Up next, an oral history with u. S. Army veteran baldwin myers, recorded in 2015 by the korean war legacy foundation. He talked about his time in korea and how the experience shaped his life after the war. He was eventually diagnosed with ptsd. The interview project was underwritten by south koreas ministry of patriots and veterans affairs. Baldwin i am baldwin frank myers. My first name is spelled b as in boy, aldwin. In the army i was known by my buddies as baldy. [laughter] but when when i reported back to them years later, 30 years later, that this is frank myers and i wanted to talk to them, they didnt know who i was because they only knew me as baldy. But we when we got that cleared up, then Everything Else flowed. Interviewer and could you spell your last name . Baldwin myers. Interviewer what is your birthday . Baldwin may 29, 1931. Interviewer where were you born . Baldwin in owyhee county, idaho. That is spelled that is the indian name owyhee county, idaho. Thats near Jordan Valley on the oregonidaho line. Owyhee. Yes. Interviewer that is the indian name. Baldwin that is indian. I dont know what it means. Probably beautiful country. Interviewer tell me about your family when you were growing up. Baldwin well, i grew up on a cattle ranch about five miles south of Jordan Valley, and my mother was born in east europe. She was austrian, and my father was an old cowboy whose ancestry goes back to the neptune in 1622. That arrived in charleston south carolina, and his descendants served in the revolutionary war. I mean ancestors served in the revolutionary war and were original founders of tennessee, the city of newport. Then came to missouri, and then in 1841 migrated to california. 12old man of 62 brought his grandchildren out to california. Interviewer what about your siblings . Baldwin my siblings i have one in reno who runs a computer start, he store, he owns it. I have another that is in San Francisco. He manages an apartment for seniors. I have a daughter and another son that i dont keep much track of. I dont know where they are. Interviewer what school did you go through . The firsttended and second grade, i walked 3. 5 miles to a Little School with my older brother who is 18 months older than i through very cold weather sometimes and snow, and that was called the South Mountain school. Of oregonhe border and idaho called the South Mountain school. Divorced and i stayed with my father. Grantsd in the area near he bought an, and place called the grays creek ranch. We stayed there for three or four years and then moved to ashland, oregon. He married again. I did not like the person he atd, so at 13 i ran 13, i moved out. I ran away from home. I left. [laughter] i meten i got to burns, my father there too after a while. He was visiting his brother. I made an arrangement with my uncle that i would move to a boarding school there and he could sign my report cards and i would work on his ranch during the summer. Interviewer so you worked with your uncle. When did you graduate high school . Baldwin 1949. Interviewer what is the name of the high school . Baldwin crane. Crane. 0 miles southeast of burns that is a boarding school in oregon. Interviewer did you learn anything about korea . Baldwin i did not know where korea was at the time, but i was interested in geography and history and migrations and origins of people. I wasnt knowledgeable at that time. Interviewer what did you do after the graduation . Baldwin from high school, i worked on the ranch in the summer. That fall, i was persuaded by some of my friends and an Army Recruiter to join the army. Interviewer when did you join the army . Baldwin september 22, 1949. Interviewer and where did you get basic . Ord, california. At boise, idaho, then was put in charge of the 200 recruits approximately to go on fort ord. Interviewer what was your specialty . Baldwin that is a long story. I went to the army to operate heavy equipment so i would have a job when i went out, like bulldozers and heavy equipment. There joined the army, are a lot of new people that had difficulty adjusting. The new recruits were coming in. On one occasion, two companies, ours and another one were going to fight for some reason. There were hawaiians that wanted to attack our hawaiians or something, a gang fight. I said we are not going to do that, so i walked personally between the two companies, persuading them not to fight. If we fight, we will both be restricted the rest of the time we are here. So go back to your barracks, no fighting. If you feel you have to beat somebody up, walk to the end of the straight and i will come down and street and i will come down and take you on one at a time. A few showed up. Other guys came out and said we will not see you get beat up. Nobody wanted to fight anybody, so that was over. The next day, i was called into the orderly room by captain smith and the Master Sergeant and asked me what the hell i was doing out in the Company Street last night. I said i was trying to stop a riot. He said you are trying to get yourself killed. The captain said, what are your plans in the army . I said i wanted to learn a trade so i can get a good job when i get out. He said, well, we want you to go to Leadership School. Blackballt, i will you the rest of the time you are in the army. [laughter] so i said, let me talk to my friends. We decided i better go to Leadership School, which i did. Men that happened, that gave an mos as riflemen. Rifleman. Interviewer so where was the Leadership School . 813. N fort ord, class interviewer when did you leave for korea . Baldwin that is, their little short story. Is another little short story. I was pending departure to korea. I was visiting my mother, who was living in San Francisco at the time. I got to the camp late one night, 12 30, 1 00. I had just gotten in bed and some person who was going through the barracks stealing wallets. I saw him. Thilled, i said there is a ef in here, and the person started to run out the door. I tackled him and held him on the street until others came and helped arrest him. So i had to stay then past my ship out date as a witness for his arrest and incarceration for stealing. The end of may, sometime, or the first of june im not sure the date i was boarded on transport. Interviewer when . 1949 . Baldwin sometime around the middle of may. And sailedon oakland out to the bay, headed for okinawa. That was an uncomfortable trip likee, because i didnt bobbing around like a cork in the ocean. It was pretty rough. We arrived there at i think it was the 12th of june. Interviewer in okinawa . Baldwin okinawa, yes. It was a little hard to get used to the mosquitoes and the heat. After a while, i was out in the young man. Ng with a it was a sunday. The bell rang and everyone was summoned in to attend the meeting. It was announced over the loudspeaker that a war had begun in korea and we were going into immediate exercise in the field, whateverbat training else we had to do. Unitviewer what was your at the time . Baldwin i was with the 29th infantry regiment. Interviewer 29th . Baldwin yes. At one time was training in s2 with a person named james and a couple others. A bright, capable person by the way who was very helpful in helping people reading maps and interrogating prisoners. So we had these problems and training cycles we were going through in okinawa. Interviewer do you want water . Baldwin no thank you. Not right now, but pretty soon. Soon after our Company Commander told us to write home. We were going to be shipping out. Class ad clothes to a uniform to write home. My commander caught me not in my combat training uniform, so he restricted me to the camp and made me stay out of the s2, which probably saved my life, or saved me from capture. [laughter] interviewer to the audience, what does it mean by s2 . Baldwin intelligence. You are leading the point in combat. You are out scouting and patrolling and seeing what is ahead of you. Interviewer very dangerous mission. Baldwin yes, it was. Some and my buddy tony and others, they went ahead with that. I ran into jim and tony later on in combat. That is a different story, a sad one in a way, because they got captured. They saved my life when i went to rescue a medic on a hill in combat. Interviewer so you knew you were going to go to cook to go to korea, right . Baldwin no. At first we were told we were going to japan to relieve the division that was going to be sent to korea. They told us then we were going to korea. Interviewer so were you scared . Baldwin no. Interviewer you are not . Were not . Baldwin no. Interviewer you were going to war. Baldwin for some reason, i never had a lot of fear in life. Interviewer when did you arrive in korea, and where . Baldwin we arrived at the 22nd of july, as near as i can tell. On the route over, we encountered an enemy submarine. We heard depth charges going off. People on the boat panicked. The only way i can explain it it was just about getting sunset, and we heard this boom, boom, boom, look the front of the ship was hitting rocks. Everyone thought the ship was sinking. I said they are just dropping depth charges. Everyone went to the other side, and sure enough there was a canadian corvette dropping depth charges. They are flashing a red light at us. Out. Re told we had to move parts of what seemed to be a submarine moved up out of the water, then dropped back down. I was told later that was a submarine. They sunk a submarine, probably russian. Interviewer so when you arrived, how was the situation . How was it . Baldwin my First Impression when i landed, we were marching at this steep incline on dirt streets and older buildings. There were many people laying in the streets, all dressed in white clothes. A lot of young people. They were applauding us. I just thought it was kind of strange. I couldnt communicate with them, which is not like me not to communicate with somebody. [laughter] so we marched to the top of the hill where there was a schoolhouse. We took showers and changed our clothes. That night we boarded the train, or trucks i forget. Place. To a some of us probably went in trucks and some went in train, that is why i am confused. I enjoyed a good nap. Interviewer so maybe it was train. Baldwin probably was. Gotwin we disembarked and to a schoolhouse. When we were there, as we were approaching, we saw many wounded people. I believe it was the 19th regiment of the 24th division. ,ome were pretty bloodied up shot up, wounded. They looked pretty scared. I said, dont worry, we are going to win the war for you. I had no idea at the time what that was going to lead to. After getting ourselves organized, we went on a couple of patrols, one i specifically remember. I was issued a sniper rifle. Thank you. Sole survivor where i can reach out long distances. We were taken out to a place southwest by truck. We passed a sharp bend in the road and we saw at least one of our vehicles in the canyon had been wrecked. It was alleged that it had been ambushed by guerrillas. We were going to go out and find or do something about the guerrillas. I took a position high up on the hill to observe what was going on. I saw an unusual number of people dressed in white clothes, which i thought were farmers, moving through the rice patties below and paddies below and around. Our guys were splashing around and notreek, swimming paying attention. Pretty soon we were told to board up the trucks and get back. We left there. I was a little concerned about the migration of white clothes coming in around our area. I did not know what was going on for sure. We got back, and later that night, which maybe would have been the 20 i dont know what date but we boarded up the headed out ford haedong. I did not know the name of the town. Haedong. T to we were disembarked there after riding the trucks 25 miles. There was road problems and so forth. We slept over the night. A the early morning, we had patrol out. Jim and tony and others who were in that patrol. When they came back, they woke everybody up. Speech. Ander gave us a we are gathering up. Our objective is to occupy this town that was currently occupied by 300 guerrillas armed with pitchforks and knives. I dont know whether it was before or after that we ran into several truckloads of pretty badly shot up south korean militia. I understood that there had been a problem up ahead, but i did not know what kind of a problem. Versant in the language and i wasnt briefed, being a private, so we continued on. We started marching from that point on. In truckswerent anymore. Extending columns probably a mile to two miles. I was in reserve company. We were bringing up the rear. Lieutenant was in charge. After 8 00,tle bit a quarter until 9 00. We had a couple miles east from jinju on a winding road and all of a sudden i could hear fire, exploding shells and machine gun fire and rifle fire and so forth, so we knew there was some kind of contact ahead and we didnt know what to expect. 30 minutes later, we are coming hill. Indyt up a windy half mile ahead going down into haedong. Went across the north hill, which the North Koreans were entrenched on and ready for us. Up the road further, another 300 or 400 yards through a pass that led to jinju. I saw three burning vehicles. Two more three, or 500 yards down the road toward our direction. I got distracted for a moment. It turned out to be an orange colored jeep. Team. Our air to ground as we were continuing down the hill, we received mortar fire on come ll that we had just the back of. Of salvosd a couple of mortar rounds. They wounded two squad members in my unit. Badly woundedty and or screaming. I and were screaming. I ran down to help and do what i could. Ones got down, i saw entrails were blown out and another had a stomach and chest wound. They were screaming loudly and i didnt know what to do and my Company Commander told me to let the medics handle it. It is hard to not be able to help somebody, but i could see if i moved them, i would hurt them more. I went back to my position. The medics picked them up and put them in stretchers and loaded them. And that was around august . Baldwin this was july 27th. Im glad you asked. About 8 45started at in the morning, Something Like that. Interviewer you still belonged to 27th infantry . Baldwin at that time, i was in the 29th infantry. This kind of blowbyblow account as i recall it. When we left jinju, it took us a day to get to where we were in haedong. We spent at least one night on the road. So on the 26th, we camped out. On the 27th, we took haedong. Interviewer you have such a vivid memory. Baldwin i sleep with it every night and wake up with it every morning. I used the wake up about 2 30 in the morning, the same old thing, carrying grenades and rifles going up a hill, the same hill, trying to rescue a medic, all these koreans shooting at me and me shooting at them, tony shooting at them too. I would wake up and try to figure out. Interviewer do you have ptsd . Baldwin yeah, a very bad case of it and i didnt know it. Here is a different story. When i came back, i did not know what i wanted to do. I would walk the streets of japan so tired that i dropped, just looking for someone that shared my experience with me. I dont know why i did that. When i came back home, i thought i wanted to stop wars, do something different. I took a bunch of tests through the veterans administration. Their comment was to me, you must have had a terrible childhood. I said why . They said you are angry, you have very low selfesteem, you are very aggressive, you are suicidal, you are all this and that, like you are a timebomb ready to go off. I said, no, i had a very happy childhood, why would you think that . I had all the open space i wanted to roam around. I had brothers and sisters, good parents. No, i was happy. I said the only thing that happened that was really upsetting in my life was going to war in korea and seeing all my friends killed. I feel real guilty about it. I feel i could have or should have done something more. When i tried to go back and taken out and had to go back. They restrained me and i felt guilty about it. Another time, when i held a guy until he died, when he was dying, he said tell mom and dad i will be all right, that i love them. He died, and i didnt know who he was. Interviewer where did you go from jinju . Baldwin from jinju from haedong to jinju. We chased off that hill and back through jinju. After jinju fell is when i left. Interviewer from jinju, where did you go . Baldwin i got on a train. I was helping wounded out of the schoolhouse onto the train. The train left jinju. Is last thing i remember fighting for my rifle. It might have been a nurse or somebody. Remember, i heard a loud bang, strange noise loud, strange noise. Hole in the wall and everything was white. I looked out the window and i saw this beautiful green grass and the hill. I said, where am i, heaven . Where is mom and dad . They said no, you are on a ship going to japan. Interviewer so you were on the hospital ship. Baldwin yes. Interviewer were you wounded . Baldwin i was wounded. My eye, i could not see out of it. I had a black spots moving around. My right hand was right leg was badly sprained. I couldnt walk on it. Aboutason i am talking it, we were put on this position. I had my sniper rifle. I saw movement. There were koreans unloading, some of them with our captured equipment, to prepare an attack on us. Somebody came out to get me. I said you tell them to send an airstrike out to this area, and hurry up because there are thousands of koreans and a lot of equipment. An hour and a half later, 14 corsairs flew in from the south or southwest and attacked that area. Then a lone mustang flew over me. I thought he was going to fire on me. I was motioning, go over there. He went down where the corsairs were. I spent about two weeks in the hospital there. Interviewer did you get any medals . Baldwin no, are you kidding . The person that told me i was getting a medal was that wounded corporal. He said i am putting you in for a medal or something. When some colonel woke me up, i hadnt had any sleep in days, how did you get hurt . I said i was bringing a messenger back. Korean. t find the he was drawing maps of our position. He had red money on him. I was taking him down to the cp to be debriefed. I sprained my ankle. Messenger, in my opinion. He was being a career. They put i was a company runner. Interviewer so you went to camp drake. Baldwin yes. Then i spent two or three weeks there processing troops. Then they wanted me in the headquarters of japan logistical command. They reassigned me to the headquarters. I couldnt get paid, so i would use ration cards to get cigarettes. Interviewer what do you mean you were not paid . Baldwin i couldnt figure out where my records were. The military wasnt paying me. I did not know what to say. Interviewer how did it happen . You are still in the u. S. Army, right . Baldwin yes, right. Here is the rest of the story. I got a security clearance from back home. I could work in a secret cage and handle secret documents, but i did not know i was reported missing in action. I read the casualty reports and i saw my name on the list. Interviewer when did you meet that . Baldwin october, 1950. I looked up the codename for gravy. I said, hey, this is why i am not getting paid. He said, oh, you are missing in action. [laughter] we had a laugh about it. One of myfter that, platoon leaders came in the headquarters. He was a career then. We kept looking at each other and he finally says you are the guy that pulled me out of the dy. E pad he was a fifth lieutenant. He remembered that. We went around to all the colonels and he introduced me as a big hero or something. He was really nice and we became friends. We hooked up after the war. I was so glad to see him alive. Interviewer so when did you leave japan . T there about the first part of december, 1950. Interviewer and you came back to states . Baldwin San Francisco. I was discharged on the 22nd of december, 1952. 22nd . Iewer december,eah, 22nd of 1952. And i dont remember i think it was camp stoneman. Interviewer wow, this is the kind of scenario we can make a movie out of, huh . No,win im telling you let me tell you a little bit. The people i ran into that i thought were killed. I ran into dawson, who helped carry that guy up the hill. I ran into jim after years. Talking to him on the phone by calling him up. I read a story he was involved in. I asked him if he knew baldwin myers. I said, what happened to him . He said the damned fool got himself killed. Y, ian across the rice padd told him to take cover, we were pulling back. He saw his people getting killed, so he said i am going to get the sons of bitches. He ran screaming off throwing grenades. I saw him go down at the top of the hill. I said, well how would you like to talk to him . He said, what . You couldnt be, baldy . I said yeah. I said you saw me go down so i wouldnt get hit. And cried for about a halfhour. We decided to get together. He told me where my Company Commander was and how he got out. We got together again. By then, i was so concerned about the survival of the others, i let my business go to hell, i let my family go to hell, just a focus on what happened over there. That is when i learned i had a real problem with ptsd and it was obsessing me. Wasnt want to say i horribly distracted. I could not hold a job when i got out. I thought the only thing i could school anded law didnt like it. I wanted to build something. I made a list of 10 things i should do. I narrowed it down to one, build new homes. I went out and started a construction company. I was successful at it, fortunately. I really enjoyed doing the work. I was fortunate enough to get two japanese carpenters that i could trust implicitly. They did and excellent job at training me. So i became successful in the construction and real estate business. Didnt really pay much attention to my state of mind or when really felt except the vietnam war awakened old memories and running into the veterans i had served with. It kind of caused me to fall apart. I felt obsessed to reunite the people. So i started a korean war america, the first one in the country in california in 1984. I didnt have enough assets and and things to carry it through. A general approached me with financial support, but i didnt want to take it. I wanted to do it on my own. Some other people took it on and started it in washington. They called it the korean war veterans. Colonel lewis millet, the chairman of the medal of Honor Society and jim yeager were also directors on it. Interviewer what did you form, Korean Service veterans . Baldwin Korean Service veterans of america. Interviewer meaning the u. S. Forces stationed in korea after the war . Baldwin no, what i was trying to do it was a United Nations adventure, so i wanted to start it for america and incorporate all the others who served so we could have international reunions with all the people that served. Interviewer why did you name it as korean war Service Veterans . There was a veterans association, right . Baldwin that was afterward. We performed service nobody wanted service. Nobody wanted to call it a war. I got criticized because i said war veterans. They said no, call it Korean Service veterans. Politicians speaking. I let it go with that. What i wanted to do was have the greeks and the turks and new zealanders and australians and everybody else join us. Interviewer that is what my foundation is doing, inviting youth, descendents of the korean veterans from 21 countries. Baldwin good. That is what i was trying to do. Good. I am really glad youre doing that. Thank you so much. That means a lot. I used to talk to greeks and turks. When they pulled their bayonets out, they always drew blood. They said they dont put it in the scabbard without blood. Interviewer you saw them doing that . In yokohama . Baldwin yeah. Interviewer in the hospital . Baldwin no. I was out in the street. I would go to the library and see them on the street. I would say, can i see your knife . Why would whip it out would you do that . Interviewer so turkish soldiers were in yokohama . Baldwin yes. Greeks. I saw a lot of different nationalities. Interviewer they were backing japan because they were wounded . Baldwin i dont know. Maybe r r. We were all together. Interviewer i see. Baldwin there was a strong sense of unity and purpose. I really respected the greeks and turks for how the North Koreans didnt want to fight with them. Interviewer when did you learn you had ptsd . Baldwin two colonels told me i had a very bad case of it. I think jim yeager told me. Another was adam, a colonel. He was in special forces in vietnam. Vasaid i need to go to the and get help. I said they dont do anything, dont. Interviewer when did you learn that . Iin i learned that think it was about 1996. My life was collapsing. Divorce, bankruptcy. I just couldnt think. I was angry, very angry. Interviewer have you been back to korea . When did you go . Time was that about 2001 . Interviewer what did you find . You have been to jinju, haedong . Baldwin absolutely. I would wear the little badge. They would drag me in the house, give me tea and biscuits. They were so nice. I felt like a king in korea. They were always saying thank you. When i went to haedong, i stayed in the hotel and talked to the people. The mayor wanted me to have dinner with him, but i didnt know. I did not want to do that. I just wanted to go back to the old battle site and see. When i was there, i got a taxi ride from this person who told me about when he was 13 years old, he picked up a couple americans and took them to his village and showed them how to get out. Interviewer where were you . Up to seoul. Nt if i took a train or a cab or hired somebody to drive me down to haedong. Interviewer so when you saw haedong, how did you feel . Baldwin i felt very keenly sensitive, like there were spirits all over the place. I missed the firing. It was very strange. Errie eerie. After a while, i started remembering specific things. Sad. Interviewer so you never belonged to 24th division . Baldwin i did not know where i was, to be honest with you. I didnt even know that the town we were in was haedong. I did not know it was jinju. I found out later. I didnt know. You were not in 24th division . Baldwin we were attached to the 24th division. Attached to the 24th division through the 19th regiment. Was the last Commanding Officer that i knew about, but i couldnt pronounce his name. I could describe him. Even though it was a little bit rainy and shells bursting and everything, he was a chubby polack. Interviewer you did not know anything about korea, and the were haedong and jinju completely destroyed. Baldwin just about. I didnt go into downtown haedong when i left. Since i have been back there, i looked at the area that had been bombed. Jim showed me where the church in when it was bombed. Interviewer what is korea to you now . Baldwin very close friend. I have warm feelings to the Korean People. They are good people. I am proud that i was able to serve and help them. I am very proud. I gave a speech at Caesars Palace when they had people there. That came out. I said one of the proudest things i had ever done was to serve in korea. Look what they have done with freedom. They are our strongest ally over there. They helped us in vietnam. That is how i feel. Yous fromar thank the Korean People. I saved a lot of newspaper clippings, but it is in korean. I dont read korean. [laughter] anyway, i have good feelings about it. I really enjoy going back to visit. Interviewer almost a week story from july 22 to early august. Very short time period. And you did all this battle there, even in charge of 125 people there. An amazing story. There is a story that i feel obligated to tell. When i was wounded, i was going down to the cp and i was taking a socalled prisoner. I pushed him off the bank. He probably survived. I went down to the dispensary. They put me in the dispensary and left me there. The dispensary that night was overrun by North Koreans. I could not find my weapon. Somebody left a carving that had two 30 round clips. The koreans were running through the courtyards, explosions going off. This was just before jinju fell. This is a couple miles north of jinju in this place by a river. I can remember a rock outcropping. I know exactly where that is. I had to fight my way out of there. They were running through the courtyard. I had a very painful ankle. I fell. I got hit in the road. Voices hear american down the road. And raned down the road into americans and went to a school house and helped get the wounded out. I think jinju fell the next day or so. Interviewer what is the legacy of the korean war and korean war veterans to you . Baldwin the legacy is i hope korea and the Korean People can be united and not hate each other. What really got me was being over there when they had bringing families together. That made me cry to see it. I just wanted to see them together. I dont think any country or culture should be torn apart. They should be together. Me, to what it means to see them back together again. It is like a big family. The same way with germany. I am glad to see they are again together. I think we have to stop wars. We have to stop this hate and religious fratricide and all that. I think we should have peace in the middle east and palestine. If these rich people would give something to those poor palestinians, give them a homeland, i think all this warfare could stop. Interviewer what would you do if i arrange a meeting with the north korean soldier fighting against you at the time . Baldwin i would probably tell him i have met one already, i will give you his name. He has written a book and we are good friends. A north korean. What was his name . He has written a book about it. He surrendered at pyongyang and didnt know how to surrender. He worked for the American Government afterward for a while. He was a medical student, i believe, when he was captured. I would hope that we can see korea reunited. Absolutely. How i got over my ptsd i was so preoccupied with pows, i had a dream about it. I had a dream i was going to meet a north korean officer outside the palace in a certain position and he was going to show me where the pows were. I went through all kinds of hell to get to him. He took me on the back of a mountain where there was a rim rock and trees and gravestones. Them. D, they are, 27 of since that time, i havent had any nightmares about them being left anymore. It was called in Mortal Kombat is the name of the book combat is the name of the book. That was made when i was 19. [laughter] i had been looking for that medic for 45 years. The person that wrote this book, he was a medic. To jack cotton. He was the medic that picked up those two people off the road. This is what he says here. Larry is the person that knows who that wounded guy was i held until he died. I met him on the trail, but i did not remember. Was left alone on the side of the hill, caring for wounded and dying soldiers by himself. Myers told him it was time to get out. Jack treated the wounded until the very last. Jack was able to make it back to american lines after several days. During the battle, frank myers took command of a group of survivors and did a commendable job. Hadlike several others, completed an advanced infantry course, and on this occasion, as in every battle, there are many who should have been decorated for their bravery, but it didnt happen. Thealks about jim yeager, guy that was helping me. Interviewer you were there in haedong, jinju, for a week. That was a critical battle. If you didnt resist there, we might have been really pushed out back to the ocean. You really appreciate that are sharing this story with me and my foundation. We are going to remember what you did for the Korean People. Now korea is the 13th largest economy in the world. We are the most substantive democracy in asia. Ndai, lg,samsung, hyu we were not able to do it if you didnt fight for us. I want to thank you. I would like to follow up with you about what you did. I think we need to recognize you somehow. That is why i want to get some record for you and i want to talk to my government about it. Baldwin all the thanks i have gotten from the people and when i see them in las vegas that is enough. I dont need anything else. I really appreciate it. My heart goes out to the Korean People. I would love to see them reunite and their families together. I personally want you to know that what is her name . She was from north korea. Baldwin beautiful people. She was 13 and came on a boat. Interviewer i want to thank you for this wonderful opportunity. We will correspond each other after this. Baldwin thank you. I appreciate that. That oral history interview was provided to cspan by the korean war legacy foundation. For more information about their archives on hundreds of interviews with war veterans, video clips and photos, visit their website at koreanwarlegacy. Org. This is American History tv, exploring our nations past on cspan3. This is the 70th anniversary of the start of the korean war. If you like American History tv, keep up with us during the week on facebook, twitter, and youtube. Learn about what happened this day in history and see preview clips of upcoming programs. Follow us cspanhistory. This is American History tv on cspan3. Where each weekend we feature 48 hours of programs exploring our nations past. [ambient street noise] history,on lectures in American History professor Quintard Taylor looks at the Civilrights Movement from the 1940s into the 1960s. He focuses on the 1954 u. S. Supreme Court Decision on the brown versus board of education. The 1957 integration of Central High School in little rock, arkansas, and the sitting at the woolworths lunch counter in north calendar. On reel america, the first part 1963 nbcptember 2, news broadcast on the status of the Civil Rights Movement. P. M. Eastern, an oral history with a u. S. Veteran recorded in 2019 by the korean war legacy foundation. Prof. Taylor folks, welcome to this class in africanAmerican History. We are going to discuss, or we are going to begin our discussion of the Civil Rights Movement tonight. For those of you, those of you in this room know who i am, but for others, im Quintard Taylor and im a professor of history, American History at the university of washington. Okay, well get started. Last time last week we talked about world war ii and one of the things that i tried to