Year, 2019. Hes retired, 40 year as an editor and writer and newspaper and magazine industry some of those publications include usa today liberal both more sun the patriot news and your daily record in addition lot ron is edited National Magazines such as usa today sports hes been the editor in charge of the National FootballLeague Coverage for usa today sports weekly, and he has managed the copy desk at harrisburg, when the newspaper want the Pulitzer Prize in 2012. Native to michigan, a graduate of Central Michigan university, and he has returned as a guest speaker to the schools to journalism classes, as part of the schools visiting professional series. Iran and currently lives in york, pennsylvania, and has been a Gettysburg Foundation guide at the George Spangler farms Field Hospital since it opened in 2018. Without any further introduction, i would like to present to you, run cricket. applause thank you, tanya. Okay, we are good. Kenny, thank you, thank you all for coming. I argue in my book, but the george and elizabeth Spangler Farms is the most important farm in the battle of gettysburg. I am going to address that first, then, we are going to go into other factors like the hospitals, that were on this property. We will talk about the spanglers a bit as well. To help me make my case, union line the potomac line, day three. There is the George Spangler farms it is close to the line everywhere is close to the line it is huge because 166 acres. It dominates, behind a line. Roads, tiny town road, the Baltimore Pike over here, to connectors, they cut right through spangler property, and Blacksmith Shop around our down here. The armor of the potomac commanders Service Advantage early on, this is a farm they could use. This was a farm they could put infantry on, a farm they could put artillery on. This is a farm, with those roads, would head as main streets, to get troops and artillery to the line, just in time, wherever needed. He used those two lanes, to get guys all around here. Captain frederick we clear, 26 of wisconsin, describes the scene at spangler. If they broken power lines, all would have been lost. Sometimes they came, so very close. But, our generals were watchful. Whenever our lines were closely pressed, whatever they were giving way, there, just before the critical moment arrived, we would see the syrian ranks of the reserve march up, and reinforce our lines, and drive the rebels back. That is the george spangle are farm. That is how the army of the potomac used it. We all know the story of the 20th main, joshua, george chamberlain, 83 pennsylvania, all those guys in the fifth president , who rushed off to a little around the top. But what a lot of us dont know, is how they spent their day, and where today rush from . Well, they rushed from spangler. The fifth court got here, at about noon on july 2nd. At about 5 pm, they took off, and found granted school house lane, left turn over here, cut across the fields, too little round top. Right after they left, the sixth corps arrived. They were in the same area where the fifth corps was. They were not there long. Then they took off. Now the Granite School house and the black shop road, to get to the front. Later that night, be 12 corps, they are up here, they break away some men, and they rushed john granted school house lane, and they helped out here on the line. Now, 11th core hospital, those are their tents. The 11th court ambulances, and georges wheat field, more up here. The 11th court ambulances that went from spangler where up at this East Cemetery hill. Ammunition train from the artillery, 100 wagons, and they supplied the ammunition for all the artillery, for the army of the potomac. Anytime anybody ran out, they came here, to spangler, to fill up again. They were being guarded by the fourth division. Are truly reserve, will get to in a second. Granted school house, will get to a second. More artillery and a bit of wax, more artillery, and infantry over here. You have a signal station up here, on this hill, the spanglers only two thirds of this hill, general headquarters, for the 12 was up here. And you dont hear this much either, general make, he watched the end of fighting on july 3rd from the top of powers hill, and that night, he made his headquarters down here in the woods on spangler property, and he only left because he was rearranged, he had to go behind the Baltimore Pike. This farm was crowded, shoulder to shoulder it, it was trampled, and used well. The artillery reserve. This is one artillery reserve battery. The spanglers had 19 of these batteries on their property, in addition to everything else, we had 19 of these there. Starting at about 3 00, on july 2nd, they were sent out. They just went on for the next several hours. These guys were different from the regular artillery at the infantry corps had. There are seven infantry court gettysburg, the each other on artillery with them. Their job was to go with the infantry, up the core. That was about 200. The artillery brings 26 candidates, 2300 man, 2300 horses, these guys are free agents. If you get a hole in the line, you call on your free agents, and thats what they did. Starting at about 3 00. So, first, they go up here, wed field road, Peach Orchard area, and this house, but famous photo of all the debt courses at this house . Those are horses from the artillery reserve, from the 19th of massachusetts. All along the plum run line, they are chilly reserve fought out here on the second, all along cemetery ridge, cemetery hill, they fought hand to hand on East Cemetery hill, and these artillery reserve guys were here, on spangler, all the way around. Thats how important they were, because they were close. They were close to the line, they could get their quickly. Other farms, saw a lot more combat. Other farms were literally destroyed by this combat, but no farm, in my opinion, after researching, was and more important form because of what it provided for that army, and how all of the commanders, and men east it. How they kept their artillery their infantry, the roads i think it was the most important farm in the history of the civil war. On to the hospitals. The First Division caught the heaviest blow. Many killed and wounded were the result, and the latter were now being brought to the hospital in great numbers. This is the Granite School house hospital surgeon in charge doctor William Warren potter of the 57th new york. This is one of Three Drawings by Richard Holland, from massachusetts, but i just mentioned. One of Three Drawings, that he did, but i have used in the book. There is one on the cover, one on the back cover. They went out on july 2nd, at about 3 30, they fought on wheat field road, prolonged back to the house, anyways. They came back in 1884, three monument on the battlefield. And, they put their wagon at spangler, a stopped, and made some drawings. They may one of the sprinkler burn area, and one of the Garnet School house. As a followup their path, in 1863 granted school as was both in the early 18 sixties when the spanglers tone of the land, and the heart of their form. On days two and three of the battle, there was a major First Division second floor, and the fields and woods around the school. This hospital has received little attention since the battle, and little has been yelled guilt but it is now now it is time for it, there are so many other hospitals around here. Its just overgrown, and mark land with poison ivy and thorns that make it difficult to enter. But this hospital hosted the First Division of the second quarter. These are the guys who fought at the wheat field. These are the guys of the irish brigade, the guys who fought at kirby, with general absolution before winning the battle. They suffered over 1000 wounded just in one day of fighting, on july 2nd. Most of those wounded this is where they came. Back to the Granite School house on the George Spangler farm. Chaplain john henry, we start at 145th pennsylvania, certainly grant schools hospital. He said, our hospital was at the foot of powers hill. I found the doctors and nurses busily engaged with the wounded, scattered around in all directions, some lying on the blankets, some on straw a few on stretchers, others on the bare ground. Private arrests allen of company gee, shot through the abdomen suffered terribly. Some of the intestines protruded through the wound, and some of the contents occasionally flood, producing a horrible stench. It was very evident, that our regiment had again suffered severely. Second court and events chief, thomas liver more, mid more deliveries to Grant School House on here. Here under the shoulder of some boulders way a large number of our wounded and dead who have been brought from the field. They lay up on the ground covered with blankets, and the living were nearly all silent, having fallen asleep from fatigue. Those boulders that he mentioned are still there, as is the biggest stream that doctor platter mentions here, when he says the hospitals location was near a stream, protected by enrage from great danger of shells. Sometimes, this stream runs under school house lane, sometimes it is just dry. Sometimes, there is a lot of water in it. There might be some there, today. Brigadier general, samuel mortally wounded, where this monument is. At the wheat field. He was carried through the school house, with a chest wound, so large that the doctor was examining it could see his heart beating through the whole in his chest. He told them, we cant do anything, so they took him back on the Baltimore Pike. Colonel edward crossed was also morally wounded, but on the other side its a street in for him, and this monument. On the other side of the field. He was popular, a good soldier, but he had a temper tantrums as well. Some of his men called him a tyrant, and they refused to bury him. Lieutenant george a wardrobe, of the first United States artillery, was mortally wounded on july 3rd, during thickets charge, when he was hit in the back while directing his men. Sun the michigan judge died at granted school house, telling his friends, that he regretted being shot in the back, asking that it should be no reflection upon his reputation. Most of the First Division second core hospital the grand school house was built behind the line, on day three, after 24 hours of intense service, because it was getting hit by confederate artillery, overshot from the east, and the picket charge cannon from the west. Every major unit hospital throughout the behind the lines, everyone, was moved away further during the battle, except the 11th core hospital, and the spanglers buildings, even though they were also under fire. Granted school house, was an important hospital on spangler a took care of the fighters on the field i believe this hospital warrants recognition i hope that someday this sacred land is cleaned up, parking is put in, science are installed, and the foundation of the school is uncovered, so visitors can stop, meditate and on his place of sacrifice. That is another Richard Holland drying, on the back of my book. One day, comey of a hospital, give me the picket line every time in place of hospital. Catherine matthew the 20 154th new york, after visiting the hospital at spangler farm. 11 quarter medical officers, pick this at the hospital, because of its proximity to the evolving frontline, and access to water, crops, livestock for food, buildings for hospital purposes, rose, and wouldve operating tables, tense and caskets. Well the First Division second Court Hospital use the school and spangle and, 11 core hospital, use the spangles barn, house and other buildings. The christian Sanitary Commission said they were 1900 men here on the data and july 4th, and its probably about right. Thats the most accurate estimates. The ambulance started delivering good, at about 4 00, on july 1st. Theres a doctor daniel britain but. The wounded soon began to pour in giving us such sufficient occupation that from the 1st of july, until the afternoon of the fifth, i was not absent from the hospital more than once and then but for an hour or two. Very hard work it was as well, and little sleet fell to our share. For operating tables are going night and day. Many of them were hurt in the most shocking manner by shells. My experience that chancellorsville was nothing compared to this. I wish i never wish to see another site, i was never more exhausted. That is the front of the spanglers barn. Surgery and mutations took place over, the overhang of the spanglers burn. The doctors have more light, and fresh air, away from the smells, and crown inside the barn. It is always safer for anesthesia at use at night when lanterns were burning. For surgeons worked with their backs to the wall of the burn, surgeons would finish with one amputation or operation, for 30 minutes, and then move immediately to the next one. No washing required, buddy, infested hands, they didnt understand how proper sanitation could prevent infection, and reduce the spread of disease. Sometimes a spanglers surgeon with hands would put his soldier on what in fact i saw with that disease. A spanglers surgeon approaching total exhaustion toward the work too much for human endurance. Private william, age 19, 75th of ohio, at the doorway i saw a huge stuck of and muted arms and legs, stack as high as my head. The most horrible thing ive ever seen in my life, i wish i had never seen it. Amputated lims were eventually, once they reached had high, loaded into a wagon, and carried away, buried somewhere on spangle or land. The spanglers new where they were buried, but we dont know today. The amputations and surgeries and wounds attracted an infestation of flies, but relentlessly harassed everyone. Then, they were the maggots but cover the wounds and stumps, eating infected and dead tissue. Infections were always expected after a civil war surgery, the worst infection, you could smell eight to ten feet away. You could imagine your nose, when he walked into a barn, and everybody has an infection. You walk into one of those tents, but is eight to ten men, and they all have infections. Those poor guys must have smelled. I cant imagine that. So, spangler, they cut down pine branches, and hung the pine branches on the outside of the tenth, and they use them for bedding. To help with the smell of infection. That is the barn today. Men were crammed so close together in spangles barn, that it caused the sprint of diseases. Some men died of these diseases, rather than a battle wounds and brought them to the hospital. Outside, in these bangladesh field, the arm its not provide enough tents, multiplying the misery of the already wounded and dying man, who are forced to light in the mud, and when the rain came. Corporal william, awful steward the 150 pennsylvania, sent hundreds were lying, in most cases with no shelter. Exposed to a cold incessant rain, against the side of the barn. And in orchard adjoining the sheds. Their moans were heard in every direction, with a lantern, i moved that from one to another, during the long hours of the night. I searched, in vain for blankets to cover the suffering, dying man. The cries of agony of the wounded and dying, forcing hospital staff to cover their ears at night, in an attempt to get any sleep. But two female nurses played key roles, miller and her 17yearold son frank, traveled with their husband, of 136 new york, always won the first one to reach the hospital during a battle only, female civil war nurses were not allowed into a hospital, except for after a battle. She nursed the wounded, brought home to members of the dead and dying, there have any photos today of her. In one letter from strangler, mrs. Harvey of inform the family of their sons death who said, i called him my soldier boy. I tried to take the place of mother, sister and friend. I never had such a trial parting with one, but i have no more acquaintance with. They worked at the hospitals for the entire night, then they went home for new york for three weeks, to take a breather. This payback a lane, waste from phoenix phil pennsylvania. Showed to gettysburg, at a bench, at night, on a cattle car. And went to Phoenix Villa shortly after the battle. She was an unpaid nurse at spangler. Sad scenes would fill a volume, so many times at night i lay on my stretcher, weeping instead of sleeping. Captain augustas, of the 107 ohio, carried the photo for 40 years after the war, he was wounded on july 1st, on what is now barr low, gangrene developed in his right arm, and it was amputated at spangler. He will save from year death, until he was well enough to take a train home from ohio. He married in 1866, had nine children, and many grandchildren, while amassing substantial off as a businessman. Heres a poll bear at the queue at the funeral of close friend, william mckinley. He showed mrs. Prices photo to fellow soldiers at national events, in an attempt to find and thank her, but without luck. Then, without a, he received a letter in 1906. Dear sir, do you remember the tigers at gettysburg, who furnish with clothing, so you can go home . I am looking over my photos taking more time, i found one of yours. Her sister kit and send them to me. Im wondering if you are living, and like to attend the gar encampment at saratoga . I expect to be there, and will be glad to meet some of my soldier boys. Ill be glad to hear from you. Now, in my declining years, my thoughts so often dwell upon those stormy times, and the of me great pleasure to hear, or see those from who i care. He replied, that he was looking forward to seeing with great pleasure, and their spangler reunion took place in 1906, 43 years after meeting at the farm. But i have, in my book, i have confirmed the names of 1400 union men who were treated at spangler, and the names of almost 140 who were buried the peach and apple orchards. The union exuma these man, these bodies, in early 63, or 64, we dont know which, and really buried them in the national cemetery, here in town. Confederate man lay in spanglers orchards in two 1872, or so, when they were also exhumed, and reburied in cemeteries in the south. Brigadier general lewis arm instead, one of the five known confederates baird a sprinkler, was at the general core hospital, after his mortal wounding, and heroic leadership crossing during pickets charge, caused such a stir, his ambulance riding was surrounded by a crowd of gawkers in spanglers lane had to be broken up by a surgeon, so he can be treated. Our mr. Died on july 5th, probably very likely. About a month later, from philadelphia, came, he wanted to make money off of his body by embalming it. So, our misstep late in spangles field for a month, he was presumed embalmed he was and reburied in the armistead family claimed paid probably 200 dollars or so, and took him to baltimore and he buried him there. But 50 year old colonel, of the 160 york died at sprinkler. He drew lines of people on several blocks, and hes on the monument hundred 26 assistant surgeon we as more of the 64th errol died at spangler the only assisted certain to die, his work was incredible. He left behind wanting toyearold children and grieving wife, who never remarried. Colonel francis mueller, died at sprinkler, Philadelphia City counselor honoring him paid for his funeral he was mortally wounded on july 5th, his brother was killed on july 1st. He was mortally wounded. Surgeon nelson jones died at spangler after being hit in both legs by a cannonball in a Peach Orchard. He was 20 or 21. Private george next 73 ohio, died at spangler hell become the great grandfather of richard and nixon. George nixon was four years old when he entered the army, on a rental farm, left behind wife and nine children when he went off to war, probably only in the state just for the money. If you look at his investment photo, agency and first lieutenant, age 21, 157 new york, died of a lead wound at spangler. Theres price walked next to restructure what he was being carried to the hospital, for amputation, just to protect them from the hot sun. First lieutenant thomas wheeler, 75th ohio, age 25, spent almost a month at sprinkler before he died wounds, left growing, and arm. His parents were kneeling at his side, as he was dying, enters price saying to him as he died. Many died, from the 11th Court Hospital, with a low source of income for their parents back home. Many died at spangler as teenagers, or one or one day before their family members arrived. More men lived venn died at spangler. Captain alfred eat lee, had a hip wound, he made it home, he found his obituary in the newspaper, but he walked in on his funeral captain frederik was a bit of a celebrity, ad spangler. Thats what he got the Summer Kitchen with armistead, because of his famous author mom. He was hit in the head, he survived, he left spangler on july 15th, he got on a boat route south america, to san francisco, and he was never heard from again. Barr low spent a week at spangler with numerous wounds, that doctors claimed to be mortal, but hes surprised all of them, and lift. It was fought but his wife arabella attended him at spangler some. She died in 1864 of typhoid fever, from constant work and exposure to illness. Corporal james roundly, 134th, suffered gunshot wounds at the brickyard, one of which broke four ribs. He survived. If you combine the number of wounded that were treated at the 11th Court Hospital, and the First Division, second core hospital, there were probably 20 550,000 men treated, on george and relies Spangler Farms but. I think we have time to do the doctors. The surgeons at sprinkler or the best the best at the time, they saved far more lives, than i lost. Just like the soldiers, they suffered and sacrificed greatly during the war. I dug up the names of 15 hand surgeons who work at the 11th core hospital, most of them went on to leadership roles and medicine, and community, after the war. Including doctor henry van erin, won a 54th you are, a passionate one for civil rights for black people, and said god will graces all, thiss constitution. He was also involved in treating armistead, he went home, out of the army in 1860, four by confederate, put in prison, he filed for pension, after that, and he was denied because he was no longer in the army. Spangler surgeon britain, became professor at the university of pennsylvania, and noted anthropologist, especially concerning the american indians, writing more than 20 books. He said, i am leaving spangler on july 5th, its a great feeling of intense relief, i got my orders to leave this place, the crisis have been resounding in my ears for days. Doctor jacob cantwell, 82nd ohio was wounded 13 months before gettysburg, where his brother was killed, 11 months before gettysburg. Doctor henry, hundred 54 pennsylvania, was taken prisoner, held for four weeks chancellorsville, became ill still the whole time he worked, at spangler he was ill the whole time he was transferred, and he died not long after the war at age 45. Doctor Robert Harvard was one of the surgeons in charge at sprinkler, he went on to serve the general assembly. 11th core wounded need to be sent a way, to finally, on august 7th, after five weeks three days, we spanglers got the farm back. Most