Around the country, mix of practice areas from construction to commercial to tort to business to criminal law, and our charge is to put together a small selection of the very best cutting edge interesting programs we can at the aba annual meeting every year. Fall of 2018, we started with 50 submissions. We looked for those that would be the most special, most exceptional, and we were lucky to have a proposal from the science and Technology Section and our moderator, heather raptor entitled shaping our future, Top Tech Company lawyers on innovation and social responsibility. And it was an easy choice for us to include. The program wasnt planned as all womens panel. Just happened to work out that way. We have so many amazingly top talented women gcs in the Tech Community in the bay area and elsewhere that it naturally fell together. Were lucky to have this group for us today. Few housekeeping notes, heather covered one of them. Cle materials are available in the app. Second, please turn your cell phone to silent if you havent already. Third, we welcome your feedback in the app. Theres a cle showcase survey. Your comments are appreciated if you can provide them. The moderator, heather raptor, has been providing Legal Services to Digital Media industry over 25 years. Shes a principal at raptor marsh in the bay area, a gc herself, the audio portion of after i did technologies, and she was former chair of science and Technology Section as mentioned before. Heather, youve got an amazing group. Take it away. Thank you, lawrence. Theres some days you have to hold yourself down, breathe deeply, say im so excited. This time has arrived when we have this panel. Little bit of background, i might embarrass someone sitting there, rao combo. He is a leader in the aba generally. Received a lot of awards for helping women and diversity. He is the reason i got involved in the aba. He is also the reason when i decided to put together the panel this year, i reached out to dorian, i believe it is fair to say ray was dorians mentor, dorian daily. Really grateful to him. We have been doing programs on the future of technology, excuse me, and general counsel programs, ray, for how many years . Since 1997 we started with some named roberta cats, whats the future of the internet, we have done cloning, we have done one on nano tech. We had so many phenomenal general counsels joining us. I am so pleased today about who we have. There was some serendipity that it is all female panel, getting dorian to sign on first, also further encouraged that. And it fell into place. For ease of everyone, i will have folks introduce themselves in a minute. Youll see everyones name up there. And the way you can see howhos who, if you dont download the app, but we encourage you to download it, well go by company. Lyft is first. Kristin servicheck. And after kristin, dev from microsoft. And then next up dorian daily from oracle. And always last but not least, so excited, kathy hints from 23 and me to remind us theres biotech and science, not just biotech, the world i know well. The idea from this program you might have read about it in the descriptor, ill briefly go over it, what were trying to achieve today, so it is lyft, microsoft, oracle and 23 and me. Exactly that order. Some of the most transformative Tech Companies shaping the way we think tech and science and biotech, shaping the way we think about privacy and cutting edge legal issues from ai to autonomous driving cars to genetic testing to facial recognition to cyber security. The list is phenomenal. The challenge today is to talk about not just as much as we can can on these topics but how the general counsels contemplate thinking about future technologies and how we should shape regulation and the law. These companies that i mentioned have been leading the way on policies also to encourage diversity in the workplace. In this round table we will explore how tech leaders perceive roles in shaping socially responsible policies, addressing emerging areas of the law, and anticipating future challenges. I very much hope were going to have a lively conversation. Centered around what innovation and Corporate Responsibility really means in 2019 and i hope youre hearing less and less from me and a lot more from the speakers. So when you also, if you download the app, youll find incredible plethora of wonderful information, thank you sigh tech for articles on topics well be talking about. Thank you to the general counsels with us who are social influencers, a new concept for general counsel, many have blogged, many added names to innovative policies that are improving the world. And were going to talk about that. You can see their materials and those of their companies in the annual meeting programs. If you have problems finding those, come to me afterwards. With that, im going to not talk as much and im going to transition. When i was general counsel of a company for 14 years, our biggest challenge was a Company Called digi design. When i started there in 1994 and in 2008, biggest thing the company was grappling with was converting music from and log to digital. I thought it was such a transformative concept, in many ways it was. It led to the whole Digital Content economy, led to questions about digital copying and streaming. But honestly, that seems narrower in scope. Back then it was huge, it changed how we consume content to issues these folks are grappling with. Am i cant wait to hear how they fall asleep at night, how they wake up handling these tasks. Were going to start alphabetically. Kristin, i was thinking about you, special thanks to my son alex that works at lyft and connected us. I keep thinking you started at this company. Give us a little about your background and then im going to ask you a few crazy questions. Sure. Hi, everyone. So nice to be here. Thank you, heather and also so excited to be in this company, really incredible. Little bit of feedback. So i started at lyft almost seven years ago, but my history with the company goes back a few years before that. I was outside Corporate Counsel for the investors and sim ride, lyfts Predecessor Company in 2010 when they raised a million dollars, at the time a huge amount of money for the company, and was really fortunate to take over as outside Corporate Counsel for a few years after that. It was there at the original Board Meeting when the cofounders talked about the ridesharing concept, the concept was moving this zim ride online car pooling platform to mobile. What do they have to tweak about the Business Model to make it work on mobile. And that moment when all the Board Members swivel their head at me and say is that legal. And my answer was maybe. Laws really werent written for this use case. Transportation laws couldnt have possibly contemplated what was then being talked about. About six months later which was november of 2012 i jumped on board with this crazy Young Company with 30 employees, fuzzy pink mustaches which a lot of locals will remember, didnt know if the company would be around a year. Didnt know if we were going to be legal in one market, san francisco, that we were in at the time. And you know, here we are almost seven years later, a Public Company which was this years big achievement, all over the United States and canada. And so it has been thats a version of an incredible journey. The ipo was very exciting. Were not supposed to brag about our children, but my son worked with her on that. All right. Okay. Dev. Interesting when i talked with dorian about putting together this panel, shes like you must get dev. Shes is not local, shes in redmond, i dont know if they come to Silicon Valley. I pushed and pushed and happen to know devs predecessor, brad myt smith, he was helpful encouragement, well talk about his book later. When you think about microsoft, you probably have no clue, i didnt until i did research, read brads book, about how they have their hand in everything and are really leading the way to think thought fully about technologyin technologies so far in the future, how to get their arms around them, come up with policies, work with other companies and governments. Take it away, best you can, in the few minutes explaining this huge world youre involved in. Ill start quickly. I am the newest general counsel among this group. I have been in my role at microsoft for about 16 months. I was at microsoft 13 years before that, leading the hr legal function. Made a transition from having a role relatively narrow, incredibly deep to jumping into a broad role where there are days, every day you get up, theres something new, it is a different issue. It has been a fantastic transition. Its an interesting time to be general counsel in tech for sure. I wake up every day. The issue is different, but there are some recurring themes. A lot of it are things well talk about here. Its issues where technology is moving so quickly that it is outpacing social dialogue about it, outpacing regulation. Places where i spend time on that, and we are definitely thinking about at microsoft, facial recognition, artificial intelligence, just data handling and privacy, thats fundamental to all our companies. So just look forward to dialogue about it here. Terrific. Thank you. You were the first believer in this program, and when we were trying to figure out who to get, you never gave up and helped assemble this. Thank you very much. Again, i see you taking the leadership role greg used to have. I am dorian daley. Ey. My story is simple. I started at oracle 27 years ago. Ray hired me in the Litigation Group. I was a member of the Litigation Group for many, many years. I ultimately became head of the Litigation Group, oversaw litigation worldwide, and investigations, and in 2007, was asked to be general counsel. It was a relatively easy transition for me. I have been there a long time. I knew the company, i knew the management team, i knew the board. I understood the trajectory of the company and when my predecessor decided to step down and move to another company, another tech company, he did ask me to step in as interim general counsel and said he wanted to recommend that to the then ceo and the president. But he wanted me to agree to it first, said of course, but yall need to make a decision about the general counsel position quickly because it creates disruption within an organization. The next day the president of the Company Called me and said, i remember, i was driving down the peninsula, she was driving up the peninsula, called me on the phone, said i heard dan asked you to be interim general counsel, but larry and i think you should be the general counsel, why make it temporary. We want you to do it. I told her this was the strangest job offer i had ever received in my life. But of course took it because it was it has been an exciting place. Having been in litigation, you get visibility into all of the different areas of practice. So that made it an easy transition as well. I did think gosh, i do so much for them with litigation, i have my hands in so many Different Things, how much more difficult and challenging can it be. It can be more difficult and challenging. But at the same time, incredibly exciting, incredibly fun, fantastic team that im proud of. Some people have been there since before i was there, a lot of new people we brought on, and i think were up for the new challenges. As we develop new technologies, as new technologies emerge, figure out how to enhance them, use them for customers, and at the same time do exactly what customers want us to do, which is drive their success, their businesses and their security. So it has been a wild ride. Really exciting and interesting one. Im still having fun. Thank you. All right, kathy, this summer my mother decided to give us all genetic dna testing kits. She got something on groupon, i dont want to mention what were using, but it led to a lot of personal questions i had about do i want to know about that as i get on in years, do i want to know if certain genetic diseases like alzheimers might be in my future, parkinsons. I dont want to talk about it, do i want my kids putting their information out there. I did reading on the topic, came to the conclusion im glad i dont have your job because it is a hard one. Then when we spoke on the phone, i loved how thoughtfully you approached it, what your no road. It was a physics based company. Everything came out of physics and they along with Hewlett Packard were ph. D. Students that worked on the war effort at stanford. When that ended, stanford essentially enabled those folks if they wanted to start companies, gave them cheap ground leases. Thats why we have page node road. It is the first time i worked in tech or biotech. I knew nothing about physics. I would go to stanford and Berkeley Library to find physics for dummies to learn about it. But i found myself motivated x oh tech. I have been in biotech since then. They make linear accelerators for cancer treatment, thats regulated by the fda, but i went from there to an hiv company where i was general counsel, Public Company, called monogram, and from there i went to genomic health, a Cancer Company in the same space. Then in november of 2013, 23 and me got what is probably the most red warning letter fda has ever given to anyone about the genetic test being sold to consumers. I goltt a call whether i was ta to the founder and ceo of 23 and me. I said sure, i wasnt planning on doing anything other than talking to her, and started that conversation. She asked me if i would do it. My Immediate Reaction was no, but ill help you. But then as i started calling people, talking to them about what the opportunity i saw was, which was that because 23 and me had gotten that warning letter, they had no choice unless they wanted to sell or go out of business except to forge a path that nobody else had forged, then i, myself had been part of several years about how you take information like that and fit it into a regulatory pathway thats largely about physical devices, and the risks that come from things that act on the body as opposed to inflammation, and so after a few months i called her back, i said you know, i said to my husband, i said as i am describing this, i think i might be actually interested in this. I called her back, said might have changed my mind, i might want to do it. She said great, i have been waiting for you to figure that out. So i joined. So it has been a little more than five years. And the first order of business obviously was to address the fda. And we do have five fda clearances, and were the only people that do. And to do that, we essentially had to prove that people could understand the information, which is a really interesting thing to do. And then we have that, we have a novel regulatory path, and we do have consumer issues, data privacy issues, Data Security issues, and all kinds of things that come out of really doing something that is novel, but we think is transformative in terms of the way people look at themselves and the way they might be able to become empowered around knowing what their disease risks are, and mitigating those things, finding out about that before it actually happens. You have a lot more opportunity with some of the things, if you find out earlier. So i was wondering after hearing introductions if there were common themes about how these women, these are role models, going to talk more about technology, i wanted to take a second and just acknowledge that each of you really had to think hard and decide to take on a very big job leading to unknown nery big job leading to unknown i want to applaud you for doing that. I dont know if i would have had the courage to take on a job as big as you guys did. Thank you, it makes me feel comfortable knowing youre leading the way. I just wonder since it is an all woman panel if any of you thought, you know, im going to my son gave me a book, alex, which was like just remember, i cant remember the title, youre a bad ass, theres a book out about that, you can do this. Sometimes when im finding i need incentive, i read that book and think hey, im also doing this to show other women that this is possible. Im curious if that was ever part of your thinking to give you that extra courage to take on these big jobs. Well, i know for me, so i interestingly, kathy, i first said no to the job when it was offered. I had gotten to know the cofounders as outside counsel, and i liked my job as outside counsel. I wasnt looking to go inhouse. But they were pretty persistent. Sounds like exactly in the same way anne was. But i was definitely nervous about taking on this role. I had only ever been done private financing transactions, i had never been inhouse before, certainly never been in general counsel before, i was on the earlier side of my career. I knew that the competitors in the space were hiring people as gc with many more Years Experience than i had. So i was concerned that i wasnt going to be able to live up to what the role required. And i was actually pretty open with the cofounders about the concerns, and they just were like sort of brushed them off, like no, we worked with you a few years, we know what your capabilities are, it will be fine. Yeah. And so i just had to take that at face value, dive in. It has been interesting, over now the course of close to seven years, which feels like 50 years in lyft time, that i outlasted many other gcs at Competitive Companies and other folks. And i have taken the company through the life cycle at this point. I actually just did have to be really sort of sang win and long term focused, little healthy belief in myself. But of course i had all of the doubts taking this job. Although one thing i will say, when i took my job, it wasnt the big job it is today, it was a job for a company that had less than 20 million in funding and 30 employees, might not be around in a year. So i could kind of i knew that the success of the company wasnt going to rise or fallen tie fall entirely with me. There was a lot had to come together, it wasnt just on my shoulders before we move to substantive topics, wonder if the rest of you had a few thoughts. Seems like the importance of mentors, right, people that believe and trust in you, and then i suspect also having people who support you as you rise up, right . Yeah. I think for me a couple of things. One, brad smith has been a phenomenal mentor and supporter of mine. Brads book, he sent me a manuscript, has been so supportive. Well talk about that later. My experience has been a little different. I sat down the hall from him a long time, he has been a supporter. Our cfo, amy hood, has been a profound inspiration for me. I have sort of a structure around me, and wasnt stepping into a new company, i was stepping into a bigger world that was very, very different, but it was i think a little bit of a more natural easier transition. Background except securities litigation, he said of course you should do this, i told my father, his response was, pardon me, it is about god damn time. I didnt have too much hesitation, certainly had no qualms about being a woman in the role. I did as i took on the role see Incredible Opportunity to use my gender in the position to be able to promote more women in the first chair in litigation and outside counsel teams to make sure we had diverse groups in outside counsel teams. I thought that was terrific opportunity. And i would say i also reached out to a number of mentors, particularly on the technical issue i was going to be dealing with, which was very helpful, but i talked to kim pop vits, then ceo at genomic health, and her story of coming there, i said the story how you decided to leave and go take a risk on genomic health, i think i should do this. It was great to have a woman ceo that had been through about that. I did think about, reflect on where i was at in terms of family responsibilities, and i think if my son had been younger than he was at the time, i dont think i would have done it because i did know that i was going to be traveling back and forth constantly to d. C. , to other places like london to deal with regulators, and i dont think i would have necessarily done it. So it is not so much, for me it wasnt a gender issue as sort of what is the state of my family and can i really take on the stress, the travel, the hours at this point. And i was fortunate in terms of support i had at home from my husband and the other people who help us and our extended family, chosen family if you will, to be able to do that. That may be something that women may pause a little more about than men in these roles. But i think increasingly thats probably something we all think about in terms of where that time in your life, whether or not you can make some of those commitments. Thank you for sharing that background. I think it is inspiring to so many of us. Now were going to delve into the substantive issues. We have been promising or threatening to talk about. We did several planning calls on this. And the theme that emerged most were going to try to see if it is a theme that resonates with all our panelists is a theme of evolving Technology May be ahead of public discourse, even the awareness of whats possible with these technologies, and were going to talk about it might even be ahead of the scope in most cases, you cases, you mentioned this, kristin, of regulation and laws. As we talk about areas of expertise and the substantive new areas, we will get lessons on how they grappled with these topics. I think i will start in this order. It is easier for me to remember. Kristin, i dont even understand how you can even you started off where lyft was a rideshare company. We didnt have to hail taxes. We had an app and could somebody to pick us up. You are thinking about the future of mobility in a broad sense. As i was preparing questions i was like, what crazy questions come across your desk and how do you go about thinking about them. I mean, someone going to come into your office and say, hey, can we start having rideshare with flying cars . You gave me a story about sweepstakes question, which was really off the wall. If you could give us insight into the Fun Questions that come your way. I suppose are also very challenging. Yeah, so, being in a very publicfacing and consumerfacing brand, you know, the Marketing Team is a big component of the work that my team does. Generates a lot of questions for us. So, you know kind of on the more fun side, one of the things i shared with heather was the fact that we get the craziest ideas for promotions. In fact at one point, some folks i think up in the seattle office, so this would have been near you guys, but, came to us and said we want to run a sweepstakes for riders and we want to send five people skydiving top. How do we grapple with the liability issue . It is mobility, not really relevant to our product though. And while we pride ourselves very much of being a creative team, a team of solutions oriented. This was one of those very easy nos. We couldnt see the benefit from a marketing perspective out weighing the crazy potential liable associated with this. On a more serious note, in terms of product development, we are really embedded with the product team at several, several people on my team are constantly iterating, and this can be anything from new modes on the platform to thinking about issues that are tied to autonomous vehicles, our recent bikes and scooter launches, which are very different than historical issues lyft has had, as a primary online matching platform. Now with are dealing with tangible realworld assets. Different regulations. Really, the ground we have to cover on my team on a daily basis, it never slows down, it just picks up. We try to work with people to make things work and that means having extremely creative solutionsoriented attorneys on the team. Do you work outside . Do you ever pick up the phone and call, excuse me for the u word, folks at uber, should we be working together on. Policy issues. A Product Launch thats sensitive were not going to talk to our biggest competitor about that. Certainly throughout the years when weve specially in the early days of ridesharing when we were looking to launch in different markets, we had had a friendlier relationship with uber because its very helpful for a new and Disruptive Technology to show regulators that what youre doing isnt all that crazy. The big job was going in and talking collaboratively with regulators and explaining what we were doing, why it wasnt a brave new world, why it was a natural extension of what already happened with an overlay of safety. That was allowed by the technology. So its been again very iterative over the years. As we talk about transformative technologies, how many of you have used lyft . A large show of hands. Im not going to ask about the other company. How many of you used rideshare generally . It has transformed my life. When i go to a country where it is not available, i am like, what do i do . But we are about to see a lot of changes scooters, autonomous vehicles. Looking at the future, lyfts Corporate Mission is to improve peoples lives as the world best transpor fashion. I have appreciated that it is a broad mission. It was never just about ridesharing, it is about mobility in general. When i have outside counsel asking, why do you want to go into bikes and scooters . This is a different line of business. For me, it felt natural because it was an obvious extension of that Corporate Mission. A car is not always the best way to get from point a to point b. Hopefully well have time to talk about social philanthropy and corporate philosophy because one of the missions of lyft is to make the world a greener place. We can do ridesharing and scooters to eliminate the need for large parking garages and have greener places on the planet. Hopefully we will get to that later. Dev, i told you i was going to embarrass you. In this book, coming out soon, tools and weapons, the president of microsoft gave me an advance copy, it is called the promise and the peril of the digital age. I had the privilege of going to college and law school with brad. This book covers i was surprised this book came out we envisioned this panel. We were thinking along the lines of these topics. His quote about, dev, which i love, he wrote, during a typical week at microsoft, its not unusual to find dev, our general counsel, spending part of her time working with people on projects that seek to look around corners to get ahead of looming problems and controversies, so, when dev and i prepared in advance for this call we decided she could not speak about every corner she looked around and every looming problem and every controversy and i think that youre going to talk a little bit about facial recognition. Yeah, i need to figure out exactly what it is. I think its a good thing that he wrote. Facial recognition is a great example of a lot of things that are probably thematic across our Biggest Challenges today. You think about facial recognition, added space theres a ton of promise. I expect many people here have iphones and you can look at the face i. D. It logs you in. Its convenient and more secure than a passwords. Theres lots of promise with that technology but it has developed very rapidly and we started talking publicly about it a year or two ago and nobody was talking about it. We couldnt figure out why. People were saying, why is this a conversation for you . Fast forward to now and it is becoming more of a conversation. But i dont think the social dialogue has caught up with the issues and certainly regulation hasnt. I think there are some unique features about facial recognition as a policy issue that are very informative. One is, it is an emerging technology where it doesnt always get things right. If you think about the challenges of the technology, it is things like bias. Facial recognition is taught on data sets and the data that is fed in is how facial recognition learns. One of the early challenges is, if you look at publicly available datasets for faces, a lot of them work white male faces, so facial recognition didnt work as well identifying minorities and women. Depending on how it is used, what i can do is create bias which is harmful. Thinking how that technology might be used, is it far enough along that we are comfortable with those uses . You think about some mass survey vance issues, where the technology isnt there yet. Figuring out if theres not regulation, how do we selfregulate, that makes our technologies are being used in the right way. I saw summary in the book, you wrote about the key topics, you hear these topics so vast accountable, nondiscrimination, consent, lawful surveillance, so, i think microsoft from what i have read has done an amazing job of trying to get out ahead of these issues. Youve been working with other companies, correct . Yeah. To come up with some basic rulings and structure and talking with governments. A really great example of where were better together. We can come and do our best, you know, attempt at a first pass on principals. Our goal is to proposed regulation is the minimal viable product. Lets figure out what are the guardrails are and the guide posts. If we can Work Together across industry, work with Civil Society as well, if we put our Heads Together and think about it well probably come to a better result. Okay, such good questions to ask all of you. Well get to the next two. Dorian did a very good job of reminding me how much oracle expanded since i visited oracle with ray. How many acquisitions have you done recently . About 150, 160. Oracle is no longer just about being a database stored in the cloud. The question i have for you about the enormity of the job and the scope of what oracle is doing, if you can talk a little bit, where do you perceive the threats coming from. How is that for a small question . Yeah, sure. Okay. Youre storing all the data that Everyone Wants access to, whats the biggest threat, dorian. Let me first say, i thought that there were a really important things that they mentioned. Part of our jobs and our success is built on embedding our team with the development organization, so as these issues come up whether they are technical, legal or policy issues or even ethical issues, weve got people that are right there having that discussion with the developers. I think that is critically important. Then, the dialogue with regulators, because i have been doing this for a long time, speaking with regulators, and i dont care what anyone says, they are not always at the forefront of technology. A lot of our job is to educate them on these technologies, and that has been true for a very very long time. Im sure that was true when ray was the general counsel at oracle. It is an ongoing effort to do but in a really helpful kind of way. Where are the threats . They are frankly everywhere. We do believe that the worlds most important data is in oracle databases and there are a host of applications that are oracle applications and other Companies Applications that are helping to utilize that data. It is true that for Government Entities and for banks and for health care companies, there are organizations that want that data for one reason or another. The threats that we hear about a lot, the ones that capture our attention, are the external threats the state actors, the cybercriminals. They exist and theyre very, very sophisticated. So part of our job is to be more sophisticated to develop more Sophisticated Technology than what they are using. That is a lot of what our effort has been over the last many years. Frankly, since our inception, because our first project was for the cia. We are very focused on protecting that data for our customers and of course, for ourselves. But the vast majority of the intrusions, the threats, are internal. They are either somebody simply not changing a password or having a really simple password or an internal actor that is a bad actor. There have to be not just technologies, but processes to be able to combat that. Every company has to have a robust Data Governance structure to be abe to deal with those kinds of threats, as well as using the technology. That is by far really what were hearing from our customers the need to protect their data. We are very, very focused on that. Does oracle have a place where companies can go, trying to get up to speed and get the Lessons Learned . They come to me. We do talk a lot about this. I have been talking a lot about it lately in forums around the world, talking about how you can put together these kinds of structures using what we would do as a model. Dpr example, for years, we have had an oracle Security Oversight Committee chaired by me and one of our ceos and our chief corporate architect, where we bring in the heads of all of the i. T. Organizations on a quarterly basis, and we conduct what i just call a corporate colonoscopy. It can be very unpleasant. If we have identified an issue. We call people in and call them on the carpet. There is a very, very clear direction to everybody within the organization about where the priorities are. That is one aspect of it. I think i gave a speech earlier this year, in kenya at the school of Monetary Policy at the invitation of the commercial bank of kenya, who were embarking on this huge warehousing project. They have very Sensitive Data and weve been working very closely with them. It is great for us to speak to one another. Companies talk to one another about good practices. The technology is really important, too, to focus on, how can prevent the bad actors from getting in and preventing internal resources . And if there is an intrusion, how do you kill it . How do you make your robots better than the other robots . Sounds complex. Should we have confidence . We should are confidence. We should have a degree of confidence. The bad actors are very, very sophisticated and some are extraordinarily wellfunded. So we have to direct our dollars to that. So many of these intrusions are through simple hygiene problems that Companies Often dont think about, the ones we hear in the press most recently. When you say from the government side, can you expand a little bit on that. What do you mean, from the government side . You said we have to approach it from the governance side. We do engage with governments quite a bit on this to explain to them, what is being done in the industry. Here is where some of the collaboration that we all have in industries is really helpful. In some places, theres a sense that theres a lack of care, theres the talk but not really the walk. Thats not the reality. Because we are all have to be responsible to our customers and to our shareholders and they have expectations. So that collaboration amongst companies and with the governance to be able to help educate them into whats possible and what is in process is incredibly important. That is another issue we are touching on, working not just with governments in the u. S. But these are global issues. So, thats a theme that came in loud and clear on our calls. This is perfect segue to you, kathy, should we have confidence. Now that you know, i am telling you you will be getting my dna. Should i have confidence in the safety and security . Absolutely. I dont want Insurance Companies to know, that kind of thing. I think the benefit of 23andme when the company was founded 12 years ago, its mission was to take the scientific developments that had come out of the human genome project, that large u. S. Taxpayers funded, and find out fantastic discoveries about, what was the actual cause of Cystic Fibrosis . Can we make this less likely that somebody will be born with a genetic disease, like genetic counseling and things like that . The information and what we have to do to return a health result, your bcra status, your risk of breast cancer, we have to demonstrate to the fda that we have a 99 positive productive value and a 99 negative Predictive Value with a 95 confidence and we have to had tested that tens of thousands of times. It can be very comfortable with there is a combination. We do security from the standpoint the same way banking works. Myself, our marketing folks come our security folks will read a press articlened then i read an email, we dont email your results. You have to put in your security credentials into your account just like you do with your banks that will marry your personal information to the genetic file. We keep the databases separate to keep them protected. So that even if theres hacking event the chance that someone can hack both and remarry those databases is obviously what were aiming at protecting. But we have to go further than that. Because the power of your Genetic Information is part of the power is sharing that information. If you do find out you have a genetic risk of a disease you do want to talk to your physician about it. We have to give Additional Information of what people should talk about. If you go and get tested by your doctor you might find these things out as well. That prevents employers and health Insurance Companies from using Genetic Information to make a diskrcriminatory employmt or Health Insurance did situation. But if you put it on facebook, im not sure that you can be really confident that somebody wouldnt use your information. We have to tell people those types of things as well, because they have to take some responsibility in terms of how they share their information. The other thing that people can do with their Genetic Information is share it to build up a large family trees. We dont do that, but they will share their raw data online with others to do that. And we give people information about doing that and we basically tell them, a reminder, it is like a flashing warning, you are taking your information outside of our secure system. You have to check the security of doing that. You have to be aware that it is not going to be protected. You are publicly sharing the information. There are consequences to that. There are many Different Things that go into giving people the security that they can make, they can opt to buy the product and use it in the way they want to, but also giving them cautions and warnings about some of the other things they have to then, because this is genetics, and fundamentally, you share this with the people you are related to, your children, your brothers, your sisters and parents and cousins, all of that, you have to be thoughtful about not making a decision for other people. You might want to know or not whether you have a risk of alzheimers. We give you a lot of supportive tools and making that decision. But we dont want you necessarily to go and share that with your family members without considering whether they would make a different decision. I think we have a good balance. There is a lot of educational content in the result. Most of it is educational content around, before you see an alzheimers result, for example, you have to have bought the product. You have to register and say, yes, i want health results. For the most serious results, bcra genes, alzheimers risk is one of them, parkinsons a risk, for those you have to go through an education module and opt in to see the result. We know that there are different considerations, and we want people to thoughtfully select the information that they want, but as part of that we also tell them its great that you have made the decision you have made, but leave it up to other people to make that decision for themselves. Yes. I think on one of our calls, you talked about the issues of privacy, you talked about the right to choose and transparency. As you said, my brother can make decisions that impact me or i might find information out relatives that i didnt know not to say my family is unique in that area. So far that doesnt happen. It opens up all these enormous issues. People thought they anonymously put a child up for adoption, or a sperm donor, the whole world has changed in ways never anticipated. If you think back 50 years ago in the 1960s, it if you had a family with cancer, most likely the physicians told you not to tell the patient. The patient didnt know and they werent told what their actual prognosis was. Cut to today, that would be probably really rare and very uncomfortable for people to do, but that same thing existed around fertility treatments. In the 1960s, people were told they used sperm donations, they were told not to tell the child. That has medical consequences because people dont know what their ethnicity might be, or their actual parentage, and so when they go to tell a doctor what their Family Health history is, they are giving inaccurate information. But that luckily has changed. But there is definitely a generational situation where we do have people who will find out that their dad in medical school was a sperm donor. Theyll find out, wait a minute, how can i have all these halfsiblings . This isnt possible. In some of those situations, the parent is still alive and they have a conversation about it. In other situations, the parent is not alive and you can surmise, and we have Customer Care folks who help people with this, was your father a medical student . A p. H. Ph. D. Student at a university known to have done fertility treatments in the 1950s or 1960s . It is easy for us to read the tea leaves as to the likely situation. But it can come as a surprise in that situation. I can only imagine the stories that you hear about on a daily basis. The ethical standards that exist now, there are limits. If someone is using fertility treatments, they are now told the child should be told they are donorconceived and there is not such shame in hiding that information. There are ways to prepare people for that. There are also limits. They wont let a sperm donor create 150 siblings. The ethical standards and those standards have developed over time, so there are cases that, decades ago, were more extreme. 23 and me developed the technology and then they developed the educational framework around it. They also emphasized the concept of personal responsibility as well. I think thats something we all think about. Theres a lot that we do but we cant forget about that personal responsibility. We hear a lot from folks, the concepts of security and privacy and yet, as you mentioned, maybe something gets put on their facebook page. Be thinking about this in a deeper sense and a more holistic sense. I want a segue to personal responsibility. One of the themes ties on social responsibility versus the bottom line of your company. One thing i was thinking about as you were talking was, i havent run this question by you, so, sorry. Is there a technology you developed internally and you think, we are not ready to release this yet, it is just not the time . It is too transformative, we havent gotten our arms around the impact. We could be talking about artificial intelligence, robotics, mapping the world, whatever it is. I was curious, do you ever think, we will release that but hold off on it because it is far ahead of its time and the law . The question is, is it ready and have we developed the right framework for it . Because everyone loves transformative technologies. Your customers want that. Shareholders want that. The question is a different one. Is it really ready . Are you going to deploy some sort of medical robotics tool thats not quite ready . That would be a disaster. Youre going through and you are doing all of the testing with the technology and you have a confidence that its ready and you developed a framework around it. Thats what we focus on. I would totally agree. For me, that becomes most real when we think about the future of autonomous vehicles. That will be a Massive Decision for the Good Companies working on this technology. How do you make sure the cybersecurity is robust enough . That will ultimately by think that determines the time line of autonomous driving becoming ubiquitous. I also think it is not just the technology but also the use cases. Is the Technology Far enough along and are there the right controls, regulatory or standards . Seeing around corners. I would agree. Dorian said it well. We rely on scientific development. Theres a long trajectory in terms of proving out the science that underlies what were going to return to folks. Part of that is how do you then make sure that the customer whos going to buy it, buys the right product for themselves and uses it safely and so you have to have we have to have a pretty long trajectory and pretty high confidence in the science before we release a new product. That enables you to use that time to develop the other support systems that you might need and to vet that and think through those things. By the time its ready scientifically you had the opportunity to realize how its going fit in, are the doctors going to be prepared . A risk identifier, are the physicians prepared to help those folks . Can they do anything with that information . Okay, our last half hour, ill do more rapidfire questions to encourage you all to agree or disagree. Privacy, have we struck the right balance . No. I will give you a better answer. It depends on where you are and what situation you are in. It is very fluid. One thing that we can probably all agree on, we can gdpr is here to stay and we can can vetch all we want to get it in place and keeping it updated. The fact of the matter is, it has helped in many ways to create discipline, not within our legal teams, but within the entire organization that were responsible for. It is no longer a matter where privacy is the domain of the legal team or even the i. T. Team its everybody everybody has a responsibility and some of that actually is because of the structure that gdpr created. And so it will remain fluid as more countries develop their own laws. Some are very much modeled it on it. Some go beyond what gdpr does. Some are still considering here in the United States, its a bit of a mess. Weve got no uniform law. In california, its quite difficult. So, when i say, you know, depende, its very difficult to manage all of these when you have a Global Company to do the right thing. We have programs in place, we have the people in place and we have to recognize its a fluid situation. We need to stay on top of it. What has been most interesting for me for the course of my role, is just seeing the evolution of how publicly we think about privacy and how that translates into the differences in the work. Because youre very right. When i i started at lyft we had our Privacy Policy in place. We had to make sure it was consistent with likeminded companies. We were being honest and transparent about what we said that we did. And now you have Regulatory Framework and that is a different place to be in. And that has been useful in terms of having the business at large understanding the importance of privacy. It is scary to imagine that we could be in a position in a few years where we have 50 states patchwork of regulations and laws. Im hopeful that there will be standards created that we can all agree on, minimal viable product right now. Right now, its i think its raised the tide for all companies in a positive way. What youre talking about, too, an area were all talking with regulators across the globe. Were talking individually and were talking through associations so that when the time comes, the time will come when theres a federal framework and it will make sense. It will be helpful. That is a good area where we have worked together. I suspect we would all agree that the longterm success of the tech sector or the science sector is really going to require trust as it relates to privacy and security. Its really existential to all of us. And you know, its a little bit like i was saying with facial recognition, just a couple years ago nobody was talking about it. With privacy, a little longer. Ten years ago, at least in the u. S. , consumers werent very focused on it. But now, you know, one of the things that we did in the week of gdpr is to say, well extend data subject rights to people globally. The interesting thing we saw, as we look at our data now, the people who are exercising their rights more than europeans are the americans. In the u. S. , we have more inquiries about individual data subjects than we do in europe. What that says to me is that it matters to people here in the u. S. In a way well continue to see that. I think thats changed. I think the general public consensus has just changed within the last five years. I think maybe its because we have become so saturated. Any time you go online, you have to make a decision. Do i consent to the cookie policy . I want to go back and do it the oldfashioned way where i give my email address. Now, wait a second, i think im giving away too much. Kathy, do you want to quickly mention your approach to privacy. My first attorney i hired when i joined 23 and me was a privacy attorney. For us, privacy we dont do any kind of click ad or anything like that work but we do research. We actually do separate from the sell of the product we do huge amount of research. We need to get consent. Were fortunate in the sense that because weve always known that it was a medical product and it had a, you know, that as its mission, weve looked to the office of Human Subject Research protection and we have an external we were the first in our industry to tell people about Law Enforcement requests for data. These are in the materials. It was important to us to get the industry to rally around that and to work with Consumer Groups and now as we deal with the legislators on the state and federal basis were trying to educate them, whats going on is coming out of the click terms of service, con default consent people into things. Its a little bit of, you know, kind of threading the needle to make sure that it gets put in place does understand there are consented research situations. But its a huge aspect. Its probably the thing our customers, second only to looking at the product spend the most time looking at is what we do say about privacy. Youve been modest. You put together the overall policy. We put together with others in the industry and Consumer Group called the future of privacy forum, we did bring together several of the other folks in the industry and got people to sign on to industry standards, which we are using. Many people in the industry are using. So that people can have confidence and consistent information and they can make an informed choice about, a, do they buy a product, and if they do, what product do they buy and what does that mean . I think the legislation of gdpr if anything has been helpful because its helped set a standard and hopefully, we can get to a federal standard as well. At the moment, with 35 or so states looking at individual legislations and each has a separate flavor to it, if you will. That will be very confusing to consumers. I think thats a theme on this panel. I know that oracle and microsoft have bonded together to come up with agreements on certain policies that are forwardedthinking . I hope i have this right. This cross Collaboration Among Companies is something thats different themed than in the darker ages when i was a general counsel and its very knew. Working together and anticipating the need of shared vision on policies the way to go. A bit contraryian. On that. I think whats different is that were all talking about it more now. But in fact, we have been working together for a really long time on a number of issues. Broadly Technology Related but they might relate and i trust policy, privacy, commercial issues anticorruption issues weve been doing that a long time either directly or through various Industry Associations were just bringing that to the forefront now how much were doing that. I think in part because we want we want regulators, we want the public to know that we may in competition. We compete with microsoft. You know, a good deal. Right . Were also partners, we also have a very, very strong partnership. We want people to understand you can compete but you can collaborate and collaborate really, really effectively and i think weve done that for a while. We used to have Silicon Valley association. Wed talk quietly. Now its wonderful to see youre really influencers. Youre not just behind the scenes youre really you got blogs coming out, you took the lead on this Privacy Policy. Dorian, i read some of your writings and were going to talk a little bit about your role. I know youre not the number one person but you signed on to this diversity policy and so what i love is that these outstanding general counsel are not only thinking about representing their companies on emerging technologies but broader social issues. If youd talk about that. Sure. So, last i dont know december tamefriem, the new York Law Firm got a bit of attention for its incoming partner case which was overwhelmingly white male. I think there was woman out all of the elected partners and people rightly called them to task for, how could they possibly have a lack of such diversity in terms of race, ethnicity, gender, et cetera, in terms of the partnership of that firm especially given the demographics of people graduating from law school today . Roughly 50 female. And michelle whogathered togetha group of about 170 general counsel and signed on to this letter, basically demanding that that law firms staff according to general principles of diversity and inclusion and as dorian mentioned earlier, you know, one of the things that were able to do in our roles is actually, i think, positively influence societal change to the extent that we believe diversity is important in terms of our Legal Services providers and for me, i can say without stopping to think a second that it absolutely important. Were working on cuttingedge technologies. We need people from a diversity of backgrounds, looking around corners, proactively identifying different issues. Its very similar to that facial Recognition Technology point, where the data point is all white male youre missing the broader picture. This is the same thing when youre talking to your outside counsel. You want a diversity of background, diversity of subject matter to be able to better understand actually what are the challenges that youre facing and so i was very proud to sign on to this letter and very inspired actually by michelle, really putting a positive foot forward. Shes done ton of speaking on the topic since then. Im really proud of her being a leader in this capacity. For me its always been important internally at lyft. I was glad to get public attention. A nod to ray here, 27 years ago when i joined oracles Litigation Team he had included in the retention letters a requirement that diverse background has to be included on the team. Over the years, it evolved. The teams have been incredibly diverse. Most of my trial teams have women in the lead. All of the Compliance Partners i work with in compliance investigations, they are all women in the lead. Ray, such a long time ago really set a standard, i think, and although i didnt sign on to the letter, nobody asked me to, its something that we have been doing for a very, very long time. And whats really interesting it began with a male general counsel who recognized how important it is. It underscores the importance of having allies on the issues of diversity. Zbri would definitely agree. I was on a panel a few months ago with a general counsel who is a white male, he said, you we were talking about this issue. You can all tell im a white male thats why its critically important for me to talk about diversity and inclusion. This is not a womens issue, this is not a black issue. This is everybodys issue. This really resonated with me. This is an issue that everybody should care about. This dialogue, it gave me she rivers. To develop technologies the work force, the technologies recognize the diversity of faces, whatever it is, its fantastic that these topics are becoming aligned. Like privacy, were getting shorter on time, any thoughts on how we define diversity . Are we doing pretty well . Are there are pockets a topic near and dear to mine. One of my children is part of the lgbt community. I am delighted we have all women on this panel but we are not representing ethnic diversity. I signed on to the letter as well. An amazing email chain that a number of us participate in. And there were great discussions about it because it wasnt just the fact that it i think there were i think there are 12 or 13 people. Everyone included the one woman apparently caucasian from looking at the headshots, good discussions about what we couldnt tell their orientation. We got a lot of engagement. I got a lot of letters and calls and things like that from folks from law firms talking about the diversity they have. I think for all of our companies, companies focus quite a bit on diversity. Theres no question we still have a long way to go. You know, we spend a lot of time recruiting female engineers and have really improved in that area. My department out of the ten lawyers in my legal department, four of us are caucasian. The other six are africanamerican, asian or identify more as one race, it took time to get there. But our people team was really a partner for us and the whole company. What it took for us which i think was really eyeopening, just to make sure that we were seeing a diversity of candidates at the front end. Thats where the issue is. Like, if you just opened your filter and make sure you got a diversity, a rems of diversity of the people youre going to interview, the rest people will shine and it comes through and youll hire people, you find out that you end up with a diverse team. There are tools, there are actually tools that you can use to try to make sure your pipeline is more has more diverse candidates. We started using this a couple of years ago and were really excited about it. I heard this woman speak at a c. H. I. P. Summit and the possibilities are really pretty cool in terms of what else you can do with the technology. Thats been helpful. Opening where you start to recruit at law schools that have, you know, very, very diverse student bodies and really try to focus efforts there. I think theres a lot we can do. We can work with our outside law firms. Many have set up diversity committees. They define diversity quite broadly like we do. We share what were doing, they share with us. And we want to get to what work and i think the dialogue is getting more complex around intersectionalty, you can think about diversity, gender diversity, people with disabilities, as sort of these sort of solid groups that sit in a silo, but youre missing a lot when you dont think how they come together to create unique and challenging experiences for people. That conversation has been really constructive. I love how this dialogue has continued evolve as the world becomes more diverse and more wonderfully complex. So, hats off to all of you for what youre doing in that area. Okay, the final ten minutes, this is an aba panel. I think im going to ask your thoughts, maybe well get one case mention, one regulation, so if each of you could just think about to share with everyone here, a little bit more reading materials, some aspect of the law that you think we should all focus on so were wiser and smarter. A big question, i know, but this is the American Bar Association for lawyers. Okay. Oh, my gosh. The job of the general counsel to be a jack of all trades. Maybe thats a good answer. Where do you get your information. Gosh, ill give a substantive answer. To that point, i dont know about you, but a lot of the beginning of my day is filled with catching up on everything thats happened. I read a lot of articles and have to constantly stay on pace on whats going on. Reading various tech publications. Both law and businessoriented to make sure im the best counsellor i can be. Whats most important for us is something that we all touched upon quite a bit here, whats the future of privacy regulation legislation . Because if it is going to be different in 50 stateses thats going to be problematic for our company, lyft. Its keeping a pulse on and making sure we have people engaging at the federal level and major states laws. Okay, ill go next. I would pick a statute thats probably less relevant broadly to the group but more whats emblematic for, an area that we havent talked about but something ive been focused on digital safety content med ration especially in the wake of the christchurch shootings in new zealand. Australia passed a law about platforms to take violent content down. There are a couple of things that i think are notable about it. How quickly it pass and there wasnt the typical engagement and typical kind of comment period, postsomething passing, it with effective within five days of when it passed. I was flying to australia to talk to the government about the law. By the time i landed it was to be effective the next day. The rapid pace when those kinds of issues happen that legislation can be in place, it is a good example of why we should be engaged in the dialogue. Was the legislation good . I think that there are aspects of it that are trying to address the right things. Without that dialogue and really understanding how impractical telling nothing works together. The second thing about it, though, the penalties and something were seek more and more. It carries criminal penalties. Er the tech executives to the extent people arent able to take content down less than 30 minutes. You just think about the import of a statute like that and i think its goods willon for us. I thought about this question and i thought about the kinds of things we are dealing with now. Probably its gdpr and really understanding that and understanding all of the progeny and Everything Else that is happening globally. It touches everything that we do right now and our customers are intensely interested in it. Ccpa yes. Is that different. It continues to evolve. I think there are now 16 bills that theyre contemplating to make even better and so absolutely. Just when we think we are getting our arms around one its evolving and i think takes up a tremendous amount of mind sharing, all of the lawyers, people in development, its really front and center. Not to take, you know, were very, very focused on that. Not take our eye off the ball on other big issues that corporations deal with. Anticorruption statutes. Antitrust issues. Those are still there. And taking our eye off the ball of that would be a very, very dangerous thing. Trade, huge. So. I would agree on gdpr, even if youre not a together lawyer, read it. Its a really well architected framework. It applies to employees as well. Not just about your customers. Something thats been largely missed in the u. S. Because it applies to eu citizens. Though, it can apply to your eu citizen employees regardless of where they live and i think in that vein, i look at a lot of the health tech issues, but i think broadly at the moment because of our legislative process is so gummed up, you can look to the eu. It was something that put into place, it passed a couple of years ago. It will be fully effective in 2022. It requires a huge step up for medical testing that hasnt previously regulated. While our government is not working very quickly on the legislative front the eu process, because its multicultural, multicountry process with the Member States they tend to have a lot of legislative history. It may take three years for something to pass, when it does pass it has penalties in there and has entire framework and a grandfathering period. I think theyre going to increasingly take the lead and were going to see regulation that well ultimately then that will trigger off regulation in the u. S. Just as gdpr did around privacy. All of the a sudden, if these u. S. Companies can do this for european citizens why wouldnt we do it for u. S. Citizens . You can look at some of the precedents that are coming out of the eu and think about whether or not those are things that are going to ultimately end up in our legal code as well. I would say, for me, i dont know if i mentioned part of the Boutique Firm rafter and marsh, stanford has a wonderful Digital Economy best practices conference. Ill end this with a quote from that. New book by brad smith that i mentioned. Tools and weapons, that talks about the promise and the perils of the digital edge and lays out a lot of the themes that we talked about from microsofts per second tif, but i think its an excellent book and well balanced and the American Bar Association, we cant forget about the aba, the materials contain a lot of good articles on the topics that we talked about. Get active in the tremendous s information and theres many ways to get active. Happy to talk about it. Im going to end this with a chance for you guys to finish up on whatever topic. Heres my lead off. At this stanford conference, the Digital Committee conference theres a quote i love and it said the consensus was this is a very challenging time to be a General Council given the tech backlash a and the lack of clarity in the Privacy Security law. Agree . Yeah. We have unanimous consent on that one. I think people that have been in General Council say its been challenging for a long time. Theres something in the tech background but tech is not exact ly monolith. Its universal. We work for companies that have their lands in diverse and really interesting things. By its nature or job is going to be very challenging but really interesting. Were all still at it. I would agree. I love a challenge. Thats why im still here. I feel lucky im going of stretched to my capacity every single day. It never gets dull. And part of the solution. My final question was, do you feel like at your jobs you get to follow through on the mission of your companies but do you also have a time to take a deep breath and do they support your thinking . So far it sounds that way. Thinking about the rule at large and respecting these topics. These are scary times with machines getting ahead and ahead of us and article official intelligence and robotics. You feel like youre being thoughtful from as parents, corporate citizens. I agree. I love a challenge. Id be bored. If it wasnt like this, i think most people who take on these roles you know this is its going to be part of it. Its a good day if i finish 30 of the things i thought i was going to do. Thats the number one thing that happens every morning. Some part of your calendar will blow up. Theres a meeting that will get scheduled. Theres something that will happen and you have to be flexible to adjust to that. I think thats great. I do think that some of the things like facial recognition we were talking on the phone and i said my son and they just sent this thing about doing facial recognition so you can find photos of your kid in the camp. There was nothing wrong with the terms of service but i quickly realized that i dont know enough of this to snap a photo of my son, positively identify him and then, you know, figure out what will happen with that later. It does move fast for people in the industry. Clearly were struggling with things like the economic displacement. That will probably put privacy to shame once we deal with making sure everybody understands how privacy works. Whats work going to look like for the next generation. Great topics. Any final words. Are we going to be helpful in our roles to get the law to think about these enormous societal issues being driven by technology. Comfortable that things will be all right. If we dont have hope and promise for that then what are we doing. You dont take on we dont take on these roles lightly. We feel a great responsibility to drive the mission of the company but to do it in the right way and were very committed to that role of lawyers as well. Were briz people for sure but we are lawyers. I do think each of us take that responsibility very, very seriously. Anyone want to add anything else . I just think its incumbent and already happening for us to be working together to sort of help drive those right regulation, those right standards help shape the future. Im going to pop up because its easier for me to applauds. I have to personally say this was a program ive wanted to do for so long. I feel comforted to know we have wise leaders of these companies and extremely gra ll ll lly gra thoughtful they are that they took time out in the summer on a friday to join us. Thank you to the American Bar Association. Thank you to lawrence, phillip. Most of all, im going to do a little yoga here. Thank you so much for all youve done for us. [ applause ] this weekend, saturday at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on lectures in history, the California Gold rush and the environment at 10 00 on real america. The 1977 film on italian newspaper journalist and sunday at 4 30 p. M. Eastern, scholars on the history of u. S. Policy towards iran and Irans Nuclear program. At 6 00, historian dan albert talks about his book, are we there yet explore our nations past on American History tv every weekend on cspan3. Saturday on book tv at 9 10 p. M. Eastern, our interview with disability rights attorney. In her book she details becoming the first deaf blind graduate of Harvard Law School and how she maneuvers through a hearing sighted world. Other students go to school and expect the teachers to teach them. I couldnt do that. I had to think about what might i be missing. What are the potential unknowns here. How can i find those unknowns and all my life has been this process of trying to identify unknowns and figure them out and come up with solutions. At 10 00 p. M. On afterwards, American University professor ibran kendi talks about how book how to be an antiracist. I dont think well meaning people who are trying to be part of the movement against racism recognize that the history of this. When jim crow segregationists say im not racist and today even white nationalists are saying im not racist. Jim mattis recounts his military career and his thoughts on leadership. Watch book tv every weekend on cspan2