspaper leases releases and frequent radio broadcast. Beyond this point, the Fire Department must rely on public cooperation. The fight against fire is a never ending fight. ,ach year, thousands of lives and millions of dollars of property go up in smoke. The tragedy is that most fires are preventable. But human carelessness accounts for most of them. Preventing fire is everyones job. But the control and extinction of fires one started is the responsibility of the Fire Department. To this end, modern apparatus and equipment play an important part when manned by efficient, welltrained crews. A firemans job is a hazard use more hazardous 1, 1 of teamwork and preparedness. He must be ready any moment of day or night to come to your need when fire or disaster strikes. By the simple expedient of telephone, on your or by breaking the glass and pulling the hook on a street fire alarm box, the fire protective responses of your Fire Department are at your service. But remember, report all fires for unless promptly, you do, how can we help you . You can watch archival films in their entirety on our weekly america. Reel here on American History tv. Week, Vice President mike pence and Kamala Harris will debate. This sunday, American History tv looks back to 1984 when incumbent Vice PresidentGeorge H W Bush and new york congresswoman Geraldine Ferraro answered questions from a panel of journalists. Heres a preview. I am surprised and pleased. I think i just heard misses for r. O. C. That she would do away with all covert mrs. Ferraro would do away with all covert this is serious business. In quiet support for a friend, i will leave that one there. We help you with the difference between iran and the embassy in lebanon. Iran, we were held by foreign government. Wanton,on, you had a terrorist action where the government opposed it. We went to lebanon to give peace a chance, to stop the bombing of civilians in beirut, to remove 13,000 terrorist from lebanon we did. We saw the formation of a government of reconciliation and for somebody to suggest as our two opponents have that these men died in shame, they better not tell the parents of those young marines. They gave peace a chance and our allies were with us. The british, the french, the british, and the italians. Let me say, first of all, i almost resent your patronizing attitude that you have to teach me about foreign policy. I have been a member of congress for six years. I was there when the embassy was held hostage in a ran. I have been there and i have seen what has happened the past several months in your administer ration. Secondly, please do not egorize eye answers or it or interpret my answers to the people watching this debate. Let me say further that no one has ever said those young men were killed due to the negligence of this administration or has died in shame. No one with the child who is 19 or 20 years old would say that about the loss of any one elses child. Watched the full debate this sunday at 6 30 p. M. Eastern, 3 30 pacific here on American History tv. On september 2nd, 1945, government and military officials from japan signed surrendered documents in peace ceremony aboard the uss missouri in tokyo bay. Formally bringing world war ii to a close. The japanese emperor had announced japans surrender earlier in 1945. To mark the 75th anniversary the friends of the world war ii memorial hosted a online commemorative Program Including remarks from gen. Mark milley and nbc author tom brokaw. Good morning, my name is jane droppa and the proud mother daughter of a world war ii veteran, victory over japan day. Or vj day the allied victories in the pacific in the end of world war ii, the deadliest conflict in human history