What are we watching for . How long are we gonna march . Freedom, freedom. Freedom. Freedom. Freedom, my lord, i will be free, we shall overcome. Those young people singing the anthem of the revolution were freedom riders, they were part of the people developed in this revolution. Fashioned to a pattern. Along the way the blacks evolved to freedom rides and the citizens, the direct action campaign, they boil the economic boycott and use federal troops, killed and have been killed. We are about to see them all. As we see them, we will see the growing participation of young whites in the battle. That increase the numbers, been physically and morally. They have taken part increasing numbers, particularly in sitin demonstrations. It was a tactic employed by College Students in greensboro, North Carolina. On february 1st, 1960, a group of freshman them wrote a new page of sit in history, ignoring the ancient barriers, they set themselves at a segregated lunch counter. They were asked to leave, but they sat on studying. The police came and took them off to jail. The lunch counter was closed. The rebellious child a few days later, the Second Movement had taken firm root in nashville, tennessee, at the campus of a university it was more than a hopeful storeroom, the students gave it impotence an organization. His signs of segregation were all over the city. The attitude of the whites could not have been stated more bluntly. Im sorry, im management. We are not allowed to serve you here. That is something i have never heard of, id like to explore and see what it is. I went to the south and on this particular nights, they were having a role playing. And i almost cried because some of the scenes. noise with such training is this that bolstered their dedication, the sitin became one of the most effective weapons. The pattern left its mark on the entire self. Everyone was on the march. In jackson, mississippi, this year a Student Group including whites historically faced grotesque violence. One black student was dragged and brutally beaten. Get out. Get out. He had offered no resistance and but was yet arrested. The senators white and black, spluttered with ketchup and mustard were carted out, and protesting, to jail. Every society is based on slavery from greece to the american south, living in fear of slave insurrections. And they occurred. Spart a coast led one and in 18 century that turner loved one. Both died for their efforts. The american slave has long since been freed. In his descendants quest, there has been rarely been violence. The potential is there. It hangs as ominously over the nation today as ever hung above the plantation yesterday. Take harlem, a major stronghold for the black muslims, for more on that story here is bob. According to the muslims, the white man is the devil, resources are evil. He hates black man and black men should hate him in return. Those are the basic teachings of mohammed, the muslim profit. He also teaches his 75,000 followers that christianity has failed the white man. The American Government has failed blackmon. The muslim solution, a separate black state. Right after world war one illegal need grew based on the same principle. One of many men who oppose that movement, philip randall, recalled conditions that led hundreds of thousands to join the parade. They had come out of the war where they had fought and died and come into the southern communities where they met a violent racial discrimination. Many soldiers were the victims of police brutality. Some were lynched. And therefore there was riots and frustrations. Discord and discontent among the black man. He came along with his doctrine and he painted glowing pictures of what blacks could do where they to migrate to africa. How they could build Great Enterprises and things of that sort, and this caught the interest and imagination of them. Many of them flocked into the garden garvey movement. The black muslims say theres been little change since garveys day. Their recent rally, their number one spokesman malcolm x said the only important changes have been brought about not by whites, not by integration groups but mohammed. The question is, how does he go about helping them . You find a black man drunk, he doesnt know the truth, youve blacks get drunk because they see white people get drunk. They Smoke Cigarettes because they see white people Smoke Cigarettes. For the and adultery, all they see is the white man. They want to be like the white man, so they copy his moral social habits. Then mohammed comes along and teaches black people the glory of blacks. Now the white man he tries to display high moral qualities rather than the low moral qualities. It is feared by some whites at the muslims advocate violence, but thats not exactly the case. They say they dont believe in starting a fight but if white men mystery them they will not turn the other cheek. Other leaders have become more aggressive. To that extent the black muslims are making a major contribution for the drive for equal rights. There are several organizations emphasizing several methods of attack in a times competing for leadership. The National Association for the advancement of colored people, took what it called a renewed struggle to the courts, the southern christian leadership conference, team took its call for all here and now. The congress of racial inequality, this originated impressed the free to riders in the cities. As the movement has mushroomed, they have merged, and led to largescale demonstrations that include children again suspect of targets. The tactic is called a Massive Campaign of direct access. Sometimes the campaign strains is limited policy of non violence, and sometimes exact from its leaders the highest price, death. It happened in jackson, mississippi. Shortly after midnight on june 12th, met gore ever stepped into his car on his driveway. He was silhouetted gates the car port light behind him. A shot from a high powered rifle shatters the nighttime silence. He fell, fatally wounded. He was 37. He had been secretary of the un acp. Lets shut the merchants down on capitol street feel that economic pinch. I had one merchant to call me and he said, i want you to know that i talked to my National Office today and they want me to tell you that we dont need black business. These are stores that help support the White Citizens Council. A council dedicated keeping you nice secondclass citizens. Let us not trade at these stores, and that serve our friends, our relatives, our neighbors. Not these stores. Finally, in this is final, we will be demonstrating here until freedom comes to blacks here in jackson, mississippi. applause in late may they opened a full scale action committee, this was a switch. The movement lacked massive port from the citys 50,000. Sitting demonstrators at a lunch counter were doused with mustard and ketchup the first day. A demonstrator was beaten. Jackson police use this violence as justification for arrest during later demonstrations. They clubbed demonstrators and used variety of other tactics designed to break their spirit. They were often carried too. Teenagers arrested for one protest march and taken to a big shift compound set up at the state fair ground. The city had converted fare buildings into temporary measures. The executive secretary of the dunn naacp, came to jackson and join them on the pick lying on saturday afternoon. He was promptly arrested. They did not stop the gay segregation campaign. Crashing through his body in through the window of his home he considered himself a cause for human rights. He said he was ready to die for that cause. He died a soldiers death. As a veteran of world war ii, he was buried Arlington National cemetary. Its set off a new wave of mass demonstration, bringing mass arrests. The following saturday, thousands of mourners including civil rights leaders from all over the country marched in the funeral procession. After a peaceful march, a crowd of nicolas charged widely down mean streets. Blacks rocks and valuables at police. Police are more Serious Violence and averted win a civil rights attorney walked in and combs the crowd. Three days later, the mayor announced a settlement, ending the demonstration. The white people in the city of jackson, and the blacks in the city of jackson are winning . It is a matter of two races living side by side. Working out a peaceful solution via. To every problem that is presented. Young militants were not at all pleased. The city began to hire a black policeman and School Crossing guards. It wasnt in effect it jim crow settlement that did not crack jacksons racial barrier. And investigation into the murder led eventually to a 42yearold fertilizer salesman from greenwood. A hardcore segregationists was charged with his murder. The Jackson Movement is now concentrating on a Voter Registration drive in the boycott of white businessmen. A sick creation of the best they are dedicated to maintaining social and political structure. Their influence goes through all levels of government, strongest in the rural area. The danger is that between the new determination and the old white resistant lies enormous potential for violent conflict. Jackson, the seat of the opposite, perhaps better known as the White Citizens Council. President of the forum evaluated the revolution. I think that that progress on the revolution has increased the geometric rate the last two months. Particularly since the black leaders in the south have displaced white liberals in charge of the power movement. This grew out of a policy that was adopted by the leaders at a summer conference, from last thanksgiving where the entire movement in the United States was identified with the movement for african nationalism in africa. This is a development of extreme significance, i think. It opens up the possibility for non white domination of the United States through three means. One through the mechanism of the united nations, two through the Kennedy Administration, and three through mass colored immigration which is favored by liberal elements. It seems to me that this heightened piece of revolution results from the south. There was no such disturbance as this under segregation. And this is not entirely unreasonable because these people have found through the encouragement of the president and attorney general that it pays to get out in the streets and carry on and demonstrate. I would predict, if the civil rights bills passed that would mean further, more violent demonstrations. The strange thing is, its a great pity that the entire movement is based on false legal grounds. The grounds being the socalled Supreme Court decision, in that case, this was decided recently uncontradicted, undisputed thus of the testimony showed the Supreme Court decision was entirely wrong. The outcome of all this, i think this is the haste in a showdown as to if the United States will remain a predominantly white nation or if it will become increasingly african iced. Murder, the willful and wanted destruction of human life has been rare in this revolution. But threats against life have been numberless and between 1889 in 1859, 3819 black men were lynched in america. During this Time Congress refused to pass an anti lynching law. A white man who had a history of Mental Illness set out to walk to jackson, mississippi, where he hoped to get the governor to alter his racial stance. Simpson is free on bond after being charged with the murder. In june, a gunfire from the black side killed a black man. That happened in North Carolina. The victim was fred lincoln, he died on the way to the hospital, a 24yearold auto mechanic who like hundreds of others in lexington that night had been caught up in an emotional storm. Rioting had broken out at the edge of the white and black sections, apparently stemming from a tense of a small black group to enter restaurant. Rocks were hurled, shots were fired. He fell to the street, another man was wounded but not seriously. Police dispersed the crowd with fire hoses. They arrested 12 whites in seven blacks. Three of the blacks were charged with the killing, they all stand to charge be charged. The man who found his destiny, had the jury of a mob. It was the violence of a mob in another American City about six years earlier, federal intervention was needed. It was that mob that placed americas racial problems on the front page of newspapers worldwide. Little rock was and a likely place for a federal state showdown tied to segregation. But there had already bids of desegregation in the states. He was not considered a man devoted to segregation. Circumstances were out of control, and Central High School became the pivot in this federal state struggle. I remember the night of september 24, 1957, when the first battles army troops arrived on the street. It was a scene incomprehensible to the townspeople looking on. One man turned to a companion and said, you will get many people to fool around with those guys. Which prompted the response, yeah but its a hell of a way to run a school. It was the disorder of the day before that led prisoner eisenhower to send in the troops of the 101st airborne. State and local police were unable that day to control. The mob reacted in bitter violence on learning nine blacks had entered the school. A couple of weeks earlier statement russia had barge the people from the school. They had gone in and were asked to leave. School time, the troops of the 101st airborne, a perimeter was established around the school beyond which we could not go. It was quiet, but im not sure most of us had absorbed the historic scope of this moment. At 9 25 am, with a military escort, six black women, three black men, entered the high school. An hour later after a few on lookers removed another was nicked by a bayonet. The next night the condemnation of what he considered a military occupation. We are now and territory. In these bayonets it. And the bloody place of this, he was painted it and then felt. In the hands of the United States and this first 101st airborne division. There are now 36 blacks going to Central High School, altogether 126 going to school in little rock on a desegregated basis. This is a little less than 2 of all students. Elsewhere there has been voluntary desegregation of Department Stores and hotels in the city. Plans are in the way for restaurants. The City Auditorium and parks have been segregated, the Swimming Pool has. Not the events of september 1957, generated much resentment in the south from federal power. A somewhat different view, particularly among the businesses who notice the reluctance of new businesses to move into arkansas because of the racial tension. Otherwise the mystery remains, why did it happen here. How heavily so far seen the freedom rides, the citizens, non violence, and violence, our methods in the struggle. But another struggle has raged on the correctness of these methods. A black student, james harden, lost his place for fervidly attacking another student. Those close to him saying he was trying to atone for the friends. The place for blacks to win first class edition ship is in the schools and not the streets. He fell from grace when he set him as even here in this peaceful, liberated atmosphere, theyre still not subtle, yet they are essential difference between the worlds of the white and the black. What coming to los angeles, i decided that i would not segregate myself, that i would sit in office in an area open to any person who would seek my services. The most prominent area this is the and this is the only only place pace where i looked for office what that i look for space. Office space. I, contacted the landlord i contacted the landlord and he said he would be happy to rent me. Red to me but that he thought. But i thought that he should check with the other tenants to see if there are any other objections from the other tenants. Obviously there were none and so i stayed. We looked at several apartments and wouldve taken a couple but it was obvious that they were not open to us so that we moved here and shortly thereafter a residents became available for sale which is where we now reside. I did not want anyone, caucasian or knee grow to feel that i had come into the area to develop a caucasian practice. Being without prejudice myself, my office is open to anyone seeking my services. However, i made no special effort to cultivate any of the dentists in the area which may or may not have been a mistake so that as it stands now my practice is predominantly knee grow. I enjoy living in this neighborhood in los angeles for several reasons. I have a girlfriend who lives not too far away from who i met on the Tennis Courts when we were going over to one of the playgrounds for tennis instruction. This is been several years ago and from this we have developed a very close friendship. She happened to be caucasian. This is incidental. There is a meeting of two friends to friendships to people who have much in common. I find myself enjoying friends for a friend sake. Race has nothing to do with it. Many times when i am in areas where i meet people i feel that usually i am eating them as an individual and if it werent for the fact of the my high visibility i would say that they would probably take me the same way and this is the thing that we are hoping could be erased, that we will meet one another as individuals and just enjoy each other as persons. When we went back east last summer to visit my wifes mother and father in south carolina, we had some trepidations about the trip south because we rented a car can new york and drove down through virginia, North Carolina and into south carolina. We expected problems when we needed Restroom Facilities but at the point we needed them we drove into a station and after asking the attended to his very courteous, and before he we could ask he asked us if we would like to use the restroom and presented lucky. This was not to segregated says facilities. The thing that hurt was when you dont expect to be segregated or discriminated against find it, we had this happen to us in cedar, iowa when we were on our way to california from chicago. I was too tired to drive further safely and stopped at a motel that had a sign outside vacancy. Until the attendant came out saw my face and what back into the office and came back to report that there was no vacancy. On our trip to south carolina, i visited we were visiting our cousins there in charleston. One day we wanted to go to the store and the store was across, across the playground and the playground was right in the middle so we had to walk around the playground to get to the store. I thought the best way to get to the store was right through the park, so it felt kind of odd just going around something if you couldnt even put your foot in something because something might happen and we didnt want to disturb anything. We had lived in california for the greater portion of the time that the children have been growing. Gales schooling has been all along in schools where there was no segregation. So that after graduating from high school, we decided to send gayle to bennett collagen greensboro, North Carolina. Very often we find that in these integrated schools that there is not enough activity for the knee grow girl meaning theyre not able to participate from a standpoint of just being a girl as. As far as being needle girls here again this issue comes up. As it is living in los angeles i have always gone to an integrated high school. I found no problems here with the races. Fact, los angeles high school, we kind of colorado one Big Happy Family because nobody really has any problems. I have gone out with caucasian boys before and i found no problems here because i was welcomed in the group is just one of their gang. I have had parties of my own or i have invited all my friends, white, caucasian and oriental. And i found no problem here. But as to going school to an all new grow college when people talk about other races, there is a problem since they have lived in the south they dont associate with these people and i found very strange myself. My brother has said that when we went to charleston, i was rushed back there because the i like to swim a lot and i couldnt go any place because there were no pools were neither oscar go. These things happen still today in los angeles where you dont expect these things to occur. They still do. This unfortunately is a part of the american scene apart that we feel must be eradicated. I might add that when i outgrow the present facilities of my office which i hope to do, i would like to go into one of the newer class a buildings. I have doubts as to whether or not i would be accepted or acceptable in the building of my choice. I dont feel still today that i can go to any institution and present my Financial Statement and have this Financial Statement examined simply on the facts of the financial compete up compatibility. Ability to repay whatever it is i decide to do. But thats a factor of my being and knee grow will be enter into it. I feel likewise and should i desire to purchase a home shall we say in bel air or driftwood or Beverly Hills which are some of the prime residential areas in los angeles, i dont feel that i would be readily acceptable by the realtors, possibly by the neighbors, i dont know. But these are things that are the snags and this almost perfect picture. The fact that i still feel that after not have the right of free choice and a socalled free society. Quite a change as in durham, North Carolina, nashville tennessee, louisville kentucky, in austin texas has been given little attention. Precious few pages and Human Experience there is no question that the seat of todays communications has decidedly increased the tempo of this revolution. Tactics in one place word opted in. Another and when the mayor of chicago echo other officials in claim the demonstrations reporters ignore them they knew as if nothing else the revolution and. Spread television at its adjuncts or playing a role. They are to be found and what is expression, madison avenue. Outside the building from which im speaking to you, there were pickets last week. New euro actors who claimed that television does not portray or fairly depict negress. Herbert hill who is an outspoken critic of the contribution with with which madison avenue is made to the movement. Contribution that madison avenue has made to the needle revolt, i think is an inadvertent one. They have so dramatized some of the of the american scene that the american knee grow as a acutely aware that hes upon of that scene. Knee grows in america need detergent, they need to and they drive automobiles. I buy all the products from every sponsor on radio and television yet i have never seen any grow used on a commercial. Laura vibe or heard of a needle used on commercial television or radio. Perhaps special Advertising Campaigns for the knee grow community, the needle housewife should be part of the major Advertising Campaign not to separate one developed one for the knee grow community. And your family, especially legal youngsters who persistently watches the Television Screen cannot but have a great sense of an reality after a while because he is never there. Nor in the commercial nor in the feature movie or the feature programs. However, the people who run madison avenue are frightened Little People who in many cases are the victims of their own fantasy. The victims of their own make believe. I believe that the knee grow revolt is a fundamental moral issue. All the into stations of the society. Its precisely in the treatment of the niagara and all of the fakery and all the hypocrisy enemy of American Life abound. Exerting political power. Advancement for minorities in america apparently seems to slow a method to much of who are disgruntled. But their political power is increasing both as voters and holders of public office. This can be seen in massachusetts. The highest elected needle Public Servant in the United States the attorney general. Last november elected edward w. Brook over a white apartment. Brook speaks as a knee grow must speak for all voters. I must remember the rules represents all the people not just a knee grow about the white people all different trees, and he must campaign on different issues. I did so campaign in the commonwealth of nasa chooses and talk about the ills of the mass just government, i listen to their problems, problems of education, and feeding and clothing, and i directed my campaign towards them. I think when this is done that the White Community will accept a man regardless of his race or creed to elected office and i think my election is proved. Congressman William Dawson for a time the most knee group powerful nato populist politician of the countrys an old style political. Boss has power space is district is 99 knee grow and economically depressed. From the slum area dawson can ban margins of 100,000 democratic votes enough to carry the state of illinois. Hes never been is always accommodated to the rules of the club and is it. And new york city the leader of the Democratic Club as raymond jean sometimes called the fox. Considered by many as the most powerful needle politician in new york state. The conscious race later with strong connections about economics. As a political leader, and as councilman, i see the role of the knee grow politician as one working in the area of government, in the area of law to produce those forces that will react on the economy the country to the extent that big business will begin to realize that they too have a part to play in this revolution. Although jones today is the real power behind harlem politics, congressman Adam Clayton Powell commands great popular support. Lately however, towel seems to be losing interest in his chairman ship and reverend power course the favorable aqua muslim leader malcolm x who advocates separation from races. Behind the scenes in washington, equals today play an Important Role in the formulation of administration policy. Deputy chairman of the louis martin feel strongly that the new knee grow and politics must be decisionmaker. I think unquestionably will be a decisionmaker, they are now in many instances. I must point out in the Kennedy Administration that knee grows have been given big appointments like doctor robert weaver, who is a decisionmaker. Its the whole National Housing effort. I think you will find that the treasurer connecticut thats a Decision Making job. The same thing with our members of the state legislator, members of the Supreme Court, like august smith in michigan. These are not token jobs. These are jobs where they have a real responsibility for carrying out oaths of their office and i think they are expected to live up to them in terms of all the people. Until a year ago, no knee grow since reconstruction days has held a seat in the georgia legislature. Now the roy w. Johnson occupies a seat in the senate has become a wreck expected member of that house. Periodically johnson guys new knee grows to their state capital. Is a symbol of the greater opportunities in Politics Today and the higher aspirations i was brought about by the American Revolution of 63. The White Citizens Council organized in the mid fifties advocated it new means of controlling southern across. Economic reprisals, ironically the knee grows borrow this concept and used it to score the first and spectacular that was in montgomery alabama. As it happened, i lived in montgomery that time it was a news director of a television station. In the late spring or early summer of 1955 i heard of a small Niagara Group called him a commemorating promise association. I was trying with little success to improve the City Government to make improvements in the citys segregated parks. The wider hydrant and a large segregate a lot. This did not fulfill a pledge of separate but equal. But such were the goals and an foreseeable prospects. Until december 1st, 1955. On that day, a new euro seamstress rosa parks boarded a bus and took a seat. A few stops later she was told to give her seat to a white passenger who just boarded. She refused. For those who insist the moment we pinpointed when the American Revolution 63 began, that moment was it. Four days later, the knee grows declared a boycott on buses. The idea was aberdeen next in. Nixon made a guess when he. Not governing was not disturbed needle communities still had a lesson to learn. Montgomery was proud also what considered its were good Race Relations and it was not an evil city. It didnt realize that knee grows demanded better treatment could no longer be treated as teenagers. And the knee grows didnt realize their strength at first. They asked only the buses senior grows from the rear, whites from the front but no cut off line so montenegro had a ct didnt have to give it up for a. White city didnt budge. Waited for the boycott to collapse. That did not happen. Mass meetings, not yet demonstrations kept me grows informed and their spirits lifted. Then came the threats. And the White Community learned that the knee grow was no longer afraid. Meetings clam meetings were held in buses were burned and seem like everys the needles alarms their demands and went to the federal courts, seeking an end to all segregation on the bus. It two communities settle down to slug it out and the knee grows conscious now that their struggle was being watched by the nation one. Supreme court outlawed segregation on the buses. Montgomery given tactic of economic boycott. It provided in the knowledge and the strength. It developed a method for sustaining enthusiasm during a long struggle. Told the nation and the world were in this. And nixon who nominated king as later said now we made a guess, we got moses. Well perhaps more than anything else, montgomery gave the niagara as the popular leader. And king has given yes, i have given thought to this. And i go on with the feeling that this is a righteous cause and that we will have to suffer in this cause and that a physical death is the price of summits pay. Its the price that i must pay to free my children and the children of my brothers and sisters and my White Brothers from a permanent psychological death then nothing can be more redemptive. I have always believed that unturned suffering is redemptive. If a man has not discovered something so dear and so precious that he would die for it then he doesnt have much to live for. We have seen that the revolution began in many ways that the course of this falling has many tributaries. Now are we concerned with its effects which we are sater not uniform. One of the difficult fights but one and watch the knee grow has we certainly scored impressive gains t