62, and all of this was housing, both trailer parks and homes built long before rapid city was even really wellknown as a hub of western south dakota. The Journey Museum and learning center, and the fine arts center, were both buildings that were built after the flood, to kind of allow rapid city to heal. That is the triumph that comes out of it. Andd city picked itself up, opens these beautiful buildings that allow for culture to thrive in an area that was decimated by a flood. At the end of the museum, we talk about the 1972 flood. The 1972 flood, what i am referring to is a tragedy that occurred in rapid city on june 9, 1972 into the morning of june 10. Flood was ack hills perfect storm of rain and dam failure, and it wiped out acres, hundreds of acres of rapid city. It took over 200 lives in the rapid cityd caused to actually become what it is today. We knew the storm was occurring. We saw it coming, thanks to the weather station at Ellsworth Air force base. But we were not sure how horrific it actually would be. By 9 00, torrential rain was pouring. 10 30, 11 30 at night, Canyon Lake Dam failed. When Canyon Lake Dam failed, the water went downstream to rapid creek, causing the creek to rise to 15 feet, nine inches deep, and it wiped out whole acres of town. In 1972, we had a National Guard encampment out here, in camp doingfor the week training, medical training and other response training. They should not have been out here. That is not their normal spot to be. So because of that, because we had them here, we had Immediate Response within the city of rapid city, and Ellsworth Air force base stepped up and sent hundreds of people out to help with Immediate Response as well. The police department, the fire department, they did not fight the incoming military response, which was awesome. They started responding to people in trees, people stuck on rooftops, and what they did, they said, this is what we have got, these are our men, and let the military take over. So the military directed people, showed them where to go. Even the civilians followed what the air force and National Guard directed. And that, that response, that communication saved thousands of peoples lives. A a lot of what you see in this exhibit is photographs. Gs wese a lot of the thinm have from the flood are photographs. You know, peoples lives got decimated. If they didnt lose somebody, they lost their house, they lost their belongings. So a lot of what we have left our photographs. A lot of the photographs behind me are hardhitting photographs, that show not only the tragedy, but the cooperation of air force, National Guard, fire department. The other thing i have up here are quotes. These quotes are taken from the rapid city journal, on different days of the journal. One of the quotes we have that is probably the hardesthitting, where it says we just dont have enough hearses to go around. And they didnt. They didnt have enough coffins and hearses, and they were digging graves every day, for days. After the flood happened, there was a big push to change the way rapid city was set up, and that is where our beautiful green areas in rapid city come from. All of those green spaces, the golf courses, the parts we have all along rapid creek, those w ere, that was housing. People lived there, in those areas, before the flood. After the flood, leonard swanson, the city planner at the time, got up in front of the city council and said, we cannot let anyone else stay one more night in this suicidal floodplain. So they wiped out all of the housing in that area, and they said we will make this into parks, we will make this into golf courses. Businesses can be in the floodplain. Now there is a high school in the floodplain. But nowhere where people can sleep. No one is allowed there now. The other interesting aspect of the flood we should talk about, fema. Fema exist in 1972, but our floods in rapid city, and a couple months later there was flooding in johnstown, pennsylvania from hurricane agnes, and a couple months after that was three mile island. Were putee tragedies together into a case study and presented, and that is what formed fema. Especially the military response out here for our rapid city floods, the air force and National Guard working together, responding, rescuing people and recovering bodies, and doing what they were doing best. That prompted the military response that we see for natural disasters today. 1972, it changed the way rapid city looked, and it changed the way people think about rapid city. Now you know, we get these visitors and tourists who go and say, rapid city is gorgeous, you have all this green space, it is beautiful, but they dont understand why. So putting the flood exhibit in this museum is something very important, because it tells the reason why. It tells why we have these beautiful spaces now. It also stresses that, even though this happened, we can pick ourselves up, and we do pick ourselves up. Our cities tour staff recently traveled to rapid city, south dakota, to learn about its rich history. To watch more video from rapid city and other stops on our tour, visit cspan. Org citiestour. You are watching American History tv, all weekend, every weekend, on cspan3. The house will be in order. Beenr 40 years, cspan has providing america unfiltered coverage of congress, the white house, the Supreme Court, and Public Policy events from washington, d. C. And around the country, so you can make up your own mind. Created by cable in 1979, cspan is brought to you by your local cable and satellite provider. Cspan, your unfiltered view of government. Q a, then smithsonian institutes peter on the history of tariffs and managing the u. S. Economy. The Supreme Court ruled the tomato is a vegetable, not a fruit, because of a tariff. Sort of an odd story. Any botanist will tell you a tomato is a fruit, but the 1883 tariff put a tariff on vegetables, not fruits. Of vegetables he was out, the tomatoes bringing from the caribbean where fruit and he didnt have to pay a tariff. The battle went on for quite some time, and eventually the Supreme Court ruled tomatoes are actually vegetables, and its an interesting ruling. It had repercussions beyond just tomatoes themselves. Sunday night at 8 00 eastern on cspans q a. Next on history bookshelf, brian burrow talks about his book days of rage, americas radical underground the fbi and the forgotten age of revolutionary violence, where he chronicles domestic terror groups and violence in the 1970s, part of the interviewed by historian perlstein. [captions Copyright National cable Satellite Corp 2019] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] my name is tom paschalis. Start i would like to you. A special thank were broadcasting live on cspan