Through our galleries. Our museum is set up so it is literally a walk through time. You come to the museum. It is at the end of the ice age. We talk about the first Indigenous Peoples who lived here in michigan and go to the end of the 20th century. We are standing in our exhibit that we call the first peoples. It talks about the Indigenous People who lived in michigan for thousands of years before the arrival of europeans. It is one we just recently renovated. The focal point of this exhibition first is this gigantic mural we have here that is painted. It shows the story of the anishinaabe people through four seasons. The big picture that we want to convey in this is what an advanced civilization the anishinaabe had before european arrival. They had very sophisticated social structures but it was just a little different than the western civilization. They chose to live off of the land and not try to control the land. They engaged spent a lot of their time really working in harmony with the lands to meet all their basic needs. In this mural, some things to point out is the structures. Theres a lot of misconceptions that native americans all lived in teepees. But in michigan, they lived in structures called wigwams. We have an illustration of one here and we have half of one mocked out over here. They would use saplings of birch or maple to build this frame and then overlay it with strips of birch bark, sometimes woven reed mats. They would fill it with grasses for insulation. They would live in these yearround. The nice thing about them is they are pretty compact and mobile. They could take the birch bark off and move from place to place as seasons changed. Now we have moved into the gallery that talks about how michigan became a state. Michigan was slow to settle due to the swamplands and other things like that. The opening of the erie canal in 1825 helped spread migration from the eastern states. By 1835, the territory of michigan felt it had reached congress requirements for becoming a state. We have the right population numbers, had a written constitution from 1835 and our governor appealed to congress to become a state, and it was rejected because there was some unsettled business between the state of michigan and the state of ohio, as in who would own toledo. Now, both states saw it as a very valuable port on lake eire and the maumee river that would help with transportation. It took about two years. They called it the toledo war. Michigan finally agreed that if the country would let it become a state, they would let toledo become part of ohio. As a consolation prize, michigan got the western half of the Upper Peninsula. Ohioans and michiganians agree that michigan got the better deal because that is where they found the iron ore and copper ore deposits that were the rich Natural Resources that really helped michigan become the manufacturing state it did in the 20th century. The northern half of the lower peninsula was rich with native forests, largely pines. Also explorer surveyor Douglas Houghton went up to the western part of the u. P. And discovered natural iron ore and copper deposits there. The 19th century in michigan can largely be considered extraction of Natural Resources. So in the last half of the 19th century, most of the lumber in the lower part of the lower peninsula was cut down and harvested and fullscale mining efforts began in the Upper Peninsula for copper and iron ore. As you can see here, when you are extracting the copper and iron ore, it rarely comes out perfectly pure. This is copper ore that has other impurities in it so that necessitated the building of some of michigans first factories to process, smelting, forges, to take the Raw Materials and purify them to make the pure copper that is used in items such as ingots and pots and candlesticks and other things. And all of this, this early manufacturing to process this raw ore is one of the things that set michigan up to become a major Manufacturing Center in the late 19th and early 20th century. Some of the earliest Manufacturing Industries in michigan were related to transportation which made sense. We had Carriage Companies operating out of flint. We had railcar Companies Operating out of detroit and shipbuilding was a Huge Industry in bay city and in detroit. One of the biggest early manufacturing successes in michigans history was the fact that michigan, by 1900, had become the stove capital of the world. Jeremiah and james dwyer were two brothers who founded three of the four most successful stove companies in detroits history and here are some examples of the cast iron stoves that they made at their factories out of iron that was mined in the Upper Peninsula. So at the turn of the 20th century, about 1900, michigan really became known for the city that its still known for today, and that is the manufacture of automobiles. In order for that to happen, we had to have the successes from the early industries, money and capital that could invest in these new companies from the former industries of lumbering and mining, those initial investors had a lot of money to invest. We also have the infrastructure and the factories that made the stoves, that made the transportation vehicles. Could be repurposed for this new phenomenon of the gasoline engine. And i think the last piece that really helped michigan become the motor state was the ingenuity of some of the early founders of the Automobile Industry, from henry ford Whose Assembly line is famous and this is a recreation of his Highland ParkAssembly Line to Walter Chrysler and William Durant who founded general motors. This big, exciting boom in manufacturing in the Automobile Industry was huge in the southern part of michigan, particularly southeastern michigan. But at the same time the northern part of michigan was still largely farming as a major industry. But the advances in the technology, particularly the gasoline engine resulted in new technologies like the motorized tractor. Other scientific breakthroughs in the study of farming and agriculture really helped usher in a new era of farming in michigan and enabled family farms to grow into sustainable businesses. I think early in the 20th century, almost 25 of Michigan Farmers were dairy farmers. That was a Huge Industry for us. So while the factories are booming in southeast michigan, weve got farming on a larger scale happening. So both worlds existing simultaneously. Weve now moved in the part of the museum that talks about michigan during world war ii and particularly the war production that took place. In 1940, right before the u. S. Entered world war ii, our president , franklin d. Roosevelt put a call out. We must be the great arsenal of democracy. We needed to create the products that would help the allies win world war ii and michigan and detroit in particular were very quick to answer the call. In fact most factories or Production Companies that were making Consumer Products switched over to war manufacturing including all of the automobile factories. One of probably the most successful factories that was built to make products for the war was ford motor companys willow run plant. Theres a gigantic mural behind us that shows the innovation in making planes via an Assembly Line which had never been done before. Construction started on the plant in 1941. It was completed in 1942 and by 1943, 41,000 people were working to build airplanes in this plant. And by the end of the war, the factory had built just under 9,000 b24 bombers and at one point they were rolling one off the line every 63 minutes. So wartime work was very different. Most of the young men, ablebodied men who had worked in the factories had gone off to serve in the war. In the willow run plant in particular, there was mass migrations of people coming up from the south to work. And in fact detroit was so overcrowded that people were living in tents in vacant lots. But its also known that the war gave opportunity to women and people of color, particularly africanamericans, to get these factory jobs for for the most part for the first time in history. In the photo behind us, the workers that are working on the top of that airplane there, there are a couple of women working. Women worked as riveters, women worked assembling things. At other factories that werent making the big products like the jeeps or the vehicles, michigan made a lot of ordnance or a lot of artillery shells. So women would build the shells that would be used in cannons and guns and bullets as well. The impact of the war production on michigan really changed the fabric of the workforce in the state. So were going to end our tour today in our 1957 detroit auto show. And i think this is very fitting because it shows how over the last century and a half, the manufacturing in michigan landed us michigan in a very prosperous state in mid 20th century, the 1950s, which is is known as the era of the classic muscle car. From michigans Indigenous People, the anishinaabe, to our lumberers, to our miners, to our early manufacturers and our Auto Industry giants. These individuals have worked with, lived with and used michigans Natural Resources in a way to benefit themselves and to help our state grow. Saturday night on book tv at 11 00 p. M. Eastern. If we dont tell our own stories, others will tell them for us. And they wont have the same care and concern that we do. What happens . This is an important thing for all of us. Im a privacy advocate and it was very hard it was actually harder to tell this story. Yeah. To tell my story than it was to come forward and risk my freedom and potentially my life. Edward snowden talks about exposing the u. S. Governments mass surveillance program. Then sunday live at noon eastern, indepth with journalist naimi klein. We have never had so little arctic sea ice, we have lost much of the Great Barrier reef. These are the major features of our planet, the arctic, the amazon, the Great Barrier reef. And we are as my friend says breaking them. She talks about her books which include on fire, the burning case for a green new deal. No logo. Join in the conversation live. At 9 00 eastern, in his latest book deceiving the sky the author will talk about chinas efforts to become a superpower. Everyone is looking at the chinese economic threat. As you mentioned, the white house was very successful in highlighting this threat. They issued a report with the stunning title called chinas economic aggression and there was a huge policy fight with bure bureaucrats saying we cant say economic aggression but when you read the report, you understand why. The house will be in order. For 40 years, cspan has been providing america unfiltered coverage of congress, the white house, the Supreme Court and Public Policy events from washington, d. C. And around the country so you can make up your own mind. Created by cable in 1979. This, thi cspan is brought to you by your local cable provider. Cspan, your unfiltered view of government. Former Federal Reserve chairs this morning will discuss the impact of inflation on monetary policy. The Brookings Institution is hosting this event in washington, d. C. Good morning. Id like to welcome you to the event today. The mission of our center is to improve the quality of both monetary and fiscal policies and in particular the public understanding of them. Under the under the very able leadership of david wesle, weve worked to promote analytical rigger but