Was brief, it was also impactful. History colorado hosted this event and provided the video. Here have dr. Judy gaughan. She has done a lot of work here with many different things, but dr. Judy gaughan is the associate of history at Colorado State university in pueblo and is one of the organizers of a valued partner in the womens post centennial in colorado in 2020. Dr. Judy gaughan is currently writing a book, surely the world moves. Fork you, dr. Judy gaughan, taking the time to be here with us today and tell this remarkable story. Gaughan thank you, mike. I want to say thank you to the center for colorado womens history for hosting what is a fascinating lecture series. Hopefully it will continue to be fascinating today. I also want to give a warning that there is a trigger topic. Only passed legislation statutory rape, so i will be talking about that peter later so i wanted people to be aware of that ahead of time. 2018, as i was happily strolling the streets of rome metaphorically speaking, i in the organization for suffrage. Pueblo arned that the significance of this did not strike me immediately. I began to do research to 125te the centennial years of women in colorado having the right to vote, 27 years before the nation. As i started to do more studying about that, i did more i became more intrigued about the person of Carrie Clyde Holly. In particular, i was intrigued by the notion that almost no one in the country, including people in pueblo, had ever heard of her. The first woman in the history of the United States a pass a law, or get a law passed. I left the streets of ancient rome, or more accurately, i want them to i walked down two paths. I decided her story needed to be told and so i am writing a book about her. Today, i intend to share with you what i discovered. A little outline because i am a professor and i know students like outlines and so i assume you do as well. I will start by talking about her colleagues in office and what little we know about her early life. The colorado suffrage boat of 1883, the campaign of 1884 campaign893, the of 1894. And the sexism that she faced. Then, i will talk about her life after her year in office as a lawyer, a states woman, and a separatist. And her impact and reputation. So lets start with her colleagues in office. First, we can turn to clara cressingham. Elected in the county that denver is a part of. She became secretary of the republican caucus. She tried to pass legislation and a bounty lot on the sugar beet industry. Colorado was just beginning to plant sugar beets and it was a relatively lucrative endeavor and she wanted to ensure its success. It was vetoed by the governor. She also claims to not be interested in what she referred to as sentimental legislation. And i will talk to you in a moment about what were talking about when we talk about whatmental legislation we are talking about when we talk about sentimental legislation. That same year, frances s. Klock was elected in denver in the city of denver. In the grand army of the republic. Civil war similar so, she is a member of the grand army of the republic and one newspaper credits oher win. Committe he chaired the committee and try to at the state to refund reformatory school. The legislature had already passed and created a school but did not provide funding for it so she was trying to get that funding. Her bill is not passed by the General Assembly. Mention a moment to joseph stewart. For the women, this was the first time women were in office. This was not the case for black men. He was not the first. Before women in colorado could vote about 11 years before that the minutes of the consultation prevent voting. The reason why i am including stuart here is because his agenda in protecting black people protect parallels the agenda in protecting the rights of women. There was more in common with him then the colleagues that she had that were women. Bills had one of his become a law. It made it illegal to exclude colored persons from hotels or theaters and there was a fine attached if you did. Holly, he proposed several bills that were not passed, including a bill on the intermarriage of different r aces, and also forbidding extortion and discrimination in disseminating telegraphs. Re black,y, if you we you had to pay more money for telegraphs and if you are than if you were white. Lets turn to holly. She grew up at the eldest. Not her family. If there were no selfies, so there are no pictures of the holt family. These are pictures from the 19th century. Probably pictures of people who were a bit wealthier than the holts, although they were uppermiddleclass at least. Lawyer and he a clyde,cended from samuel a revolutionary war hero. I expect he was proud of his heritage that she maintained the use of the clyde name all her life. We do not know a lot about her upbringing. The plan was to go to the archives in standard, but there was a there is a Global Pandemic that has hindered some of the research plans, so hopefully next summer i will make it to stanford, connecticut, and get a chance to look at archives and maybe find more information. We do not have much personal information about Carrie Clyde Holly. They were a family of some wealth, always having at least one maid. Not the actual one that was there. She married Charles Frederick holly, who had served as a part of the legislation in colorado and served as a Supreme Court justice in the state of colorado. At the time of the marriage, she was working as a lawyer he was working as a lawyer in new york city. Carrie was his second wife. He had a son that was her age. At the time of her marriage, she was 25 and he was 63. Together, they had two daughters. Emily and helen. Been two have additional children born on either the east coast or pueblo, survive didnt childhood. Asked the state censuses how many children have you had and how many are alive. The numbers were 4 and 2. Raised twoe holly daughters, emily and helen. Hollys movedhe to pueblo, colorado. Dont know which one. Almost certainly took a train to pueblo. They settled on a ranch or a fruit orchard in vineland in butler county. Carrie wrote poetry, raised her two daughters and took a leadership role by serving on the district in vineland. After elected to the school district, she was elected by other members to the presidency of the Pueblo School board. She was in Pueblo County in night 1893. Had worked foro suffrage in new york city, was happy to move to colorado on that day. When the governor made the proclamation that womens suffrage became the law in colorado. It took a few days for the registration documents to make their way to the county or the state. Thehursday, december 7, first woman in Pueblo County registered to vote. And joanna sperry, whose image we have in the courthouse in pueblo today. Morenday december 11, women registered, including the lulu lincolnomen, and eudora logan. The issuesoverstate around voting and race and we know that black women in pueblo were active in the suffrage movement. You it is anyone tell a simple story because it is not. That is a story for another day and possibly a different speaker. I want to focus on Carrie Clyde Holly. In pueblomens groups and throughout colorado no time at all to transition from working suffrage to working to be educated voters. In fact, working to elect women to office. In september of 1894, the Pueblo County Republican Convention met. According to the chieftain, one of the local newspapers, admit at the courthouse you see pictured here. The accommodations of that place were entirely inadequate. It was moved to the theater. There were twice as many voters now that women could vote. There were many lady delegates in the convention. The chair asked for nominations for representative to the Colorado State house and was gratified that there were 16 nominations for four positions. Mrs. Carrie c. Holly. The chieftain article goes on. Mrs. Holly is escorted by the mayor and convention went fairly wild. You have to applaud yourself. Everyone was very excited about the nomination of a woman and they elected holly herself, so the convention went fairly wild when she got up on stage. A neat made she made little speech when accepting office. Just as aocs speech had to be fiery because she is in office and a la tuna a latina. She said she would do everything in her power to redeem states from populist misrule. Partyt time, the populist was powerful in colorado. There were still republicans and immigrants, but the populists had taken control of the government of state. The chieftain was a republican paper and holly was a republican candidate. Let me go back. So. Of the nominees that were published in the newspaper, we read about holly that she came from new york a wild ago, she lives with her husband, she has two daughters, and the last two sentences are important. A very pleasant lady with a sweet voice and an attractive personality who will win votes wherever she appears. Lovely, but she was also president of the school board and that is not mentioned in her convention, although with the previousidates, political activity was mentioned. It is striking to read hollys story alongside the sketch of her and the men running for office. She is identified by her pleasantness and the help of her friend that is going to get her elected as opposed to she is a Competent Person who should be represented. So. She and her campaign in 1894 little about suffrage. She did not have to argue in favor of suffrage, but she argued about the importance of suffrage. In her First Campaign speech in were october, campaigns blissfully shorter than. In her first speech, she said she thought the clause in the declaration of independence that equalll men are created included her sex as well as men. She wanted to pay respects to the western men, his respect for women. The chance that every one of them showed in every way the respect for women through vote littlefrage is maybe a bit inaccurate, especially in pueblo were suffrage did not pass, although it passed in the state of colorado. Those men have to live with it had to live with it. She talked about womens suffrage and the importance of womens voting as part of her campaign activity. A great dealspoke about the Republican Party in she credits the Republican Party and she credits the republican a party correctly with bringing about the abolition of slavery. Credits the party with the equal suffrage move in the state. It made it possible for the question to be brought up with the women. This is a point of contention actually because the Republican Party was the most powerful party when the state was created. The it was created, constitution was written in such a way that made it easier for the elective franchise in colorado than it was in any other state. But, the populists had worked very hard in 1893 on the campaign and so they were quite ter when republicans beyond the state in 1894 because they had thought the women owed them. And the women voted the way they wanted to vote. Women are annoying that way. Was, another major theme the question of silver and how important silver coinage was. This was a complicated story too and i will not get into details, but basically, at one point both old and silver gold and silver with a standard by which american money was measured. Changed to the gold system and went back. Colorado is a big silver mining it was noto particularly contentious for an er, iigner to say prosilv am prosilver in colorado because it was financially beneficial to the entire state. House of representatives in colorado was not going to have any say or direct say in the question of silver, but what they did have direct say in what the election of senators. Prosilver the house who thete got to choose u. S. Senator was going to be and one richard would be prose over candidate, which it was. She also argued in her Campaign Speeches about the importance of the age of consent. The age of consent was part of the partys platform and i have much more about this in a moment so we will move on. Hollyhey got cash when and klock and cussing him out m goted cressingha elected, there were long stories that came out talking about them and getting most things right, but not everything. Seats inen will occupy the next legislature of colorado. They are clara cressingham, Carrie Clyde Holly, and frances klock. Moves. The world we take it for granted now that women can take hold political office. This was a revolution. Ry revolution seems to holly in her first wasaign speech, she also complaining about how she was campaigned fore office. Noticed among the warmest friends of equal suffrage a feeling of uneasiness as to the advisability of electing a woman to office. They seem to think the women would legislate themselves a large collection of on its or some equally foolish measure. But, we will go back there in just a second. Ironically, when they got elected, one of the first things the women worked out was what to do with their hats. Bonnets was an issue, although not a legislative one. The rules of the General Assembly of colorado required legislators to remove their hats. While it was customary for men to remove their hats indoors, is not customary for women. The women talked among themselves to figure out best plan would be to do their hats. They decided to wear their hats into the room, take them off and placed them on the desk. Humorous just found it that they were making jokes about hats and in that had to be a decision that the women m ade. Holly actually writes a report of how she passed her legislation and that gets published. I will show you that in a little while. In this report, she talks about her feelings when she is in the assembly. By the way, you will notice that while that is Carrie Clyde Hollys head in the picture, it is not her body. I stuck somebody elses body on the image from the getty, b ecause i want to show her seated. Taking part in legislative or any other public assembly, i felt no small embarrassment in seating myself with only two others of sex. Among 62 men in the 10th General Assembly of the state of colorado, which commenced its regular session on the second day of january 1895, being the first to meet in its new measure hasnt his and 2 milliondollar capital. That was exciting, too. , Carrie Clyde Holly seems a little bit uncomfortable with stepping onto the floor of the ng andand with writi passing legislation. I lost my page. I will be there in a moment. However uncomfortable to read of the uncomfortable she does itve been, she from day one. , three women 1895 entered a Capital Building as legislators. It was customary for male members, but Carrie Clyde Holly was stopped at the door by the sergeant and arms said that the members of her family must sit elsewhere. She promptly demanded, by what right and this is a direct quote from akron, ohio, by what right several men were allowed to accept their wives if she was not allowed to introduce her husband . The doorkeeper succumbed helplessly. Victory,her first reported as her first victory in various newspapers around the country. Lets turn now to her legislation. Her age of consent bill that became known across the country as the holly bill. Before we look at which he had to do to get it passed, lets consider why she wanted to pass it and how it was perceived as beneficial to women. Age of consent is basically statutory rape. According to her original bill and the wording is here the could have sex with a man was 21. When i first started conducting research on holly, being an expert on ancient rome and not 20 century america, she was one of the first women elected to a legislature and was reconciled with the bill that took authority strongly to lizegelize her infanti her. I began to research the age of consent issue. On this slide, you will already see yellow outlines are my primary sources and black are my secondary sources, or modern scholarship. Among the primary sources is the journal i mentioned for. Holly wrote about how she got law passed in the arena the magazine the arena, running a yearlong series on the age of consent. Holly wrote for a part of that. Age of consent legislation . Why is that important . We will go back in time now. The Industrial Revolution began in the late 1700s. It brought with it the proliferation of cities. This meant that women, who used to be working at home or at farms, were now in the big, scary city. The Purity Movement wanted to protect young women from the dangers of urban life. One significant danger was generally efficient as men seducing younger, usually white, innocent women. If families cannot protect them, it was the job of the government to make sure they were protected. As led to dramatic action when women realized that in america, the age of consent was in many places, colorado included, 10 years old. This meant that if you were 11 years old and had sex with a man , that was considered consensual. Even before women could vote in colorado, they organized, mostly of the offices the of the womens temperance union. The womens christian temperance union. This was a national countrywide movement. The Colorado Branch successfully in 1891 to raise the age of consent from 10 to 16. That was not enough for holly. Or for the Republican Party. The republican platform in 1894 included what was called sentimental legislation, that is legislation looking after women. The Republican Party platform was to raise the age of consent to 21. When holly was trying to pass the laws, she was doing it in conjunction with the republican platform. The republican platform was probably that way because of the influence of women on that platform t 94. In 1894. As is pointed out in regulating desire, women of the purity Reform Movement asserted power even before women have the right to vote or hold office. Was an assertion of female political power. Both a broad frontal attack on male sexual privilege and an assertion by women that laws were not objective, that women have the right to legal recognition and the right to petition legislators. Out that among the female reformers because there were male and female reformers during the Purity Movement in the 19th century among female reformers, there is a deep distrust of male sexual privilege infused. Back to holly. Not surprisingly perhaps, when her colleagues argued that men and women should be treated equally in her law, hollys argument about the sexual double were more or less ignored by her colleagues. The sexual standard was the privilege men had to be sexually free and even encouraged and praised for promiscuity, but in the meantime, women were ruined by this. The men in both the house and senate in colorado felt those who supported the bill and opposed it were concerned with a another aspect of the law, and that is people women evil women preying on unsuspecting men. Visitf the prostitute you is under 21 . Holly admitted it was not easy to convict a man of rape. The punishment was anywhere from 120 years. Concerned that black male would be an issue, that the men were concerned what would happen to them if they had sex with a young woman or girl who them, trickccuse them into having sex with them. That was a big ease of their argument. Piece of their argument. What does it look like for holly . Real, these are not pictures, but you get the idea. January 23, holly had worked hard to get her bill taken out of order. Made a special order of business, which meant they would deal with it in advance of other orders on the docket. All the galleries in the house of representatives this is january 24 all of the galleries were crowded at 11 00 when the bill to raise the age of consent to 21 years was made a special order of business. Women were everywhere. They made an almost solid line around the three sides of the house. They occupy chairs beside the members or sat in the aisles. Floor. En knelt on the members of the equal Suffrage Association where there by the score. The womens club and many other organizations were represented. Most of the women were middleaged or elderly there was a good spring clean of girls. Was the, the enthusiasm most demonstrative fashion. They pounded on the balcony ball astray. Balustrade. Woman later person on the speakers head. This was the first time a bill promulgated by a woman came before a state legislature. The women in the galleries and aisles and on the floor were not only there because they supported the bill, they were also there because one of their own was going to legislate and most if not all of the women present had worked hard to make this kind of moment possible. Hollys bill passed in the Senate Despite her colleagues who thought it was for a woman to make law. The senate was resistant to the heckuva oflly had a a time getting anyone to champion it. She was met with language so offensive she was unwilling to repeat it. The women in the galleries had to leave the Senate Chamber and discussed while the male senators were having conversation, basically an insult party. Finally an altered version of. In the senate. Inaltered version appeared the senate. It was nearly the last day of the legislature. Back in january, holly had gone out of her way to say this is really urgent and we need to deal with it quickly. January, the end of january, it ended up in the senate. The senate held onto it and did not do anything with it until the end of march, and the last day of the session was april 1. They really were trying to not pass the bill, but also not do with it directly. Finally an altered version appears in the senate and the bill was returned to the house, but the house members could not agree on the amendments the senate made. What happens is the two chambers get together and set up a committee. Five house members and five senators got together and tried to hash out the bill. Holly was on the committee. They could not agree and she was not willing to give up the age of 21. Then, that committee was dissolved and they formed another committee and that to 21 butagreed not 18. Although holly was disappointed by 18, she was ready for the bill to become law in colorado. She was inthought the clear since there was a republican governor and he had expressed support, and then she read in a few newspapers that he was considering not signing the bill. The endd not sign it by of april, it would be vetoed by default. She wrote to him at length from her sick bed and persuaded him to sign it. At 11 45 a. M. In 1895, the first bill promulgated by a woman from an official seat in a state legislature became law. Lets talk a little bit about hollys legislative agenda. It was extensive. Areils of the proposed laws recorded in the house journal and Senate Journal only if they are past, and even then you get the whole thing somewhere else. We dont know about all of these bills we know the topics of all of these bills. She proposed 14. Some are duplicates, which is why your numbers dont add up to 14. Three were morality bills, punishing as a crime seduction or taking males or females into houses of ill repute and enticing females into dance houses. To do with education, providing for examination of teachers, punishing truancy. Three concerned womens rights in the family, inheritance, alimony and children. One was about advancing cases to the colorado Supreme Court and one was about opposing educational qualifications on voters. Holly introduced a bill to extend to the female citizens of the state all of the civil rights, privileges and extended tohat were male citizens, and repeal all laws inconsistent with this act. Rightss before the equal a minute was proposed to u. S. Congress, holly proposed equal rights in colorado. The bill was tabled, allegedly due to lack of time. If you think this is not a big deal, you might consider that a few weeks ago, the final state necessary ratified the equal rights amendment. That holly is already calling for it in a law in 1895 is impressive. She wasnt really interested in suffrage, and even after colorado women got the vote, she continued to promote suffrage. She passes a resolution in the house, it is supposed to be a joint resolution Emma Boettcher passes it in the house to congratulate california and new , but intheir suffrage the senate, it was buried in a committee of literary light. We never saw it again until the spring, when a petition drafted by the Womens Suffrage Movement of colorado, the house and senate honored Carrie Clyde Holly in resolution 21. Not only forfamous the content of her laws but the fact that a woman was capable of passing a law. I really like this this has been my experience of holly even though in some ways i think she has been exceptional, my experience is what the indicator says holly is humid, and he and humid, she erred in some legislation. Showed she was bright enough to learn, and independent and courageous enough to take of a broad view of questions. Her year in office was a success. She did not run again but she became a lawyer. She was the first woman in pluggable county in the Pueblo County to do that. Cases ofeports of some hers in the newspaper, one where she was defending someone against a slanderer who stole a turkey. She was successful in the slander case and there was another where a man shot the husband of the woman in whose bed he was lying. That was supposed to be selfdefense but that did not get off. A mixed bag of success, or maybe that is successful, i dont know. She practiced law in colorado, in pueblo. Wrote letters to the National Womens Suffrage Association supporting suffrage. She joined the silver Republican Party. She ran for superintendent of schools but she got very disappointed in the Republican Party because of the silver issue, and so she ran as a maquette in 1901, and she was a precinct captain in 1912. Also in 1912, she was helping canvas she was helping in kansas with womens suffrage. She was still very active. Who lives, who dies, who tells your story for hamilton, the answer was eliza. To talk aboutant why we dont know her story. I think that is important. First of all, her first husband died in 1901 and her second husband, not a happy marriage, they were divorced after a few years, six or seven years. Daughter, her predeceased her after emily second marriage. Her andn did outlive did try to tell her story in a way. Andy wanted to be a writer publish and helen did publish a book posthumously. Part of it is written by her sister emily, part of it by herself, and the bulk of it is a fictional story written by holly the lawyer and the tramp. Neither emily nor helen had any children. So holly has no living descendents to tell her story. Two whoseson is whose good is the telling of the story . Who benefits . Antisuffers antisuffragists would not have benefited. Got would say one woman around to passing a law but the rest of them, we will not have woman in women in power again. The antisuffragists were downplaying her. But the pro suffragists also did imply her. They celebrated the passing of the law and her election and her ability to pass the law, but they also wanted to ease the minds of men on the fence about promoting suffrage for women. If you told them, look how great it is, a woman become a legislator, they are more hesitant to say lets get rid of those. Legislators was less important for the suffragists than we want everyone to get the right to vote. Colorado is working out just fine. We dont want to talk about legislation. , there is this massive thatthat holly is riding starts in 1848 with Elizabeth Cady stanton reading the declaration of sentiment at seneca falls. It is late 19th century, getting really big, and she is on the crest of it. Hollyot just carrie clyde changing the world, but women across the country are taking on tasks that are new to women and working very hard for suffrage. There are many, many names we do not know. But for Carrie Clyde Holly, now at least a few people know her name. We can take pride as a state that we had the first woman legislator anywhere in the country, and pueblo can take pride as a county that we provided the first woman who ever served as a legislator and passed legislation anywhere in the entire country, maybe the entire world. World moved and Carrie Clyde Holly was there when it did. Thank you. Awesome. Is soyou so much, it amazing to hear about carrie that she wasand the first representative here and maybe in the world. My first question, what places might be in the thought of the first representatives in the legislature . Prof. Gaughan the country of new zealand is the first place in the world to give women the right to vote and that was a few months before it happened in colorado in 1893. Changeslso happening across the world. In india, women are starting to agitate for rights around the same time, the late 19th and early 20th centuries. There is a woman from japan whose photo i saw the other day, a little later, 1910 or 1911, that she is here in the suffrage parade in the United States but representing the japanese pro suffrage movement. And most famously, at least in this country, besides us, there are people in the United Kingdom who are also moving for suffrage. When colorado women get the right to vote, i found a pamphlet i think in the Denver Public library, it might have anyway,ewhere else it is a statement about how great suffrage is an colorado, and it is translated into french for the french womens suffrage. So with the world. Wow, such a complex history. The other question i have here from iris, in your research did you come across any mention of the wednesday morning club . She says the group is still meeting today in pueblo. Prof. Gaughan i did not know they were still meeting. I have some of their names in a different file somewhere. I focused mostly on the work i focused mostlyr, on the groups directly political but the much that way, andns clubs in pueblo, they are all over the place, all over the country, and also all over the place in pueblo, so i saw some of those groups. Holly herself was the member of the clio club. To lead into a couple of questions and then we will severalp, richard says of hollys initiatives seem to be linked to moral issues that havent really stood the test of time. You think that played a part in her lack of recognition, especially post prohibition . Prof. Gaughan that is an interesting point. Her bill gets superseded. I think it is as early as 1910, i have to double check the date. It might be that because the law say,f is not, as you standing the test of time, that may have contributed to it, and i had not thought of that. Thank you. Have wasen i prostitution illegal at the time . If it was, wouldnt that have rendered the argument for men being tricked by underage prostitutes moot . Prof. Gaughan i should know the answer to that, but i dont know about the galley. Legality. Was the i do know it was pervasive. You are not going to go to prison for up to 20 years for having sex with a prostitute because it was not considered rape and less she is under 18 unless she is under 18. Patricia asks, what does herstory have to contribute to contemporary womens work . Prof. Gaughan i think like i is thea that she work she is doing, we are still trying to do, we can even pass the equal rights amendment, for goodness sake. She wrote what is basically the equal rights amendment, a bill that was basically the equal rights amendment for colorado. That wenk that can all stand up and do work to likeve our country, and holly was trying to do. Today we might laugh at her law and see it as problematic, but what she did is say im going to make the country a better place, and one way to do it is to make it morally pure. We might not be interested in the question of moral purity in the same way but we are certainly interested in improving the country, let us make our country better. I think many of the people in this audience are very active in doing that. You have all done a good job of following in the footsteps of Carrie Clyde Holly. A couple more questions. 1900, has colorado had women in the legislature in both sessions . Lookedaughan i have not entirely through the whole thing, so i dont know for sure the answer to that, but i think it is on wikipedia, there is a list of all of the women who have been in the house and senate. Yes in the answer is most sessions, there has been at least one woman, and recently, whole lot of women. Right, right. All right. I like this question, and if we have any others, email me and we can do our best to get those out. I love this question what have you found most inspiring in your research on Carrie Clyde Holly . Prof. Gaughan oh goodness. You know, this is not the right answer, but this is the answer. Working with the women i have been working with to celebrate suffrage in southern colorado, and frankly, across the state. But i have been working more with the people in southern colorado. That women are just awesome. Not that we are perfect, but we work really hard to make the so the better place, and thing that has inspired me most is the enthusiasm of the womens suffrage colorado group, and of other people learning about what we have discovered. Im not the only one doing research in our group. There are lots out there. And they have a webpage. The womens Suffrage Centennial of colorado has a webpage with a lot of resources available. We will share that in the chat as well. For the sake of time, respecting everyones time, any questions to would like me to forward judy, send them to me, the emailed you got the invite from, and i would be happy to inquire with judy to see if your question could be answered. Thank you so much, judy. American history tv is on cspan3 every weekend and all of our programs are archived on our website at cspan. Org history. You can watch lectures in college classrooms, tours of historic sites, archival films, and see our schedule of upcoming programs. That is cspan. Org history. The 1918 flu pandemic altered American Life in ways that are familiar to those living through the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. Christopher Mcknight Nichols recounts how the country experienced the events of a century ago and the lessons we might learn. Here is a preview. U. S. , so you saw in the as troops bring back from france, to east coast cities involved in the war, new york, philadelphia and boston, you see americans taking the advice of people like the Surgeon General and Public Health officials. Despite warnings and lots of cities and states, going ahead with major events and business as usual. Moment inhis famous philadelphia, the largest parade to date in philadelphia history. To sell bondsnt and support the war. This is an era when the u. S. Attempted to finance conflicts on the backs of citizens through things like bonds. We no longer do that, which is an interesting topic as well. Aircraftn image of an traveling down the parade route in philly. What you may know about what comes next is how horrific that super spreader event was. Doctors urged Public Health officials and the mayor to cancel the parade. They were fearful that hundreds of thousands of people jammed onto the route would be a problem. Hugef course, it was a one. Two days after the parade, the head of Public Health said something as follows now present in the civilian population is some type of flu, but lets not be panic stricken over exaggerated reports. On the other hand, you look at details like this philadelphia evening bulletin later reported that in some families there are none left to take care of airing the dead and others are unable to bury them or cannot get undertakers. Fewand and infant dead in a hours. Really horrific. After the parade, it got much worse. The hospitals quickly fill up, they build supplemental hospitals that also fill up. At one point, you are getting 700plus people dying in one day. Drown ho drove horse horsedrawn carriages to pick up the bodies cannot keep up. Anything about what historians have been hollering about since march and Public Health officials as well, and theres a great report on the cdc website about the history of the pandemic, this is what we think about when we think of Football Games and parades. We worry about this kind of moment. Philadelphia cannot keep up. The curve could not be flattened about the 1918 flu pandemic this sunday at 2 00 p. M. Eastern, 11 00 a. M. Pacific, here on American History tv. American watching history tv, 48 hours of programming on American History, every weekend on cspan3. cspanus on twitter history for information on our schedule, and to keep up on the latest history news. This is American History tv, featuring events, interviews, archival films and visit the college classrooms, museums and historic places. Exploring our nations past every weekend, on cspan3. 10 years since 1790, the u. S. Government has set out to record data about the u. S. Cant the u. S. Population. The count is mandated by the u. S. Constitution. The count for 2020 is underway. Series, reelur america, films on the u. S. Census from 1940 to 1990. Show, three films that enumerators how to do their jobs in 1940. By the bigowed count the story of the u. S. From 1960. And we look at several short promotional domes made by the u. S. Census bureau to encourage everyone to be counted. They aired during the
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