President truman arrives five years to the day after his historic proclamation, which announced the beginning of work by the United Nations. Mr. Truman calls on the World Assembly of nations to bring about real disarmament to the control of atomic and all other weapons. Then the president says vast sums being spent on rearmament could be used for world betterment. [applause] in the reception that follows, the president reads to the delegates of the United Nations, among them the soviet Security Council delegate. Roosevelt. Leanor anniversary isan around the world. In paris, the u. N. Already has a record to be proud of. Now, the successful defeat of aggression in korea. By things like these. Atleens Prime Minister the free world reaffirms its belief in the future of the United Nations. In berlin, a quarter of a million west berliners gather for the dedication of the freedom belt sent from america. Stirred by the United Nations victory in korea, but still facing the challenge of lasting free men knowe, the surest weapon for peace is freedom. This is the bell sounding behind the urine behind the iron curtain, as lucius clay lets out the signal to let freedom ring. The battle of korea draws to a close. Capital lies in United Nations hands. That is it below. Inspiring ands an historic birthday president to the United Nations, 53 of whose 60 member nations supported the Korean Military campaign. Burning Red Equipment marks the way as you and forces roll unward as you forces roll forward. It is ever forward despite renewed resistance to the border of manchuria itself. Town 25troops enter a miles north of pyongyang. Here, the red defenders put up little fight. Eight american gis look into the face of death fly to tokyo. These were among the few u. N. Soldiers who escaped their captors during the communist retreat northward. The final knockout blow to the enemyg enemy reeling is done by the paratroopers, closing the trap on 28,000 communist troops. Watching the drop, General Macarthur sits down at pyongyang to can for to confer with the general before returning to tokyo. High on a windswept field near inchon, marines of the First Division hold Memorial Services for 400 of their comrades who died in the liberation of seoul. A final salute to the brave men who gave their lives in the fight for peace. On his way to his historic meeting with General Macarthur, arrives inruman hawaii after an overnight flight and is greeted by hawaiis governor. The president to heads for a luncheon of military and civilian leaders in pearl harbor. The president expresses optimism for peace. In one generation, we have come from an isolated republic, which considered itself entirely safe with an ocean on each side of it. We have come from that position to the position of the leadership of the world, the most powerful nation in the world, and as the most powerful nation, we have to assume world responsibilities. I am not one of those who thinks that another world war is inevitable. That the as sure people behind the iron curtain are just as anxious for peace as i am. I am just as sure as i stand here that if the troops had gotten to those people if the truth had gotten to those people, there would be peace in the world and we will get the truth those people. For wakedent takes off island, the tiny coral a toll. The plane arrives at dawn. The commanderinchief is met by General Macarthur. Building on the japs concordap in 1941 is filled with officials. Before leaving wake, the president adds to the distinguished Service Medal of General Macarthur. They announced their conference brought an agreement on future peace and security in the pacific. The cause of the United Nations is pleaded forward on the historic island of wake. In communist west the good news in western germany is that western military leaders are building strong defenses. Here, special wargames. Military observers watch operation rainbow, the largest live wargames since world war ii. Over 100 thousand troops participate, including french and british units. The objective of the maneuvers is to force back a theoretical enemy from the east. Should the reds strike here in europe, the Atlantic Forces will be on guard. In the german capital, economic progress is marked as the Berlin Industrial fair is opened by former eca chief paul hoffman. It shows the first products of a developing Free Enterprise system stimulated by the Marshall Plan. Cityance, the city a almost completely destroyed during the war is slowly but surely rising again due to Marshall Plan aid. It is being held by eca funds. Its people have lived in ruins through five harsh winters, but are now living into new buildings, which the french have constructed with american help. In the netherlands, the dutch tackle their own housing problem with their own priebus revocation with their own prefabrication system. The separate sections are joined. The dutch are desperately in need of 300,000 new houses. Traditional methods of building are too slow, so dutch engineers developed this speedy new method after studying in the United States. The house is almost complete and the last pieces of wall are put in. In six days, the plot of unbroken ground has become a home for another netherlands family. The norwegian town above the Arctic Circle is another war victim coming back to life. The main industry of it is iron. It has reopened. 3000 men are back at work with United States built mining equipment. This community is recovering his prosperity through its own hard work and valuable american help. In southern italy come along one italy, longst one of the poorest sections of europe, and economic change brings good news. Gather inof peasants public squares. There is some argument from peasants who came out best in the illegal occupation of the land, but generally everyone is happy. The program come announced several years ago but long delayed the program, announced years ago but longdelayed, ends the medieval farm system. Europe is reaching an independent status and that is good news. A collection of 150,000 original models from the u. S. Patent office is sold in new york. This 1876 childrens doorway swing, like this scale, never succeeded, but the washboard became famous all over the world. This chair bed was designed for living quarters. Crowded living quarters. A cabinet bed is a similar idea. The inventor was ahead of his time, for double purpose furniture is increasingly popular today. Rollerskates are pretty much the same in our streamlined age, but this washing machine, invente cry from, is a far todays wonders. A smokestack to prevent forest fires and a modern looking steamer chair. The Patent Office no longer requires working models. Tv is onan history cspan3 every weekend, featuring museum tours, archival films, college lectures, and the discussion on the presidency, the civil war, and more. You can watch the entirety on our website, cspan. Org history. Heres a look at one of our programs. Jim, we only had three. We had we had done the test on the gordo at alamogordo. Then we had little boy, which we used on hiroshima and fat man on nagasaki. Plutonium being a bomb. I think we had one more. Researchknow, is much as i have done, what the plan was. I know someone was exhorted by senator russell of alabama. He wrote him a long telegram that said, you know, use those bombs, and if you run out, use conventional bombs. Bomb the japanese until there is nothing left. He was very angry. Do that andant to responded to senator russell that he did not like having to use those weapons, did not like the idea of destroying japan. He was taking the steps that he thought he had to take. His plans and i know he was a little, a bit taken aback that the second bomb had been used as quickly as it had. It was then that grandpa took control of the atomic weapons. It was after nagasaki that he took control back from the military. Do comment about it was, i not want some lt. Col. To be the one to make the decision. It was a serious weapon into horrible weapon and he wanted a lot of thought to go into that. What the plan was if they had to use the third one, if the japanese had still resisted. That was a short look at one of our many programs available in its entirety on our website, cspan. Org history. American history tv, exploring our nations past every weekend on cspan3. War,next on the civil historian Harold Holzer and Valerie Paley of the Newyork Historical Society talk about artifacts featured in their publication the civil war in 50 objects. In this program, they discuss objects related to the draft riots. This conversation took place online due to the coronavirus pandemic and the new york Historical Society provided the video. Valerie good evening, everyone. I want to remind you that you can ask questions anytime during the program by usg