Falling down London Bridge is falling down my fair lady London Bridge is falling down falling down when we moved into this house, we thought it was a normal house, where people were using synapsis, graph, maybe some speed. There was a lot of shooting up going on, some people were using heroin to the point that we couldnt trust each other anymore, the work wasnt getting done. We began to lie to each other. Peggy and i took a stand against hard narcotics and called a house meeting and the house members agreed we wouldnt have any more heroin or meth in the house, yet some people found these two drugs too groovy to give up and it destroyed the whole house. Now we build it up again my fair lady now we build it up again up again up again now we build it up again my fair lady now we build it up again up again up again now we build it up again my fair lady a communicate is destroyed by heroin. More important than meaningful institution is also being destroyed with alarming frequency. The american home. Narcotics and their relatives, amphetamines, barbituates rip apart family life at every economic and social level. Tragic aftermath fills hospitals, prisons and Rehabilitation Centers across the country. The entire question of drug use is vastly complex. The drugs themselves are many and varied. The precise Information Available to us, when it does exist, is often clubbed in myth and controversy. Drug users do not fit within any comfortable grouping. They are young as well as old. They are disadvantaged, but often affluent. I do the hard narcotics for escape. I do, as more interesting drugs, psych dellic drugs, for learning. It wasnt enough for me to smoke. I needed something else. The drug scene in vietnam was really a strange scene. Its hard to describe. Drugs are very prevalent there. Theyre all over the place. You can get marijuana. You can go out and pick it. I was a very nervous, uptight, lost little girl. And after i turned on, i may not have found the answer to everything, but at least, you know, it didnt seem such an immediate danger to me. Heroin is a painkiller. It kills all pain. It kills mental, physical anguish. It kills anxiety. It kills boredom. It produces pleasure just based on the drug itself and nothing else. Got to the point where everything i did, everything i made, i poured into the habit. The problem is im in a drug culture. At one time, it was considered unusual for anyone under the age of 16 to be experimenting with drugs, but now it is not uncommon to see it among sixth graders and in one welltodo school on the west coast, the drug experimenters numbered among 70 of the student population. A house destroyed but a house that can be rebuilt. The man who stands at the center of the rebuilding operation and who shoulders much of the nations concern over drug abuse, dr. Stanley f. Ulyss. The aim of the National Program is to rehabilitate the estimated 100,000 narcotic addicts and estimated half million persons in the United States who regularly abuse nonnarcotic drugs. Because drug abuse and drug dependence is apparently the result of physical, psychological, social and other factors, the research supported by the National Institute of Mental Health or carried out directly by the National Institute of Mental Health must range from basic studies on the mechanisms of drug interaction, addicting qualities of new drugs and how they act in the body to study social patterns of drug abuse as well as studies of new methods of treatment and rehabilitation. Deep in the heart of kentuckys blue grass kentucky is the treatment of narcotic addicts. Since the first prisoner patient was admitted in 1935, the federal hospital at lexington and its companion at ft. Worth, texas, have born the brunt of caring for these littleunderstood and often feared and much maligned american dope addicts. For decades, these hospitals themselves have been maligned and misunderstood, often cited as prime examples of how hopeless it is to treat, much less cure an addict. It is well to remember when opened these institutions were only a first step in societys enlightened policy toward the drug addict. While steel bars and windows are necessary to enforce the punitive side of our judgment, national conscience, for the first time, suggested research, treatment, rehabilitation. Since 1967, many changes have taken place. The bars and the grills are being removed, taking emphasis off the custodial aspects. The hospital now called the clivengal Research Center, administered by the National Institute of Mental Health many approaches to rehabilitation. One technique basic to many treatment methods is encouraging addicts to help add he cants, by working together, playing together and just being together. Within the same complex at lexington is another center, this one engaged in addiction research. Its mission is to investigate the nature of the drugs themselves. Our understanding of the scientific working of drugs, physical effects on people, what changes they cause in the body are questions to which we have few precise answers. Want another one . Sure. Why not . Patients from the clivengal Research Center volunteer for a variety of tests involving the actual intake of drugs. To the outsider, these tests may appear meaningless. And from a conservative point of view, immoral. However, they bring us closer to a clearer understanding of the chemical relationship between body and the agent, where the agent is marijuana, marijuana cigarette, a synthetic drug or one of the opiates. Measuring drug molecules within the body allows the researcher to see what the drug is doing to the bodys organs, tissue and chemistry. Through experiments such as these, the Addiction Center has wrked up an impressive nonaddicting pharmaceuticals, demonstrating addictive nature of the barbituates, certain tranquilizer and pioneering work in the understanding of alcoholism. While they were amass iing drug reaction, little else in the country was being done. In the 40s and 50s, more and more people fell victim, not only to heroin, but a host of synthetics. While long used as a way of escape from the ghetto, marijuana there was virtually no difference between selling a deck of heroin on a Street Corner or selling marijuana in a college dorm. But in the 1960s. Leads to crimes, crimes which reinforces the punitive enforcement of the narcotics law and thus drives the addict deeper and deeper into secretiveness and fear. California started the civil commitment program, the first state to do so. Even though high fences and barbed wire, the focus was not on punishment but treatment. First time the Public Institution was used to treat addicts instead of just c confining them. New york 1962, the act allowed many states to elect treatment instead of prison sentence. The first major federal law designed to realistically appraise the addicts problem and restore him to his community. Narcotic addict rehabilitation act of 1966 allows the defendant in certain criminal cases to elect treatment instead of punishment, including an Extensive Program of aftercare under the supervision of the surgeon general. First established in santa monica, perhaps the most publicized of the selfhelp approaches. Rehabilitated addicts like don parker have carried on with this philosophy in other cities from california to new york to chicago. Each establishing his own Therapeutic Community. Residential Therapeutic Community is a 24hour a day lisk, working situation in which people go through all kinds of emotional changes. Drug addiction, of course, is not a physical problem. Its an emotional problem. And thats what we approach. These communities, the addict is first taken off drugs, cold turkey or by gradual, medicated withdrawal. He then starts the long, humbling process of living shouldertoshoulder with other addicts, people who have made it. People who have little sympathy with members who refuse to be honest with themselves. Why dont you be honest with him . You cant even talk. You explode every time you talk. And youre boiling inside, youve been boiling your whole life. You say its other people. You have a cop out. Are you afraid of him . These are the residents of new yorks day top village, a private Therapeutic Community supported by federal, state and municipal funds. Graduates of day top master far more than their past craving for drugs. They learn a new lifestyle centered around helping others, bettering their communities. When they return to the street, the day top graduate will be a force for action in his old neighborhood, even if its only rallying people to clean up their block. Some of day tops byproducts are surprising and theyre exciting. This is the stage of an offbroadway theater where day top residents tell their story behind the foot lights to capacity audiences and to critical acclaim. [ indistinct shouting ] [ screaming ] rehabilitation during 1960 saw a decade of experimentation, trial and error approaches that sought and sometimes found cures through group therapy, through computers and through the test tube. In chicago, a young father of two children hopelessly addicted to heroin, forced to steal to support his habit, opens a door to possible hope. This is the methodone made in its approach, still in experimental stage its administered in fruit juice as a substitute for heroin and at the same time satisfied the juvengys need for drugs and like heroin, methodone is also addictive but spares the user the harmful effects. The chief sponsor is dr. Vincent dole at new yorks rockefeller university. So we estimate conservatively, i think, that every patient that we treat saves the community 40,000 a year in neighborhoods that are not stolen, spoiled, families that are not abandoned. Methodone maintenance has its critics. Theres no way that, in my opinion, a person who is drugged and a person on methodone is drugged, can really take a look at himself. Most methodone proponents consider it irrelevant whether a patient ever comes off the drug. The important point they make is that addicts are rapidly returning to society and are able to cope with responsibility. The cost, inexpensive glass of orange juice on the way to work. Another chemical approach to keeping an addict off drugs is a narcotic antagonist, blocking the effects of heroin as it tries to act on the Central Nervous system. There are other approaches, teaming slums concentrate help during the period when its needed most during aft care. Exaddicts who have begun to remake their lives work closely with the residents, helping them through each day, rising on time, reporting to work, the simple daytoday lifestyle the rest of us take so much for granted. In time, many of them will be eased back into their communities. Stronger, perhaps, for their experience. After care is one of the most important phases of restoring a former addict to a useful life. Know the patient, know his daily routine and are wary of pitfalls. You might van argument with your wife. You might go to work in the morning and all of a sudden where you used to handle 25 cottons a day, the boss gives you 30 cartons. This is another excuse. Im going to go out and shoot dope. You can be free from drugs for five, six, seven months and all of a sudden you want to reward yourself. Like, wow, ive been clean now for six months, you know. Im doing great. Im making money. Ive got money in the bank. My wife loves me. My kids love me. Let me go out and get high. This happens. These are the things you have to be aware of. The point i want to bring out is that if you do use, dont be afraid to come by, you know, and tell us, because thats what were there for. Treatment programs are important, but even more important is prevention. We thought at that time eliminating the slums would eliminate that aspect of the drug problem. The answer is not so simple. Drug abuse, including heroin in a wide range of synthetics has sprung up among the children of upper middle class families as well. Here, affluence is a lifestyle and the precious and anxietc s of the ghetto are unknown. But perhaps there are anxieties in the suburbs, anxieties of a different nature. Its like a fortress to protect this allwhite community of 40,000 people who live in one of three models of housing, total cultural starvation. Its not a fortress. Its like a prison of tight, shallow people and the only food for their brain that they get is television and booze and adultery. And the only everyone has money. Theres no identity in money. You can only say i have more money or less money. Thats no identity. Thats just quantity. The only thing you can do with money and buy massproduced products and everyone has massproduced products. Detroit makes 5 million cars all the same. Youth, in rejecting our values too often users more rhett ork to dissatisfaction. Speed of 60 miles an hour. I pulled his car over and asked him to produce his drivers license and he had none. I immediately arrested him and searched him and on his person i found a bag of white powder that has since been analyzed by the crime laboratory. Do you hear what your lawyer just said . Yes, i did. This court is going to send you three to seven years to the state penitentiary. Yes, sir. It is so ordered. On the narcotic charge, why should we be concerned . Why . In a few years those under 25 will make up onehalf of our population. Marijuana among college kids is only one drug and one population group, but it serves to illustrate that our interest as a nation has been more than somewhat hypocritical. The college kids, middleclass kids in this country suddenly discovered marijuana in the mid to early 60s and up until that time, marijuana was used almost exclusively by negroes, Puerto Ricans and jazz musicians, and who gave a damn about them . So nobody would even look at these laws. All at once mrs. Murphys kid from the suburbs, attending a prominent university, gets busted for marijuana. Ive had medical students, law students, kids going to scientific institutions on National Science grants, ive had all kinds of people who have been arrested for marijuana violations. When this happens suddenly, our society starts to become aware of a problem socalled. The entire question of drug use is vastly complex, cutting across the boundaries of the law, medicine and societys attitudes. The source of the problem is a simple flower, a hardy plant. Beautiful in their natural habitat as they are dangerous, often lethal when abused by man in his environment. After 60 centuries of abuse, societys attitude is only now beginning to change, beginning to bring enlightenment to our understanding of drugs and why people use them. Theyre beginning also to realize the fact that there is no single bridge that will return the addict to society. There are many drug takers and each takes his journey to nowhere for numerous and complex reasons. Bringing them back home will require many bridges, many different approaches, each designed to reach one segment of the drug dependent society. Where the solutions are found in the maintenance approach, a therapieutic immunity, one thin is certain. We must continue to build bridges back into society as many bridges as possible. Lets call them bridges from no place. Were featuring american tv programs this week as a preview of whats available every weekend on cspan 3. Tonight, a look at the modern presidency, beginning with three former white house speech writers, talking about the process of turning a president s policies and politics into a speech. American history tv, tonight, at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on cspan 3. Every saturday night, American History tv takes you to College Classrooms around the country for lectures in history. Why do you all know who Lizzie Borden is . Raise your hand if you had ever heard of this murder trial before this class. Where we will find the true mean i meaning of the revolution was in this transformation that took place in the minds of the american people. Were going to talk about both of these sides of this story here, right, the tools, techniques of slave owner power and well also talk about the tools and techniques of power that were practiced by enslaved people. Watch history professors lead discussions with their students on topics ranging from the American Revolution to september 11th. Lectures in history on cspan3 saturday at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on American History tv and lectures in history is available at a podcast. Find it where you listen to podcasts. Distant drummer is a fourpart film series from the early 1970s about drug abuse. This episode, distant drummer a moveable scene looks at drug use during the hippie era of the late 1960s and early 1970s. This was produced by George Washington university and the National Institute of Mental Health and narrated by hollywood actor actors. This the straight society, early wellmanaged disciplined. Made possible by protestant ethic