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Is history. Historical questions can also answer questions in unravel mysteries out even decades after the events took place. Last summers identification of the wreck of the annapolis was aided by a just this month, the naval the navy was able to settle the question of the number of survivors because of Research Done and records housed at our facility in college park and the National Records center st. Louis. Some stories are easily told, some take 73 years to come to light. By preserving the records of our past, we ensure that the Building Blocks of our stories will be available and far into the future. Lynn vincent, a u. S. Navy veteran is their number one New York Times bestseller and coauthor of 11 nonfiction books. Best known titles are same kind of different as me and heaven is for real. A veteran journalist and author of more than a hot thousand articles, have estimated pieces of been said it before congress in the u. S. Supreme court. Sarah vladeck, the documentary filmmaker is one of the worlds leaders experts on the uss indianapolis. And became a seven become assessed of the story at the age of 13. Over the next few decades, she released a world a documentary film of the disaster uss indianapolis, the legacy. Shes published new research on the indianapolis on the proceedings, the official journal of the u. S. Navy. And has appeared as an expert commentator us the book is also listed on the New York Times bestseller list. So before they come to the stage, we will see a short film. If you roll the film now . I started in the navy when i was 16, and i saw ten battles. I saw the flag raising. On the 30th of july, we were hit by two torpedoes from a submarine. And we sunk. The next thing i know, the ship is right out from under me. I didnt know how to swim and the navy never taught me. There are all these sharks going around. It was chaos. We couldnt understand why we were not rescued. A lot of us lost the will to live. A lot of us thought we were just going to die. On that fourth day i said i hear planes, and we began to splash the water and yell and pray, everything. And seemingly, when it got to a point that had he gone any further he would have gone over, do you know what he did . He made a dive. How did i make it with nothing to eat, no water to drink, no sleep, for five nights . The lord was with me. If someone wrote this is fiction, no one would believe it happened. People dont realize the politics in the armed forces. All of the headlines were about the captain. Many a head should have rolled before they ever got to the captain. Its the story that hasnt been told. They dont want to recall this. Its too much. But i will tell it. I think it ought to be told. Id like to start this talk with a question for you all. By show of hands, who can tell me or who first learned the story of the indianapolis by watching the movie jaws . Raise them high. Raise them high. And what about other sources . Documentaries, the news . Show of hands, who else . Who hadnt heard about it until maybe the last week or two . A few. A few, yes. I heard about it when i was 13 years old. I was watching a documentary with my father. It was about the pacific war and the story of the indianapolis was reduced to a single line, which was it was the ship that carried the bomb and was sunk. And i thought there has to be more to it than that. So i went to the library. At that time, there was no google. So if my dad told me to go look it up, i think it was in the encyclopedia. It was not in any major books. There was very little that we found about it. So we kept looking, found some stuff. But we thought someone has to tell the story someday. I figured by the time i was old enough, someone else would do it. I graduated college in no one had heard about. It no one was talking about it. Its still hadnt been made. Thats when i decided to look for the survivors of the indianapolis and thats when asked chiefs was around. I am dating myself. And so jean eaves said there was paul murphy and the chairman and secretary of the survivors organization. I called them up. And they invited me to a reunion. I said i would love to meet you and talk to you when they invited me to the reunion. Thats when i met some of the indianapolis survivors. It was a big year. It was the year that a lot of things happened with the captains records. And we will talk about that more this afternoon. But it was a very ceremonial year. There were a lot of events. That was the first time i spoke to these men and got to know them. They invited me to come back, and over the next couple years i got to know them and their families. And over a dannys breakfast a couple years later, i had just graduated college, and they said we want you to be our storyteller. You dont say no to that. When a world war ii veteran says they want you to be a storyteller, you go to task and do the work. At the time, i wanted to make a movie. I wanted to write a screenplay. And i needed to interview these men in order to do the story. I thought you cant tell it unless you talk to the people who lived it. I started doing interviews in 2005. I wrote a screenplay and took it to a major network. They said this is the best thing we have seen since band of brothers, but it needs to be based on a book. I said i dont know how to write a book. I asked friends and family if they knew anyone who could write a book. Screenplays are very different, by the way. So through my mother and law, i was introduced to lynn vincent, who at the time had a few bestsellers. It was very intimidating. I didnt want to mess it up. I called her, hoping she would give me some advice. I actually emailed her saying can you call me. Im sure she had 1 Million People asking for five minutes. She just had a couple books come out, heaven is for real, same kind of different is me. I was very intimidated. That was our first phone call. What she didnt know, what sarah didnt know when she called, is that i am a navy veteran, number one. Number two, i was an investigative journalist or frye transitioned to books. And number three, i had been praying for an iconic world war ii story to. Right there are stories that are as iconic as indianapolis, but none that are more so. So when she called me i was like god is answering my prayer. But all she wants is advice. What will i do . I didnt want to force myself on her. But after a few conversations, we agreed to team up and then we had our first meeting. I like to tell the story of the first meeting. It sets the tone. As i mentioned earlier, she had written heaven is for real and same kind of different as me, both very christian stories. We had only spoken on the phone. I thought when we show, up i was looking for the woman in the sweater set carrying a bible. She showed up on a hurly. So i kind of knew from that point that this would be a good working relationship and it really was. From the beginning, it has been a blessing. It has been an incredible experience. I will say for both of us. Not only great writing partners, but great friends. It has been a blast. We have been eating our way across the southeast. We have been having a good time. Go ahead. I was just going to say that sometimes we get asked. There have been other books written about indianapolis. Whats new . What are you guys going to do thats different . One of the things i like to say is there have been worthy books written about indianapolis. The first one was in 1959 by richard new come. He was the first journalist to realize that this was, first of all, hey horrible tragedy. Really a bookend to pearl harbor in terms of one began the war and the other end of it. Second, he was the first to realize that the skipper of the indianapolis had suffered a grave injustice. That was the first book. That triggered the survivors reunions. The first time they got together for a reunion was 1960. And then 30 or so years later, another reporter, and iron change earn a list of the old school name dan wrote another book. You have to remember that archives and records continue to be classified. And somethings had been declassified by the time dan wrote his book. But not everything, including the ultra program. That was the most highly classified Intelligence Program in the war. So there remained things that werent revealed. I will talk a bit about the archives in a moment. Then in 2001, and author named doug stanton wrote in arms way. That was the first book to explore the horrific nightmare experience of the survivors. How many of you have read that . That was a good book. About 80 of it took place in the water. What we try to do was help people remember. Indianapolis is much more than a sinking story. For decades, it has been recognized as a disaster story, a sinking story, a shark story. How many of you every week, every year on shark week they rolled out the indianapolis as the worst shark attack in history. But indianapolis was so much more than a shark story or a sinking story. She was the flagship of the fifth fleet, the ship from whose decks admiral raymond strategized and plotted out the pacific war. She was one of the most important vessels in the pacific war. So we tried to bring that out for the readers. Would you like to talk about some other things . One of the things we tried to do to go back to the original source material, there were other books. There were 70 years of interpretations and sharing of stories and a bit of the fish got bigger. That sort of thing. We really wanted to go back to primary sources to do this story, or to do this book. To do that, we went to the archives. We went to college park and spent a lot of time there. We wanted to stay forever until they kick this out. If they would let us play sleeping bag in there, i think we would have stayed. We spent an incredible amount of time there. We went to the naval war college. We went to the library of congress. And then also we were able to interview over 107 of the survivors, rescue crew, and families of those who were lost at sea, in order to really tell the firsthand accounts of what took place, not only during the sinking, but in service to the country. These battles stars, remember, these are 18yearold kids commanding these vessels,. Not commanding, but running them. They were steering the ship. They were actively participating in these battles. So those perspectives, firsthand accounts of what was taking place during okinawa and he would jima, and because they were at the front of the picket lines. They were in viewing distance of these events and witnessing what was happening at that time. We wanted to go back to that. We also went back to the letters, the correspondence between husbands and wives or girlfriends and sailors as they were writing back and forth on the ship. What was happening on the home front . There was a gentleman by the name of Lieutenant Commander earl henry who was the dentist on the ship. He had gone home. There was a kamikaze attack in march of 1945. It was the day before okinawa was invaded. The kamikazes struck the indianapolis. Nine men were killed. They went into dry docks to repair this. And that was the first domino that sent the ship into the mission of carrying components for the atomic bomb. When the ship was in dry dock, San Francisco area, this gentleman went home and visited his wife who was very pregnant at the time. He was able to spend a bit of time with her. Three days after, he was recalled back to the ship when his leave ended. Earl jr. Was then born. So there is the letters between earl and his wife, earl senior and his wife. And he was able to receive some pictures right before the final mission where they had just delivered components of the bomb and were then going to prepare for the invasion of japan. So he received photographs of young oral who was born prematurely. He ran around the ship showing everybody his brand new son. Those kinds of things, we like to incorporate into the story. And we wanted you to get to know these men in a way that we were privileged to in the years of interviews. So it is a look through the lens of these men, at what was taking place and 1945 all the way through exonerating the captain. Speaking of the bomb mission, holding up and lifting up libraries, one of the things that sarah mentioned before was when she first heard of the indianapolis, the bomb was reduced to just a line in a documentary. Thats true and books as well. Its the ship that carried components of the atomic bomb. But no one ever told that story, which is really strange to us. That was the most highly classified Naval Mission of the war. When we were at the library of congress, right here in the city, we found the private papers of a man named robert firm in. He was an army major. It just so happened that major ferment was the chief Intelligence Officer for the entire manhattan project. He had run around europe trying to track down the state of german atomic science because the scientists on the american side were really worried that the germans were going to beat the United States in being able to deploy an operational atomic bomb during the war. In ferments records were all of these handwritten accounts, day by day, a moment by moment of transporting the atomic bomb. So we see that mission in our book both from his perspective, not just as an army officer, but how he got to know the officers, the Navy Officers on indianapolis, and also from the perspective of the men. The money components of the atomic bomb were carried into cylindrical canisters, which were very heavy because one of them carried uranium, which at that time was among the heaviests natural elements. Major ferment and his partner kind of secretly and nonchalantly had those carried into their corridors. Meanwhile, they made a big deal out of this automobile sized crate that they secured in the aircraft hanger aboard the indianapolis. What they were trying to do is divert the attention of the crew. The crew knew that something really secret was happening and they didnt know what it was. And major furman and captain nolin decided they would make a big production and post a marine guard to divert the crews attention. Tell them what the crew did. These are teenagers, again. Their curiosity led them to bedding. They took bets on what was being transported in this giant craig. There was everything from Rita Hayworths underwear to scented toilet paper for general mcarthur. Of course, none of them guest what was actually in the crate. There is another story or another part of the book that we bring into the story, the japanese perspective. We have the journals and the notes of admiral, who was the kamikaze in charge of the kamikaze program. His letters and the letters of the young kamikaze pilots who ultimately committed suicide in honor of their emperor. In addition to that, as we mentioned on the home front, i have here an audience. Jims father served in the indianapolis. His family has an incredible story. Spoiler alert, he survived. His father survived. And when he came home, he married a japanese woman. We had the incredible privilege of interviewing their family. At the time, she was in School Learning and preparing about the invasion of japan and what they would be called to do, training these Young Students to fight with sticks for the invasion. And what happened from the japanese saddened their perspective of the atomic bomb and what that meant and how happy they were that it ended the war. After the, war Flash Forward a couple of years and james senior marries this lovely young woman and they have a family together. That is another part of it that we include that is really kind of a personal experience and perspective of how the indianapolis and what took place in world war ii carried on through present day. The story continues after the rescue. The rescue is tremendously exciting, especially for people like gm whose father survived. Jim, will you stand up . Jims father survived the sinking of the indianapolis. For those of you who raised your hands and said you just had only recently heard this story, i mentioned indianapolis as a flagship of the pacific fleet. Sarah mentioned the kamikaze attack. On july 16th, 1945, indianapolis and captain mcvay were tapped for the bomb mission, as i mentioned. No one on board the ship knew what was in the crate and canisters. They made a speed run to pearl harbor, 74. 5 hours. That is a record that still stands today for that class of ship. And then they went to tinian island in the northern mary on us. They arrive there on july 26th and thats one commander earl henry received those photographs of the child that he would never meet. Four days later, they set out from guam to lay tea on a routine mission. In those, days at that time of the war, that wrote, rod petty, was sort of the backwater of the war. It was considered the rear. The aid did not send an escort ship with the indianapolis. In those days, cruisers did not have sown our or any kind of under Water Protection equipment. They were usually accompanied by destroyers to protect against enemy submarines. They did not send an escort with captain mcvay, even though the navy had intelligence that a group of four attack submarines was headed down into the southern philippine sea. It was sort of a lastditch offensive mission they. Were determined to sink as Many American ships as they could, because they knew the war was almost over and one way or the other, japan would be on the losing side. A few minutes after midnight, on july 30th, 1945, really just a few hours ago, this week was the 73rd anniversary of the sinking. The japanese Lieutenant Commander encountered the indianapolis 280 miles from the nearest land. He fired a spread of six torpedoes, two of which hit. One of them blew the bow mostly off the ship. The second one hit the indianapolis mid ship. About 300 of the crew of 1195 men went down with the ship, including, we believe, Lieutenant Commander henry, the dentist. About 900 men made it into the water alive. They stayed there for five nights and four days. We can explain in a moment to why that happened. But after those five nights and four days, only 316 men survived. Beginning on august 2nd, 1940, five they were rescued. Afterwards, the navy has to decide who to pin this on. What they decided to courtmartial the captain, captain mcvay, even though they didnt give him the proper intelligence. Even though they didnt give him an escort ship. One of the things that they did a fresh was to examine the primary source documents for the courtmartial of captain mcvay. Without 73 years of interpretation and because of the National Archives we found what we believe is the smoking gun as to why captain mcvays courtmartial was rushed ahead. Because of primary sources in the National Archives, we found that the courtmartial and persecution of mcveigh was much worse than we thought. And then comes a 50 year effort to exonerate the captain. That was led by the survivors themselves, and by a young boy who learned about the indianapolis and did it for good, he talked about it is School History project and brought much attention to the story in the late 1990s, 50 years after the fact. And then the third person who was critical to helping to exonerate captain mcveigh was the captain of the namesake submarine, uss indianapolis. His name is captain bill toady. We are lucky enough to have captain bill toady with us today. applause we mentioned in harms way. That was written in 2001. When that was written, none of the exoneration had really happened. It was underway, but there was not a conclusion at the time that doug wrote his book. We have the privilege to tell the story of what takes place between 1998, from 1960 when the earnest effort began all the way through 1998, where it really started to take ground. And then into present day, where they did exonerate captain mcvay in 2001. But that was really a huge effort in part by bill to a t, and senator warner, senator bob smith, a lot of back and forth. And it was not smooth sailing. Forgive the pun. It was an effort by many to get to this point where the captains name could be cleared. And talk about back and forth. It was decades. It was decades of fighting because every time an exoneration effort would be mounted, the navy would push back and say this courtmartial was legally justified. So that went on decade after decade. First, the survivors. Then captain mcvays sons, when they got older, they wrote to president reagan, Vice President bush. Each time, they were told the court partial was legally sound, number one. Number two, president s dont have the ability to overturn a navy courtmartial. So those letters happened in the 1980s. That in the nineties, remember, i told you about dan kerrs men. He found what he considered a another smoking gun. That was in the National Archives as well. He found a letter which indicated that even the navy knew that kept and make they was convicted on what they called a super technical charge. Then in the 1990s, here came young hunter scott, the 11yearold boy who began to force with the survivors. And then a man many of you are familiar with who got involved in the exoneration effort. Who has heard of Joe Scarborough . He is on msnbc. He has the show, morning joe. He was a congressman from florida at the time it happened to be in hunters district. He put hunters six great history project on display in his office. And pretty soon, that gathered a bunch of attention, because it was just made for tv. I see some young men out there. How old are you guys . Ten . Seven . Hunter was only 11 when he started this. He began to write to the survivors and congressman scarborough got wind of it. The next thing he knew, hunter scott was all over tv. This was 1997, 96 through basically 99. He was everywhere. He was on the tom broken nightly news. David letter men. There was a magazine years ago call george magazine and they named an 11 year old boy one of the 20 most interesting men and politics. But it was made for tv because it was a young boy helping elderly survivors in their exoneration quest. But still, when the exoneration quest reached congress, the navy still pushed back and pushed back and pushed back. This gentleman here had to bill toady do a bit back behind the scenes staff to finally help it go through. Or for even after the Senate Armed Services committee in september 1999, senator jon warner would not put the resolution to exonerate captain mcveigh on the senate floor. He wouldnt do. It he wouldnt do it. Senator bob smith was saying please take it to a vote. Senator warner would always say, the navy decided. Estate aside it is decades ago. They keep to sad again. It wasnt until Lieutenant Commander hashimoto wrote a lender to senator warner saying in effect cant we take this burden off of this captain. This wasnt his fault. Cant we put this aside and free this man and his family from this terrible burden of all these years . And senator warner got this letter in the mail and was so astonished that he called senator smith and said you have to come see this. After receiving that letter, senator warner took to a vote and the exoneration of captain mcvay was finally passed. Thats just a small part of what is in the book. We really want to get into all of these perspectives antithe narrative together with firsthand experiences so that you can see all of this as though you are also living it. You get to know the survivors and no bill toady and as a young kid at the naval academy, you get to know the belcher family and the glen Morgan Family and you go on a journey with them as they experience this terrible thing they went through in the water, but then how they fought back and claimed justice for their captain 50 years later. So its more than a history telling. Its more than facts and dates. It is an experience and we hope that you get to know these men and this crew like we did. I want to open it up to questions. Are there any questions . Not only questions for us, but questions for captain totally. Maybe we told you to match. There are microphones on the side. Can you hear me . Yes. My name is aden jones. I am a lawyer here in washington. I fit in a strange category. I didnt hear about this story until the day after fathers day this year, even though i was a navy officer during vietnam. Not only, that i was a damage control assistant on a destroyer escort. I survived a serious fire. We wouldnt have survived it if we had not had it on the way back from Refresher Training rather than on the way to it. This book means a lot to me. But i was curious about the Navy Background and experience and how much this has played into the story i was enlisted i was an air traffic controller. Technical rating. I actually had to rely on captain told he did a lot to take me to see because at the time when isis served. All ladies went on aircraft carriers. But i knew the language of the navy, and i knew the culture of the navy. In terms of for example one of the biggest place is my Navy Experience helped was. In the rumors that an sos have been sent out from indianapolis and ignored by the navy and covered up by multiple parties at multiple stations. Just being familiar with the culture of the navy, after looking into it and analyzing it, that coverup just didnt really stand it didnt make sense. There was no one, not only did it no one have anything to gain by it but also the number of records that wouldve had to been falsified for that to happen was just insurmountable. It just makes sensitive sense sort of conspiracy to to cover up an sos. Another place that came into play also has to do with the National Archives. That is that there was a sub citing about 700 miles ahead of indianapolis is half that have been surmised to be perhaps i58, the ship that sunk indianapolis ultimately. Said it also by Senate Stories that may be that summary did not really exist and there have them have been some people have been covered that submarine siding to one extent or some other. But none of those offers authors have been navy veterans. It just occurred to me one day, why dont we just look at the logs. So we were able to find a ship logs and not only that but because of nathanael patch, and archivist at the College Park Branch of National Archives, who should wear a big and a cape, he said why dont we look at the underwater war for reports. He dug out up for us and we were absolutely astonished and captain told he was astonished to find these detailed records of 15 separate attacks on this enemy submarine that was in indianapolis is his path. Not only was to the navy failed to a tell indianapolis but they knew about of another submarine directly in her path and failed to inform her of that one as well. Kind left a few things out. Its more of a statement enough then a and answer a question season. I only found at the day after fall today when my daughter whos a Senior Editor at hope mcmillon, but was it simon and she used her. She heard about the book and i hadnt heard anything about the book, actually was an advance copy she somehow got a hold of instantly for fathers day. I am so thankful that you made this story so public. Of course one thing that is new about your book as the coverage of the courtmartial and how horrific an unfair it was. Course one reason it didnt come out and see the light of the day is because it was a coverup. I was really terrible that what happened to the captain what i had he had to suffer as a result of all of this. I thank you for telling this story. I know youre going to go to politics in and have the story at the wharf tonight. Originally, apparently they werent going to offer you a place to speak with. Subsequently i learned that that was. So i hope its getting good coverage. It certainly deserves. Its an incredible story. As an attorney, still Trial Attorney but not very much anymore to read about the courtmartial and how difficult the attorney defending the captain was. How difficult his position was and how little time he had to prepare and how little evidence, any records he had to prepared a defense. It really makes the story doubly, and eee horrible. Thank you for getting it out there and i hope its very successful and reaching people not only so that they can understand how these things can happen. We can understand why the coverup occurred, it was the end of the war, they didnt want to talk about this. I was the biggest sinking and loss of life the navy as that ever had. Thank you i guess thats all i want to say. When i was a little in the early forties, fifties watching these a documentaries on c movies, and of course you would have never seen anything about this the indianapolis earning about that i dont think. I dont think dont know whether or is any footage of the indianapolis at some point. It was certainly not a story they wanted to tell at the time. Was that contact established who was the dentist how hard was that . It started initially with the survivors organization. A lot of the family members there were very connected and was able to meet families of the lost at sea, such as the dentist and his family. Its more of an indianapolis crew reunion, more of the loss to see families came and they all have letters. And was a matter of many, many, many road trips going all over the country interviewing, reading letters, collecting this information. Beyond that, and was spending time in the archives. Going beyond the story, itself has learned mentioned, we settle cable what other ships were in the water at the time . They still had their war damage reports. They still have their ship logs in their deck logs. Those ships were not sunk at the end of world war ii so the record still existed. So we would go into those and say, what did they say at this . Time what was happening, what was the temperature over here . That kind of thing. As well as the japanese. It was kind of one step by one step by one step. We will be just before a deadline, every time. Someone would call or we find a record and it would be a gamechanger. Friday afternoon at 4 00 and we get a call from the son of the prosecuting attorney of the courtmartial. True story. We have a box of stuff nobody wants. It all my fathers notes from the courtmartial. And the book is do monday morning at 8 00. noise and hes in d. C. And we live in san diego. The captains already. So we said, bill can you over this guys house i look at his boxer stuffer 1945 . There were incredible Game Changing notes in this. We got a call from bill. Stop the presses . noise laughs laughs so he sent us pictures and notes and this kept happening. Our efforts have been blast incredibly from the beginning and we prayed and we asked for things to be revealed to us that had not been told before. Help us tell the whole true story of the indianapolis and her legacy. Thats kind of how things happened. We did a lot of work but it was a lot of providence. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much for coming in speaking and for telling the story. The thing that i really find amazing about the story is that it was untold for so long. Just makes you wonder about all the other Great Stories out there that are until. With that, because we have the opportunity here i want to ask captain totally here about your experience and having worked in a bureaucracy. Im a former air force officer having worked, i understand some of the pushback or some of the experience that you had to go through and maybe some of the potential backlash from your involvement over something that you are so passionate about. Can you talk about that . Can you talk about if you experienced any negative repercussions from your involvement in this whole situation . I will admit that there was a great deal of vigorous debate laughs mostly from the legal folks within the navy. People here think that this is the way they want to hear it. Over the decades i would say while the survivors were trying to fight for the exoneration of their captain, none of them lawyers were lawyers, and none of them knew how to frame their arguments in ways that would not raise antibody antibodies within the General Community the navy. All they had to do was raise one issue that the navy could prove to be untrue and the survivors entire argument would fall about apart and needs have to sit back for years. So when i got involved, what i tried to do was find a solution that didnt require the navy to admit that the courtmartial was defective. I thought it was a win win. The lawyers could be happy cause they didnt have to clear the proceedings declare the proceedings were improper. The survivors could be happy as we could all admit that the outcome was not just. The problem is lawyers didnt even want to agree to that. The navy lawyers. We made no progress taking that approach behind the scenes. We had to work with congress i would say surreptitiously and bypass a lot of that in order to get congress off dead center are making a move. Surreptitiously is a good word you know. Can i ask a fall on real quick . The reluctance of the navy to even admit that the courtmartial was unjust. Even with the evidence and the documentation and as time passes we start to learn more but why was that there . Was it monetary, or was simply a pride thing that the system couldnt be wrong because of its wrong and what else does that mean . Who was expressed to me in plain english that if the navy admitted any culpability or failure in 1945 there might still be legal people might sue the navy. Families might sue the navy over what happened, the coverup, mental stress, mental anguish. It seemed to be a red herring. And really, i have no moral problems fighting a point of view. What we ended up doing was taking a moral approach rather than a legal approach to get things moving forward. Thank you. A quick question. Senator warners, prior Services Secretary the navy. That ever come up in any of the discussions in terms of his initial reluctance to move forward . Will that was one of the concerns that senators sniff had. Because at the time senator warner was the chair of the committee and senator bob smith served on that committee as well as other names of people would recognize today such as joe lieberman. Okay this is what happens when you 55 laughs those other guys. And. Gals olympia snow. There was a concern that because senator warner has served as secretary of the navy and had the opportunity to rule on this before and had the time to do so, would he do so now . I think it was because of the tough the relationship between smith and warner that warner eventually agreed to have the hearing at all. I cant get into senator warners head and i dont know bill can. Its possible senator warner couldve said to himself, well we can have these hearings all day long and i can just then not take to the senate floor and then i sort of done my due diligence. That sort of exactly what happened until Lieutenant Commander hashimoto wrote warner that letter thats what tipped over the top. I just wanted to commend the captain. Theres another famous naval officer, captain at beach who wrote run silent, run deep. He also wrote a book called scapegoat. Which is his attempt with the families to try to examiner a candle. In short of pearl harbor. That did not go forward again to the captain for his efforts and success in moving forward. I actually knew captain beach because because im a summary. Normal sabrinas revered him. Ive known him long before i got involved in this issue and reached out to him when i started working this issue. He actually wrote the forward man hashimotos book i think it was written in 1953. There is a chapter devoted to the indianapolis and beach wrote the forward. We had spoken about that years before. Then when i started getting involved in the mcvay exoneration i wrote to him again. He strongly supported the exoneration of mcvay. Thank you. One more question. Something will be held up there, i see. Yes. That is commander hashimotos account, not only of indianapolis but Japanese Submarine operations in world war ii. My question is following up on the records. Did some of your research information, for instance the box of the sound of the prosecutor, does any of that end up in the archives . Where it is that information end up . Is that so that the next researcher has . It i am just kind of curious. Does some of it end up as permanent records . Here we have been talking with a few locations, actually. In addition to 170 hours of transcribed interviews, we have these records that we have collected. So there is a couple of sources. One of them is the Indiana Historical society. And possibly the archives as well to make sure they are accessible to the public. Okay. We have been given the hook. Thank you. Every saturday at 8 pm eastern on American History tv on cspan three, go inside a Different College classroom and hear about topics ranging from the american revolution, civil rights, and u. S. President s to 9 11. Thank you for your patience and for logging into class. With most College Campuses closed, watch professors transfer teaching to a virtual setting to engage with students. Gorbachev did most of the work to change the soviet union, but reagan met him halfway. Reagan encouraged him. Reagan supported him. Freedom of the press was originally called freedom of the use of the press. It used to mean freedom to print things and publish things. Its not of freedom from institutional lectures in history on cspan three, every saturday at 8 pm eastern. Lectures and history is also available as a podcast. Find it where you listen to podcasts. Weeknights this, month we are featuring programs as a preview of what is available every weekend on cspan three. Tuesday night, a look at American History tv presidency. On tuesday, Herbert Hoover and fdr. The political relationship between the roosevelt and kennedy families, the portrayal of Abraham Lincoln at fords theater, and jfks response to the Nuclear Arms Race and civil rights. Watch beginning at eight eastern. Enjoy American History tv this weekend every weekend on cspan three

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