Break watergate break in. We will talk about the 1968 president ial election. The Democratic National convention. Lets start with chicago. This last summer was the 50th anniversary of the Democratic National convention in chicago. I do not know if any of you saw any of the specials. We have some footage that is pretty shocking for people to see nowadays. Before 1972, there were very few primaries. Most of the delegates to both conventions were elected through back channels and small party conventions. Back when meetings across various politicians. In 1968 73 of democratic delegates to the convention had been elected this way so less than 25 were elected in a way that we normally do it now. President Lyndon Johnson had taken himself out of the race. He was not up for reelection in 1968 which initiated a freeforall in the Democratic Party between a number of candidates. One of which was popular was unfortunately a dead by august 68 who was robert kennedy. He was a unifying candidate for many people in the party. He was assassinated in june of 1968. That is one thing that is lying behind the convention in august of 1968. When people arrive there are the kennedy delegates. Hubert humphrey who was Lyndon Johnsons Vice President was the Party Nominee by august as Vice President. There was another piece candidate, mccarthy who had delicate like kennedy who showed up in august. It was something of a freeforall were delegates are concerned. It is more of a freeforall in many ways as you will see. Because if the vietnam war, because of Bobby Kennedys assassination, there were a lot of people who had come to chicago to demonstrate against the war, against the Democratic Party, to demonstrate against london be johnson and his stand in Hubert Humphrey. There were a lot of people on the streets outside of the convention, at the hilton hotel which is still there. The city made some strategic errors. Mayor dailey had denied anyone a permit to spend the night at the parks or be in the parks after 9 pm. That was something of a problem because there were so many thousands of young people who had come. There were a few groups. There was the National Mobilization committee to end the war. It was called the mobe there is the Youth International party. The mobe wasnt Umbrella Group that was trying to forge consensus among young voters about the war and how to end it. The yip were known for their street theater and various antics. During the new york Stock Exchange, they managed to get in and dropped dollar bills on the floor of the Stock Exchange and watch everyone scramble to get the money which is exactly what they were looking for. While the democrats were wrangling in the convention hall, protesters in the streets started to clash with the police. We have some. Here we go. Peace now is what they are chanting. That is the Chicago Police. They are chanting, the whole world is watching. This is when the Police Charge the crowd and start beating people indiscriminately with their night sticks. Tear gas, hitting people in the head. You can hear the reaction to the tear gas. Police beat reporters to keep them from filming what they were filming. This was shocking to people for a whole bunch of reasons. It was one of the first times that white young people were beat up indiscriminately by the police. Thousands of them. It obviously made the news, the world news, which is why they were chanting the whole world is watching. The whole world was watching and it was a huge embarrassment for the United States. It was also a defining moment for the people who were there. Much later on, the scene of president Barack Obamas election rallies. Lets see what is happening inside the convention. Theres one famous moment of someone looking out on to the Police Beating protesters and saying these are our children. What is happening . Heres what is happening inside of the convention. Then rather. Take your hands off of me. Do not push me. We have a young dan rather. You can see. I do not know what is going on but these are security people around dan. Im being pushed out of the way. Im sorry to be out of breath but someone hit me in the stomach. Georgia delegate was being pulled out of the hall. We tried to talk to him to see why, who he was and with the situation was. Then the security people or you can see put me on the deck. I did not do very well. We have a bunch of thugs here dan. That is exactly what they had. A bunch of thugs posing and secret Service Agents and security people. They were going down the aisles in the convention beating people up. Mostly media. Then there is a huge uproar in the convention and we had to pass on the dialog from mayor dailey who could be colorful with his language. The blame for the riot this is the first time that theres an investigation of all of this and its the first time anything was called a police riot. That is what it was. The blame for the riot can be laid squarely on the shoulders of mayor daily who denied protests to people who intended to peacefully protest the war. He had a take no prisoners mentality. He told the Chicago Police to go in there and take no prisoners. He is the one who ensured that chicago would be the site when all of the world would be see the and bridgeable gaps among americans. Theres a literary gap fly who says we are destroying vietnam. Another reporter said the democrats are finished. Watching police cheap chase hippies down michigan avenue. The twin legacies of the Chicago Convention and Lyndon Johnsons aggressive possibilities in vietnam handicapped Hubert Humphrey. He was in a difficult position. He was the Vice President. It is bad form to criticize a sitting president even if he was a lame duck like Lyndon Johnson. Hubert was quicker to press for peace than johnson had done. The democrats were bad although the economy was booming, there was Government Spending on increasingly expensive war in vietnam. Everything on that part looked okay, the democrats were okay there. But the war is increasingly unpopular. Humphrey finally separated himself from johnsons war policies in september of 1968. He was open to peace talks with vietnam. He wanted the american is a shun of the war in vietnam. He became a plausible piece candidate at that point. He appealed to some of the young people who were here. At the same time the aflcio, labor, finally stepped up. A late help from labor helped Hubert Humphrey but also created the impression that the election was closer than it really was so the republican Richard Nixon winds and winds with 43. 4 of the popular vote. Humphrey had 42. 7 of the popular vote. You are wondering, i know you are because you are quick in your head, where was the remaining 13. 5 of the vote . That vote went to former alabama governor George Wallace ran as an independent. You can tell from the confederate battle flag behind him what his policies might have been. He ran as an independent in 1968 and in 1972. He is important not just because of who he is but the effect his campaign has. His campaign detach is traditionally urban white sectors to people who had voted for the democrats previously. White working class voters in cities. They were attracted to wallace and he did very well in ohio, in michigan and indiana and illinois. He got more than 10 of the white vote in those places. He split the southern vote with humphrey with makes each nixon excuse me. Wallace is a democrat, former democrat, now an independent. He and nixon split the southern vote which was traditionally the democratic vote. They take every state in the south except texas which was Lyndon Johnsons home state. Richard nixon, former Vice President under eisenhower. Earlier a republican congressman from california. He wins the election in 1968 in part by taking away some of waltzes issues so nixon talks about restoring voice to the quite americans. The americans who do not go out in the streets making trouble. The americans whose children are fighting a vietnam. He takes some of that vote from wallace. He has a Vice President who becomes famous, spiral agony who is the former governor of maryland. Sparrow aga new. He says nixons campaign was bringing us to gather after the democratic debacle of the convention nixon was going to bring people together. Here is how spiro agnew defined that. Its time to rip away the rhetoric and divide along authentic lines. When the president said bring us together, he meant the contributing portions of American People. The new president would have his job cut out for him. The same americans who voted overwhelmingly for nixon and catapulted him into the white house gave the democrats both houses of congress. So Richard Nixon in 1968 will be the first president to enter the white house without control of either house or Congress SinceZachary Taylor in 1849. It is unusual for president to not have either house when he begins. That represents in part a real distrust at this point of government. Wanting to have real checks and balances. An extreme version of that distrust that you see other times. Nixons job in 1969 is to sued a country to head splintered into different groups. Why, its African Americans, women, youth old, folks, workers and intellectuals. They were all at odds with each other. The this phrase Middle America was not a freeze in the 1960s, it is a new phrase that comes to describe this portion of america that is where american president ial elections are going to be fought and won on for the next 40 years. This thing, this Middle America was not very firm in the late 1960s. It was more a more than solid ground. It was hard to figure out what was Middle America and not. On wallace well as borders with an increasingly conservative and culturally conservative republican carpeting. This is where Richard Nixon is standing in the middle. If it is managing to get the voters who will vote for both of those things. That becomes very important. In fact, nixons election and 68 is usually regarded as a bellwether for the next president ial elections. The democrats actually win only one of the next six president ial elections between 1968 and 1992. You have a long period of unified republican control of the white house. But the profound shift in american politics, it is the beginning of a profound shift in american politics. Nixon realizes that his future depends on his ability to move those americans who voted for George Wallace in 1968. That is 13. 5 of the voters that nixon needs to have in order to win. He understands that people are spooked by the changes of the 1960s. The changes in race relations, youth behavior, relations between sexes, the hippies, all of these things upset them. Nixon takes on this wallace law and order mantle where he talks vaguely about coming things down. He will be the protector of middle class against the lawless urban class. This is what he is talking about. The people in the cities. They are burning the cities, they are burning america. He had a hard time because he had to lure these wallace voters which included democratic voters in the north. Urban democrats, working class, urban catholics who voted democratic usually. This is the moment where the Republican Party reaches out to what was traditionally a democratic working base. It was a working class voter base of white ethnics that had been part of the new Deal Coalition. The new Deal Coalition of the 19 thirties. We tend to think of working class whites being democrats, they are only democrats for about 30 years and they have been republicans for longer than that by now. Nixon understands that democrats want security. We talked about Social Security in the different programs. People want security. They are defenders of the new deal social safety net. There are not republicans or there are not royalists republicans sorry wallace democrats, old democrats from the democratic coalition, those people want to keep the new deal. They are not interested in republican economics as they are being described in the late 1960s. A syndicated columnist later said, his definition of american conservatives was that americans are conservatives. What they want to preserve is the new deal. An apt description. What do they want in this new deal . While this is independent is not there anymore. Is American Independent Party had called for increases in Social Security, for National Health care and the right to collective bargaining. You see why wallace was appealing to workers. To the working class. It reminds you again how long National Health care has been on the agenda. We talked about it already under fdr. We talked about it again under harry truman. Here it is again with George Wallace. Leading conservative magazines described George Wallace is brand of conservatism and nixons adoption of it as a country western marxism. To romance these workers, nixon embraced key elements of london be Johnsons Great Society vision. Signing a whole bunch of laws that were passed by this democraticcontrolled congress. I will read you the list of laws that Richard Nixon passed. Richard nixon as a republican passed all of these laws with a democraticcontrolled congress. Republicans begin to complain after a while. Heres a list of the things that Richard Nixon passes. He passes a National Environmental policy act which created the epa, the Environmental Protection agency. He passes the clean air act. He passed the Consumer Protection safety act. The federal Water Pollution control act. The Noise Pollution control act. The equal opportunity equal opportunity Employment Opportunities act. The campaign act of 1971. The Employment Security act. The Occupational Safety and health act, osha. Workers in dangerous occupations like coal mining who are exposed to Hazardous Substances were big fans of all of these things. These were very popular things. Republicans held their applause. The republican president said no i Fortune Magazine was putting cuffs on capitalism through corporate regulation. Nixons baffling blend of republicanism and radicalism confused the new york times. It was congenial to the heirs of populism. Our friends the populists, you remember them. Heirs of populism, areas of the new deal, the country western marxists liked this a lot. This cemented that White Working Class electorate into the republican base. These people had never voted republican in their life. They voted for Richard Nixon. What is happening with the economy in the 1970s . We will come back to this when the basic answer is nothing good is happening with the economy. American prosperity, especially working class prosperity, had been considered synonymous with the National Interest since world war ii. If you looked at world war ii in the 19 fifties, there is talk about the American People and all of these things. You remember the shiite bill of rights which was there to kind of help working class americans buy houses and go to school. These things had all been done with the interest of the White Working Class for most in mind. Fdr had said in 1944 that every american had a right to a job, a living wage, a home and an education. These are things that are on the agenda since the new deal and by 1944 you had the expanded new deal. The second bill of rights that roosevelt is talking about. This is a quote from roosevelt in 1944. He says we cannot be content, no matter how high that general standing living maybe, if some fraction of our people is ill fed, ill clothes, ill housed and itll secure. Americans found this position very appealing in 1944. They started 30 years later. It was a bedrock of both parties. There are few people like libertarian very goldwater wanted to tinker with the basic Social Security state but no one else really did or no one else with any power. 1973 a gallup poll said that 91 of americans believed that tax laws should be changed. In order to ease the burden on moderate and lower income and increase those on higher income and corporations. That is 91 of americans who want to see their taxes lowered and taxes on the rich and corporations raised. That is true. A majority of Americans Still believe that it has just not been a part of policy. In 1973, 72 of americans agreed with the statement, the federal government has a responsibility to do away with poverty in this country. Although 69 were skeptical about welfare, 62 were felt that more should be done to help the poor. One thing to bear in mind is that full employment as a goal is part of the basic platform of every political party. That is until the 1970s. They do not achieve it but it is there as a goal. The idea that everyone should have a job. Its there, it is in the platform, it is aspirational. They do not get it but it is there as a value. It is something that disappears later on. But the key to prosperity in this country, this is true when you talk about the right to work, the key to opportunity in this country was always the opportunity to work. To have a job. This is in part because of what has been happening in the 30 years back. If you look back into the new deal when Franklin Roosevelt entered the white house in 1933, 25 of americans could not find a job. A quarter of americans who wanted a job could not find one. Throughout the 1930s, unemployment never dipped below 14 . Where is the unemployment today . 4 . Roughly. That is really very low. In the 19 fifties, unemployment dipped below 4. 6 . By 1969 it was 3. 9 . Very low by 1969. Between 1945 and 1970, americans became richer overall meaning people were doing better. At the same time, the gap between rich and poor contracted. It got smaller. This is known, you will be surprised to hear, as the great contraction. We will talk more about this later on. This is an important thing because now of course if you look at the same statistics for americans, it has been getting wider and wider. This period between 1945 and 1973, it got narrower. Something about vietnam that we have not talked about much yet. Richard nixon was a brilliant statesman. He really was. He was desperate to disentangle the United States from vietnam. He wanted to get america out of that war. It was not at all clear how to do it. In part he wanted to get out of it because he wanted to pursue a very vigorous anti soviet foreign policy. Nixon since he came to washington in 46 was a virulent anti communist witch meet. That does not mean he could not play with him when he wanted to like when he established relations with china. He wanted to get out of vietnam for many reasons. Americans did not want to be there anymore either. He had an ally at his side. It was Henry Kissinger, also a brilliant statesman. He was very effective. If he was the secretary of state you hated him because he was the National Security adviser and did runs around state department whenever he wanted to. It was nixon sorry it was kissinger who articulated the socalled nixon doctrine. Since nixon Everyone Needs a doctrine. Nixon had a doctrine, Nixon Kissinger doctrine. But what it was was effectively a rejection of containment. Remember we talked awhile back about the idea of containment the United States could contain communism everywhere. This is how the United States got involved in all these little wars. Nixon announced that although america would reward its friends with economic aid, even with weapon sales, that it was no longer going to dedicate its own troops to combat communist growth in the world. Mainly in asia and africa and latin america. It would send money, weapons, you might send advisers but that was in vietnam in the first place in the fifties. Maybe not a good idea, but they were not going to send american troops anymore to fight other peoples wars. He had at the same time a three pronged approach to the vietnam war. Nobody wants to end a war dishonourable. Everybody was on board for ending a war honorably. This meant trying to preserve an independent pro United States government in south vietnam. This was very difficult, because the north economic actually winning the war. We see they do the minute the United States takes its troops out of vietnam. The north winds. This is still the goal. The goal is to have a pro United States government in south vietnam. Nixon tries to accomplish this through a series of meetings in paris between Henry Kissinger and the north yet and knees. He also wants to do what he calls a vietnam is a shun of the war, in other words by replacing by pulling american troops out and armed by the americans but in other words trying to get our troops extricate it from vietnam. So. The images become controversial. The idea to expand the air war is to fourth North Vietnam to compromise. To basically, we talked about the way that war that is targeting civilians, becomes acceptable in world war ii. This is basically what is happening now in vietnam and they say usually there is a military base or something, a military target of some sort, but in truth, what theyre doing is they are targeting civilians and killing a lot of them. These tactics do not work. The North Vietnam does not actually end the war. Does not particularly demoralize the North Vietnamese. As this happened, as the bombing expanded, you get a massive Anti War Movement in the United States. 750,000 people participated in the november moratorium in 1962 in washington d. C. , which is still the largest anti war demonstration in the american history, at all still, maybe not, maybe some of last years demonstrations were bigger. But it is the largest anti war demonstration in american history. Nothing like it had been seen in 1972. People werent populating the closest thing wouldve been Martin Luther king was in washington. That is about 100,000 people simply on them all. This is three quarters of 1 million American People coming to washington. The Anti War Movement at this point also split. It turned violent. So between the fall of 1969 and the spring of 1970, not many months, maybe six months, there were at least 250 bombings and they were directed at our tc buildings, College Campuses, draft boards, draft centers, federal offices and headquarters of certain corporations that were considered to be particularly involved in the war. 250 bombings and six months is a lot of bombings. Just think how we felt a week ago, when bonds that did not go off were sent in the mail. If moms were going off around us every week, we would become very unnerved, and people do it. The goal of these bombings why were people doing this . Who is doing it . Young people were doing it. Why were they doing it . It was to bring the war home. They wanted to force americans to experience the war that was being endured on a much greater scale by the vietnamese. In other words, they wanted to bring home some of the terror that other people, the vietnamese were experiencing by having our governments truck bomb on us. A member of the weather organization, underground and organizations that split from the Student Democratic Society in the 1960s, this is the member of the Weather Underground explaining we felt that doing nothing in a period of repressive violence is itself a form of violence. If you sit in your house, live your white life, go to your white job, allow the country to murder people and commit genocide, you sit there and you dont do anything about it, that is violence. This had very little effect on the government. In the spring of 69 the spring of 69 nixon ramps up the Bombing Campaign against the north yet means. He does something very dangerous. He secretly, in other words the congress which had the right to be informed, he secretly extended the bombing to the v8 can bases. The north yet emmys army bases and also to supply routes and labor in cambodia and laos. The v8 was being supplied literally by laos and in cambodia and it was very difficult the American Government tried to cut off that lean of supplies into north yet numb with bombing and it was unsuccessful and so in april of 1970, nixon sent south yet needs an american troops across the border to cambodia. This was illegal we were not at war with cambodia. There was no authorization to go to war with cambodia, it just sent troops across the border into cambodia. The strategy also, it did have the effect of the unintended and undesired effect of supporting local communist insurgents in cambodia. As a response to this, and the resulting, the can vote in their victory in cambodia helped by the north koreans encouraged by the United States was catastrophic for the cambodian people. 2 million of who felt victim to the genocide that was perpetrated by the communists as part of what they call the rural relocation program. It is hard to do this in secret. The president got found out. It was revealed. It is hard to go to work at another country with no one noticing. Immediate protests in Congress Respond to this in the media and on College Campuses nation wise. This is one College Campuses and explode. They explode with students out in quads, protesting american policies, the war, protesting the drafts. You all would be eligible for the draft, depending on which here it was and depending on when you graduated, so think about that one for a second. It is not a good moment for young people. You would be out there to, probably, protesting. At Kent State University in ohio, you see this image im sure. Kent state was a Public University with a largely working class white student body. Students burnt the copy of the constitution and burned down the campus not Good Behavior if youre the president of the university, but that is what they did as a protest. The governor of ohio denounced the students as you said, the worst type of people we harbor in america and it dispatched National Guard troops to calm the unrest. There were a lot of people out. This is one of those most tragic moments in the whole student movement. What you get there is you have 19 year National Guardsmen who are unnerved by 19 year old students throwing rocks at them. They shoot them. They killed four students at ohio state. They also kill another two people who had not participated in the right at all. But they found themselves within a two mile range of the guardsmans bullets. The shooting something that has a two mile range and they managed to hit two people. Beyond from where they were. The response to the kent state murders, fast and furious, within a few days, one and a half Million Students nationwide had walked out of class. If if the nations colleges and universities that close their doors temporarily. 11 days after this, Mississippi State troopers opened fire on a dormitory ajax and state which is an African American college, killing two people, another two students. Still, the war drags on. In april of 1971, a year after the murders at kent, half 1 Million People gather again in washington to demand americas immediate withdrawal from the war. A week later, thousands of protesters assimilate and washington again. Aiming to use massive non violent protests to paralyzed the city. They will cut off the highways. They will do all of those things. But before they had a chance to act, they had done it thing yet. They gathered, but they had not done anything yet. Before they had a chance to, the police and military sweat the downtown area in washington d. C. 7000 people were arrested and were incarcerated temporarily and robert f. Kennedy stadium. News week magazine was appalled and condemned that the attacks on the protesters seemed more appropriate to saigon, south korea in wartime than in washington d. C. President nixon was an perturbed. A few days later, he told his aid charles carlson, this is a nixon quote that can be read. He says, one day we will get them. We will get them on the ground where we want them. We will stick our heels in, step on them hard and twist. Right chuck . Right . That is our president. Somewhere between 1967 in 1971, the war that we were fighting had seems to be a war between the United States and vietnam, and had become a vicious battle among americans. President nixon finally achieved a negotiation and settlement in vietnam in january of 1973. You see how long this is dragging out. This is on to his second term, and finally achieves this negotiated settlement. American bombing ended as did the draft. Ever since then weve had an all volunteer draft since 1973. In november of 1973, Congress Passed something called the war powers act. Its spelled out the procedures to be followed when the introduction of American Forces could lead to their involvement in combat. This was passed over president nixons veto as you can imagine. And the one thing that every single president since then since nixon has in common is that they interpreted the war powers act as an unconstitutional infringement on executive policy. The paris Peace Agreement was negotiated by Henry Kissinger and surprisingly, it left the north yet emmys and vietnam troops in control of the south in other words it did notch push troops of North Vietnamese back. They failed to address the basic issue of the war that it had gotten into in the first place, which was whether vietnam would be one country or two countries. They do not address that. That question is addressed definitively in the spring of 1975 when north the adnan launches a military assault on the north interpreter excuse me against the south that the americans failed to intervene. On april 30th, 1975 looking further, americans glued to their chill television sets. I remember this. Watched as north yemenis tanks rolled into saigon and as American Helicopters evacuated americans from the United States embassy in south vietnam. If you have seen those images, again, they are really wrenching because they have people getting on to the helicopters and other people desperately trying to get on also. They were not able to get on. They were left instead. People who aided the americans there. The final cost of the war in vietnam can be measured and lots of ways as everywhere that weve talked about. It can be measured in money, it can be measured in the end of the great society. Whatever Lyndon Johnson had hoped for and his social programs. Were swallowed up by the war in vietnam as he himself recognized what happened and predicted that. He knew it. 58,000 americans died in vietnam. Three to 4 million vietnamese died in that war. 300,000 americans are wounded, countless vietnamese are also wounded in that war. It has 100 billion dollar price tag which does not sound like much today. But it was a whole lot back then. It was a laugh to bankrupt all the social services, basically. We talked about how you pay for a war. Whether or not you raise taxes. Everyone weve talked about was about, do you raise taxes or do you take on debt . One of the things that president johnson did that kept the were going as long as it did without people protesting was that they refused to raise taxes. Instead, they used that. Several of his advisers wanted to use taxes because when you raise taxes they ask why . When you say oh it is because we are in this war that we forgot to mention then they might say lets talk about that war before we go any further. The vietnam war had more repercussions than the dead. It permanently divided a generation. For at least the next 40 years. Every Political Campaign until barack obama was in part on where were you during vietnam . What did you do during vietnam . Did you fight during vietnam . Did you get a deferment during vietnam . Did you have some kind of injury or product effect that kept you out of vietnam . How commit obama is the only one young enough not to have this be an issue . I thought when i was writing, oh imagine with iraq obama when he was elected, a torch has been packed from the vietnam generation. We will get vietnam out of our politics. But the baby boomer generation, they just pull it back and try to get out. They pull it right back. Again, we still have vietnam in our politics although by this point, no one cares interestingly. No one seems to care. It was a huge issue in 1992 when bill clinton was running for president. That was a big issue. Where were you in vietnam by the time we get to all in . I think no one really its not important to anybody in particular anymore. Lets talk a little bit about, where are we know . Lets talk about the other thing Richard Nixon is known for. He did get us out of the war, but he also put a lot of people in jail in the end. Im not talking about people on the streets im talking about people in his own administration as he did during the watergate crisis. Nixon was always kind of paranoid about how he was being treated and how he was going to win, whether he would stay in office or whether people like him. Some people did not like him, which is why he was kind of paranoid of whether or not people liked him. Again, in 1972 he is running for reelection. Almost in watergate. First he has to get reelected. Thats okay. That is quick. It starts in the reelection of 1972. Richard nixon did not have any worries about being reelected. He was not going to not be reelected. In 1972, but he got himself into a position. It is hard to say. Nixon had always been known as someone who is engaged and dirty tricks as a politician. His nickname in the 19 fifties was tricky dyck. It gives you an idea of his reputation at least among other politicians. In the election, one of the things that happened earlier. We wont go back there actually. One of the things that nixon did is breaking and entering. Breaking into a Psychiatrist Office when the leaked pentagon papers. Wanting to break into the assassin. George wallace gets shot in 1972. He assassin actually wanted to get nixon but he shot George Wallace instead. He didnt kill him but got him paralyzed. The first reaction of nixon upon hearing that George Wallace had been assaulted was to send one of his guys to break into the apartment of the guy who is the shooter there and try to plant some propaganda from the 72 election. Carlson fails in this and the fbi had already gotten there. It could not actually get there. Nixon says ok never mind. We will try to get another time. He starts to go a little nuts in the early seventies. He says lets break into this guys apartment and plant democratic literature. Lets break into the institution the Brookings Institution to see if he could find anything on daniel ellsberg. He wants to go to the National Archives and steel secret vietnam papers about president johnsons aides. He was enamored about this. We can do that . There are ways to do that . We can break into the institution . The National Archives . No we cannot break into the National Archives. But he thought it would be a good idea anyway. He had this thing called a list which was very long. People in the seventies who were offended they were they were not on the list. They were as big a critic as anyone else is Richard Nixon. Why would they not be on the enemies list when the enemies list was finally published . He also decides to play dirty in the election. 72 he had his people go around his opponent in 1972 was the former governor of maine. Nixon planted rumors that my skis wife was a drinker and she told dirty jokes. This is what he said and it was enough to get you in trouble politically in 1972. These are his people that they got a fake schedule when he tried to fly and Campaign Events and it can completely screwed up his schedule and could not get anywhere on time. They had rumors that musky this may or may not have before we end, he had a fake harlem for musky committee calling people at midnight and saying to them, this is the harlem for musky committee. Can we count on your vote . No. Not if you are not somebody not if youre somebody who doesnt want black people on your office. That is the kind of thing that Richard Nixon did. He was not in any trouble of losing his job ever. But it was him using and perhaps addictive also. We are going to end with this building. The Watergate Hotel is still there in washington, brandnew then. Very posh, very funky and curvy and interesting. People have offices there as well as apartments. The dnc has its office there and Richard Nixon wants to break in to the dnc to see if they have anything on him. Nothing particular. Just to see. It was a mistake. The people who burgled on his behalf are actually caught and arrested. That is the beginning of the downfall of Richard Nixon. Thanks