A virtual discussion. Florida senator marco rubio on americas response to the coronavirus. The cold war ends, and obviously these countries are no longer developed and so forth. Imagine, beginning in about the mid to late 1980s, china decides and will want to come out and build its own capacity. China has used the last hundred and 50 years and that is a rightful role in the world to be a great power. The u. S. Makes a similar deal, and that is that we are going to help you work your way out of poverty and build your industrial capability because we think once you do, we set this to ourselves, once we do, this once they get rich and powerful, they are going to be described for global rules, trade and power. They will probably not be communists anymore, they will walk away for that and they will become like us. As it turned out, with the chinese have figured out is they have certainly availed themselves of the benefits of these policies through a combination of protectionism and anti capitalism, but have not sort of moved at all in the fact that they are entrenched in that regard. Where we stand today is that china has made a rapid Economic Growth in the last 20 years. This is on very unfair terms and now they have the status in the world to reright the world trade of commerce and they want to become the dominant Industrial Power in the 21st century. The United States sort of made this calculation that it was okay for us to let industries go abroad and leave because a, our consumers would benefit from lower prices and be, it does not really matter if there is borderless trade now and even sort of what we can benefit from. We will have access to their markets as well and it did not work out that way. Now, all that needs to be recalibrated and readjusted. We woke up and realized that is not the way its planned. Not only did we allow them to cheat, but we also stopped investing or caring about some Critical Industries and capabilities in our own country. Now we are trying to make up for it 50 years of bipartisan mistakes in a very short and condensed window. We are playing catchup. It feels like a lot. China is increasingly assertive on the state, so the friction point as a result. Ultimately, china and the u. S. Are going to be the two most powerful nations on earth for the foreseeable future. Our relationship is defined in the 21st century. What we should see and what i would love to see china become more democratic as far as human rights and so forth. But i think we have the most control over in the short to midterm is the nature of our relationship in that it is not an equitable unbalanced relationship between two great powers, then i think there is potential for conflict and terrible things happen and begin to rise we cannot allow this imbalance to continue that will require us to stand up, but it will also require us to evaluate our own policies at home in terms of what we invested, what we prioritize and all those times when our national interests, when a pure market outcome leads to a result that is not in our national interest. Yes, it is probably more efficient and cheaper to make certain things and china, but we sure do not want to depend on china for everything from ppe, two basic pharmaceutical ingredients, to the ability to be a leader in world telecoms, 5g or bio medicine or any other iterations that are coming we are in the midst of all that right now it will be the work of multiple administrations to take that significant period of time to get it right you mentioned a number of Pressure Points in the relationship. I want to go through some of those and through a little bit about how you would address them and how you think that congress should address them and how this administration should address them the first is the situation involving Human Rights Violations in the weaker population in western china this is something that has not been covered nearly enough here in the u. S. We have heard about it now increasingly from foreign media sources in particular that congress has taken some action on this what more needs to be done to address the uighur population . How do we pressed forward on this issue when its clear the chinese have no interest at all in talking about their treatment of this minority group. I can tell you this, they do care about their global reputation. They care about global perceptions. I think that the revelations about what is happening to the uighur population in xinjiang has damaged their global image tremendously i think it has made it very difficult for many in europe, as an example, to turn a blind eye. I think it increasingly put its pressure on the muslim world speak out about the abuse i think it comes in three points for one, we cannot allow the sort of practices going on the world so just from a moral standpoint, that is something our country needs to be clear on i think geopolitically, its also something that i think the rest of the world needs to speak out on, but they are not going to do it unless we do not do it first because many of these countries cannot sustain a diplomatic or economic conscious on speaking out. The third, is the hope is that sort of pressure will temper that behavior. They will recalibrate the strategy. Its a horrifying situation and notion that there might be american or western companies benefiting from forced labor. Its deeply horrifying the notion that we can actually be using things in our daily lives that we had no idea were made by someone working under forest, and compelled to be doing it. Its something that horrifies all of us some of the protective medical equipment that people are using was probably built in a factory that the government owned, most likely. Theres no easy answer to stop it, but it is something that certainly we cannot be silent on. It is having an impact on chinas ability to influence events and other countries in our country and how we treat them and other abuses. Another Pressure Point that, you know, straddles the line between human rights and economics is hong kong, whats going on in hong kong with the passage of the new National Security law there. I think eviscerates this one countries systems promise that china made many years ago. Talk a little bit about the reaction to that. I hear congress has acted, the administration has acted. Is there more that we need to say or do their . The other issue is, a lot of hong kong was this sort of commercial base, commercial hub for east asia. A lot of that stuff now seems to be moving other places. Its hong kong ever going to be the same place again that it was, lets say, 10 15 years ago . I do not think it can be, unfortunately for a couple of reasons. The first is, one of the things that gave hong kong benefits was not just the status economically, but the notion that if you had a commercial issue, you would go to a court adjudicated fairly and not politically. Now, with the sort of takeover in the judiciary, there is growing doubts in there should be companies that if they entered they get into commercial disk with Mainland China they are not going to be treated fairly in courts, and contracts are not going to be adjudicated fairly. Theres also the personal consent, if you said something anywhere in the world according to this law the way it is being defined, you can be accosted arrested so theoretically i could shovel to hong kong, although now im banned but i could travel to hong kong, and they could arrest me. For some tweet i put out well sitting in my living room in miami, florida. Criticizing china. So i think that is going to scare off a lot of people as well so its hard to imagine how it goes back to how it was under these conditions, i think the chinese really calculated, thats why this is so important, i think they thought that people would complain they would get over it. They thought they would accept it, what are we going to do . And move on. I think they have to be shocked by how strong the response has been from different places and i also think that is influential on those thinking, because what is next on the domino scale is taiwan. What they are doing in hong kong today is what they eventually intend to do with taiwan, and that is force it into some arrangement for reunification and then ultimately come back when the time is right and absorb them right into the same system of government. Is there any particular policy prescription on taiwan that you think we should be following . You have spoken very clearly on this, your colleagues in the senate have been very clear about the need to support taiwan, is there more that needs to be happening there . Yes, three things. The first, i think there are individuals who are individually persecuted and i hope our country will provide them the way we have always provided with people in those circumstances, asylum. The second is we cant allow taiwan to benefit from, im sorry, we cant allow the chinese mainland to benefit from having the best of both worlds here. They dont have to comply with the requirements of one nation, two systems, but they get the benefits of it. So we cant allow the continued treatment of congress with autonomy zone and have different rules apply to them at a concentrated commerce. The reason why its important we follow through with these complaints is with and with these threats is we actually have to follow through with it. Thats because part of a chinese calculation is that ultimately, the world will complain but they want to do anything about it, because they want so badly to have access to our market. To do business with us. In the end, it will be okay. Thats with their banking on, thats what they assume and if we go ahead and prove them right, then the next place is going to be taiwan and there will be no they look at whats happening in the south china sea, they have militarized it they change the conditions on the ground until ultimately everyone its something they cant do anything about, that is what they are doing now with hong kong, that is what they will eventually do i believe, with tibet and taiwan. On the economic peace, economic relationship with china, is there more there that we need to be doing . I know theres a bunch of work that youre doing for example on trying to create more transparency around Chinese Companies that are listening here in the u. S. Is there more that we could be doing on the Economic Policy fund . Particularly around some of this issue of ip theft in this constant issue that we have to have elements in china, elements of the Chinese Communist party essentially trying to expropriate american ip and American Goods and other kinds of things are developing in the u. S. We have to first and foremost address all the vulnerabilities that they have taken advantage of. For example, they have figured out ways to evade syphilis which is the federal review of the purchase of our Key Industries thats frankly in europe as well who were distressed at the pandemic, lent the money when this company has dissolved and they now take that company over and its one way around that review but we have also seen abide venture funds that invest in key technology, theyve still intellectual property, they forced the transfer of intellectual pop property if you want to do business over in china, so we have to address all of those things. Single most important thing we have to do is we have to identify what are the five, ten, 15 key sectors of the economy that we have to have not just in domesticate capabilities but to exhibit world leadership technologically or in manufacturing capability. We have to ensure that preferably we have a domestic ability to produce it and if not a domestic ability to produce it, an ally capability. As an example of 5g, 5g is a technology that whoever dominates will set the Global Standards and all sorts of. From added manufacturing, 3d printing of products to Autonomous Vehicles will all depend on 5g. So, whoever sets the standard for 5g will also set the standard for all the things that depend on 5g. Huawei two years ago was making extraordinary gains in the world. That poses intelligence risk to the risk of making them a leader in 5g standards. The reason they were able to do that, while their quality may not be as good, they are cheaper than any american product and they can undercut and underbid competitors. So, there has to be an alternative. Some might be Software Based 5g. Whether its a u. S. Company that does it or a consortium along our allies that comes up with the alternative that is cost effective, that opportunity now exists. And in the bill thats in front of the senate now, theres a bipartisan effort in that bill to create a fund to spur not just domestic Technological Research on 5g but also to stand up an International Allied consortium along with japan, india, the uk, others in europe to create alternatives. We dont want huawei, but its the only thing out there we can afford and we have to have 5g. So, there has to be an alternative. We believe we are not far from an alternative thats better and cheaper and doesnt rely on huawei. Before we leave china, one last question we get from steven, one of our viewers, who asks about, you know, chinas involvement in other parts of the world. Are we still seeing china active in trying to expand influence in latin america, for example, is that something were seeing and should be counteracting . I think the main theyve done it is through economic investment, not dissimilar to what theyve done in africa in some cases where they come in with a promise of a big investment. And for a lot of these countries who have no other way of accessing the capital for the improvements, it ensounds like good deal. Ultimately they end up in a death trap. Thats a challenge. We do see it. I think the pandemic has created more opportunity for that. But just picture youre in an underdeveloped country, you want to have infrastructure and the only people out there offering you money to build roads and bridges or a port is the chinese. So, you take it because politically it makes you look good. In addition, there is cases of bribery where in addition to looking good politically you are or someone related to you is making a lot of money off the deal and the chinese come in, bring their own worker, build it, you owe them a bunch of money, cant pay it back. Now theyve got you in a death trap. The changes made with the stand up to the new approach will off set some of it. I think working hard to talk to countries around the world about it. Weve seen blow back in many parts of the africa as well against the death trap diplomacy that weve seen in the past. Theres real challenges in panama where the chinese control of Significant Holdings in and around the panama canal zone is a deep concern to this both from a National Security and commercial perspective. And you talk about cuba and venezuela, theyre involved in those countries for different reasons. In the case of cuba, they have active intelligence operations coming from there. In the case of venezuela, theyre not as pronounced as the russians and theyre owed a lot of money so they want to get paid. But theyve been involved there from exporting some cyber monitoring capabilitys that allow them to do things like internet censorship. I want to move from the geopolitical challenge to talking about economic challenges we have here at home because of covid19 and whats happened there. Maybe reflect back a little bit on the work that congress has been able to do in conjunction with the administration to really help bring america back from the really deep depths of a tough economic time. Were still in the middle of one now obviously. But what were some Lessons Learned from how congress was able to come together and act. People complain about it being such a polarized time and politics seems to be so tough, yet you and your colleagues were able to come together and get some things done including the Paycheck Protection Program which well talk about in a second. What do you think made that possible and what are some lessons we can learn from that episode . I think just the magnitude of the crisis, the fact that it wasnt regional, it was national, sort of a moment in which we live in which youre staring into the great unknown and understood what a challenge that posed. And really extraordinary thing has happened. Weve now voted for two major pieces of legislation unanimously in the house and senate. We werent here in the same time so we had to pass without a roll call vote in both chambers. Weve gone back and made additional legislative changes to the ppe program both spending more money and extending it. All those things passed the senate by almost a unanimous vote and in the house by voice vote. I think what drove it is the dire circumstances we face. Its a tough position to be in. Im a republican. I care about the debt. These are not things i would ever support for the most part in normal times. I think the big challenge we face on the pandemic is theres two things happening here. The first is a lot of the economic downturn were seeing is not the result of bad Business Decisions or reckless moral hazards, just recklessness on the part of the Business Community and now theyre coming to the government to bail them out. The government is telling them you cant open. If you do open, you have to operate under certain constraints. Even if thoer not telling you that, theyre telling the customer that. Theyre telling people not to go out. So, in many ways its actually very similar to a taking. Government has a right to deny you to take your property from you but they have to compensate you for it. The way i view this is the reason the businesses are going through rough times are because of government regulations being put on in the place for public good. The second reality is some of these things that are happening if gone unaddressed will create structural damage to the economy and to our labor markets that will take us a decade to recover from. And make it even harder to pay down the debt, make it even harder to move forward. And of course the pandemic, which is a big deal in and of itself, is happening already in a moment of extraordinary economic realignment of which weve had about three or four periods of economic realignments in American History and theyve all been followed 20 or 30 years later by political adjustments. It takes government 2 1 2 decades to catch up to the changes in the economy, changes that displaced workers, that wiped out some industries, created new ones. That always creates social and cultural friction. That was already happening. Then you put the pandemic which exacerbates probably the easiest way to understand it is the people who can work from home, who have jobs that allow them to work from home because they depend on the new economy or services are all living one way. The people who have to show up to work either have to go work despite the pandemic or are out of work, right, so you cant do hotels or auto repair online, but you can do banking and you can do all sorts of other services. So, thats created a fracture point as well. And then just the regular disruptions. You know, graduating class of seniors from colleges that have no labor market to enter into and what the impact of thats going to mean long term. So, all of those things, the pandemic that happens to exacerbate preexisting tensions that were happening because of this economic sort of realignment that were living through. Focusing in on kind of whats going to happen next as congress and you thinking about potentially another round here of relief relating to covid19 and. So Economic Issues that have arisen from it, you know, the Paycheck Protection Program targeted at Small Businesses. We know that was quite successful at saving jobs. A study from mit out said it saved between a million and a half and three and a half million jobs. Obviously that was successful. The question Going Forward and how do we continue to help Small Businesses grow and invest and hire and get the economy back on track. Is there more Small Business directed help youre looking for . What can we expect in the next round of relief . I think theres two ways to think about the assistance. Part of the assistance to the extent they can is helping a business restart. Lets say you own a small restaurant and doing very well and now you want to restart. But in order to restart you have to have the cash which you may not have in hand to rehire workers but also to buy supplies and to comply with local regulations on how you have to space people out, protective equipment, and the like. So, thats one function of this. Ultimately, the recovery phase is something thats more long term that well have to examine down the road. Right now were in that sort of response phase because were seeing surges in different places and well continue to see surges. I dont think any governor or any state should be taking a victory lap. Were not an island. Were not new zealand. Were not isolated. If cases surge in some place, theyll surge in another, maybe Different Levels but may require restraints. So, our response, our follow up response is going to be more tailored and targeted to truly smaller entities, on to 300 employees, meet the guidelines. Itll largely be 60 for payroll, 40 for allowable forgivable expenses. And a lot of it is to ensure that you put them in a place where they can hold on to enough workers and enough of a presence so you dont have a contagion in a Real Estate Market because they stopped paying the lease and closed down, so you dont throw millions of people on the unemployment rolls and the problems that creates for the problem lose the businesses which may restart and take the place. So, that really is our hope in the second round. We are literally kind of dealing with it the way were dealing with the pandemic which is were trying to alleviate symptoms. We have to invest in the things that ultimately allow us to get back to normal and that means therapeutics that change the nature of the disease and outcomes and ultimately a vaccine as well. One of the things the pandemic has really impacted is our Health Care System. Obviously its had effects nerm thes of Health Care Providers in florida all over the country. Do you have a view this is a question that comes from one of our viewers, doug. Do you have a view on kind of what, if any, changes need to happen to the Health Care SystemGoing Forward . Are there specific health care things that you think ought to be included in this next round of relief . So, i think there are three things. Number one is we do have hospitals and facilities around the country that have been badly impacted because the way they are structured financially is their ability to provide, whether its uncompensated care or medicare or medicaid care and so forth. And it is the ability to do nonessential type procedures, both inpatient and outpatient. So, thats the first thing that goes when theres a surge. So, they lose that revenue source. So, you dont want to lose the viability as a result of that. I think there are costs associated for every hospital in the state of florida i can tell you for example the largest Public Hospital in the state of florida, Jackson Memorial hospital, it has x number of patients registered as Covid Patients. About 40 of the patients that are Covid Patients are not in the hospital for covid. Theyre in for something else, emergency appendectomy, but theyre testing everybody. You may not even be treated for covid rkts but there are costs associated with the fact that your policy has to be isolated, the staff has to wear the ppe. Theyre not treating you for it, but theres costs and pressures that puts on the staff as well. So, all those things need to be taken into account in helping hospitals. One of the big challenges we face is staff. The staff is burning these people for a long period of time, long hours. So, one of the things we want to see both in the hospital Long Term Care setting is the ability to provide on site Rapid Testing for staff so you dont have 14day quarantine periods so they can feel safe, availability of ppes and continued push for developments in therapeutics. I dont think theres a lot of happy stories here, but one of the things we should be proud of is how the american medical profession has improved outcomes substantially because of changes they made in terms of not ventilating too early, not to mention remdesivir and other preexisting drugs theyve been able to repurpose to get better outcomes, the blood clotting medicines being used. So, weve led the world in innovating and its been done in the field by doctors and practitioners. Those are other practices being adopted in other parts of the world. Ultimately one of the best things we can do for the Health Care System in our country is do what we need to do in our lives to ensure we can control Community Spread. The more people are infected the more high risk people are going to get infected the more of them wind up in the hospital, the more stress you put on those systems. Do you have a view on how families specifically can be helped here Going Forward . I mean, one of the things you focused on the entire time youve been in the senate is really profamily policies, policies that help to ensure that people can raise their kids. And theres a lot of challenges now around not schools not being open, daycare facilities not being open. How do we help families during this time . Are there other things we should be looking at . I want to go back to the ppp but just the employment question. I truly believe that one of the cornerstones that makes life worth living is dignified work. Again, im not a sociologist, but i believe this anecdotely, first because im a human and im around humans my whole life that one of the things i believe were created to do is work, that something happens when you dont have somewhere to go every day and be productive. Youre doing something, being rewarded for doing it, but it makes you feel like you matter. That opens the door for you then to be a father, a mother, a husband, a wife, a member of a community. And when you take that away, everything begins to crumble, communities fall apart, families fall apart. All of it becomes very difficult. So, thats why i believe so deeply in paycheck protection because the more people we can keep attached to a job, youre helping a family when youre doing that because the uncertainty that comes i think about my own parents. My dad was a they would have been out of a job. With no sort of certainty about when thefrp going to get back to work. And i know the weight that would have placed on their shoulders and what it would have meant for our family. I do think thats a profamily policy. We talk about going back to schools. Like anything in life we have to weigh costs and benefits. And there are certainly extraordinary costs to not opening up schools. The learning games that you cant make up, the fact that million of american children, their base nutrition five days a week is breakfast and lunch at the school, things that e dont think about. Subsubstantial number of child abuse are identified in the school setting. Even team sports. Fall football, High School Football which im a big fan of and participant in. For thousands of young men, the only family unit that they have. For many of these young men, the only positive male role model in their life is their coaches and its the thing that keeps them attached to school. Its the thing that keeps them on track to graduate and go to college not even on a football scholarship, just to graduate. These things matter. There are risks associated health carewise. We have to minimalize them. One of the best things we can do is get schools open in different times and places in a way that lowers the risk and allows us to gain the advantages and benefits. I live in south florida. I dont have the expectation schools are going to start august 27th. I think we can go another year without starting schools, thats not feasible. Thats deeply damaging. What do you are tell a mom who has a 9yearold who has to be at work and has nowhere to take them and is probably going to leave them in a much riskier setting than a school would be. I think those are two strong profamily policies. Getting the economy to create these dignified jobs and finding a way to get kids back to school in a setting that allows them to continue to grow intellectually is the two most important things we can do for families right now. The School Reopening question other is a big one right now. A lot of parents and people around the country are struggling with it. From matthew, what do you think the balance is between the federal governments role here and state governments, county governments, local school districts. Where does the balance fall in terms of these educational decisions this year . Well, i think the bulk of the decision has to be made at the local level because every community in a different place. Your Community Spread is up to a certain level. Then its inevitable its going to find its way into the school. People are going to go back to homes where people have it and its going to spread. Its a key part of one that can reopen. Where i think the federal government can be helping is were going to get to that point where we can do that in a lot of places. None of these schools were built to deal with Something Like this. So, its important that the resources be able to schools to deal as safely as possible. And i dont want to see money spent on things that people are pitching these thermal i apologize if youre in this business but these thermal cameras that tell you temperatures. That might make sense in school where 99 of the schools are going to be asymptomatic. You would benefit from voluntary pool testing where you can do a lot of tests over a population thats going to be largely asymptomatic. You can test a lot of people with lot of tests. You know, if we were to somehow innovate in this country the ability to do at home testing that was affordable and widely available if we had at home testing in the United States right now the technology is not impossible. Its just a question of making it available at a price point thats affordable. Just think about how much different this would be if every day someone could take a test, what it would mean for everybody. Im not saying thats what im focused on, but these are the kinds of things we need to be thinking about. Many of our School Buildings are old buildings. We have to be creative. We have to Leverage Technology to get schools open again. The federal government has to assist in that effort. But the decision should be at that local level because they know what their Community Conditions are like and not all districts are the same. Do you worry at all about we talked about this a little bit earlier. But were doing all of this economic support because were in the middle of a crisis we have to. There are deficit implications here. And there are implications in terms of whats happening Going Forward. Whats the right time to deal with those questions . And i mean, do you kind of see there to be a pathway at some point for the congress and the administration, whatever that might be, to deal with the deficit challenges were facing now . Yeah, i think every country in the world has entered into deficit spending at this moment to deal with this pandemic. No nation has budgeted for 50 of their economy to be shut down and billions of dollars to be spent on dealing with it. So, every country there isnt a nation on earth that isnt feeling both the short and long term implications for their government on that. That will all have to be dealt with. My bigger concern is if you dont address it, then you suffer structural economic damage, then it will take you a decade or more to dig out of it. And its going to get even harder to generate the growth to get out of debt. Its not like doing nothing is going to allow us to avoid spending. Ill go back to ppe as an example. We have a choice. We can spend some money to keep people attached to employment, or were going to have to spend the money on employment benefits. So, were going to have to do one or the other because eventually it starts to trickle through. So, i mean i hate to use the analogy of war but in a time of conflict, national emergency, this nation has always had a deficit. In the civil war it had to do it, world war ii, we had to do it, i imagine world war i as well. You dont want to do it but you dont have a choice. If you lose the war, it wont be your debt to worry about. Im not talking about recklessness. Im not saying here spend on unrelated matters, and im in no way diminishing the impact the debt is going to mean in the long term. But its driven by mandatory spending programs not Discretionary Spending and in the end, the solution to the debt after the pandemic is the same as it was before the pandemic. And that is were going to have to have the reckoning of the political will in this country to mandatory spending programs and determine what it is that were going to do with these programs to bring them to a more sustainable path. Our time together has come to a close. Let me just leave with one final question for you which is in the time ive known you, youre a guy who articulates a hopeful vision for where our countrys headed and what we want to do. Whats something that gives you hope in the midst of this pandemic, in the midst of this great challenge we face with china . What are some things or one thing that gives you hope as we look ahead . Yeah, so long term i wouldnt change places with any nation on earth. We dont like the way things are going here now. Were worried about these problems. So, who do i wish we were instead . I dont want chinas future which i think has its own set of challenges. I dont want the futures of most many of the developed countries, places like europe. Theres no other country i would trade places with. I think what gives me the hope is that our nation has done it before, that we have worked through the moments like this. Frankly, i know times now appear really bad over divisions in our society. I would argue that 1968 is a more divisive year than 2020 is despite what youre seeing on televisi television on a daily basis. I know this pandemic is very serious. We fought a world war that disrupted daily life in this country and came out victorious. I think this country and our people have what it takes to do those things. I think this is a nation that constantly reinvents itself because we are a vibrant nation. We are the descendants of go getters. Every person in america can track their lyineage to someone who came here from somewhere else because they refused to accept what was placed on them or brought here as slaves and overcame horrifying discrimination. Thats who we are. Were go getters. And thats still, you know, thats who we descend from as a people. And i think that plays out time and again. Its going to be messy. Its going to be loud. Its going to be chaotic. At times its going to appear hopeless. Thats how we work through our troubles and i believe we will again. We dont spend enough time catching people doing the right thing. There are a lot of people on a daily basis doing the right thing. There are millions of people every day keeping an eye on their elderly neighbor who lives alone, making masks at home to donate to volunteers, sending food to the local hospital to feed doctors and nurses because theyre working hard. These things are happening every single day and somewhere in america right now there are thousands of people who are looking at all these things that are happening and from it learning lessons during the pandemic and creating opportunities to reinvent the way we do business and the way we work. Thats going to create a whole host of opportunities we havent envisioned yet. Were a country that encourages that sort of at duty. Its just going to be a rough ride because it is. Were a rock and roll kind of place. Were not a calm place, but we get there. Well, thank you senator rubio for that hopeful note. Thank you for taking time. I know things are super busy for you. Appreciate you taking this time to have this conversation on issues americans are thinking about. Just want to remind people our next capital conversation is a week from today july 29th at 1 30 p. M. Pacific with senator tom cotton and senior fellow victor davis hanson. Theyll be discussing american challenges abroad in a time of plague, protest, and panic at home. You can learn at hoover. Org capitalconversations. Thank you again to senator rubio and hope youll tune in next time. Have a great day. Later today, President Trump holds a News Conference with reporters at the white house. You can see that News Conference live here on cspan3. The president s from public affairs, available now in paperback and ebook. Presents biographies of every president , organized by their ranking, by noted historian from best to worst and features perspectives into the lives of our nations chief executives and leadership styles. Visit our website cspan. Org thepresident s. Order your copy today wherever books and ebooks are sold. Dan cox is a Research Fellow with the American Enterprise institute and joins us now to