Collection. It contains graphic scenes of war that some viewers may find disturbing. 1965, on a 16, aeet in detroit, michigan peaceloving quaker turned herself into a brazing a blazing human torch protesting the United States involvement in vietnam. She appealed to the nations of the world and the american people. Awake and take action before it is too late. Yours is the responsibility to decide if this world shall be a good place to live for all human beings in dignity and peace or if it should blow itself up to oblivion. God is not mocked. Tokyo whose since 1952 had been corresponding with her was one of those to whom she addressed her final note. He was deeply moved by the depths of her concern and her act of selfsacrifice. This led him to compile a collection of her letters to him and the book was published under the title letters for peace. In japan, her story and the book story were given wide publicity. By the royalties on the books, he founded the peace fund in her memory to help the world stricken vietnamese people and the victims of hiroshima and nagasaki because he felt this would be the best way to correspond to her wish. Was shown as a document of the United States war crimes in vietnam and the Bertram Russell international inbunal held in stockholm giftand is presented as a from the peace fund to other countries. We hope this film will be helpful for your work toward peace. Let us work ever harder to hlfill the last wish of mrs. Erz so there will be no war on the earth but peace. The atrocities being committed by america against the vietnamese people have steadily grown worse. Continuous air raids are now going on against the democratic republic of vietnam. At the beginning of 1966, Bertram Russell, the british philosopher, proposed an International War crimes tribunal be organized in the name of freedom and social justice and based on international law. The war crimes committed in vietnam should be judged by the conscience of the world, he said. In support of this appeal, a Japanese Committee for the investigation of war crimes in vietnam was established in october, the same year. Last december, a team consisting of Seven Members was sent to the democratic republic of vietnam from japan. The team of investigators begin their examination of american war crimes in vietnam, walking by foot and seeing with their own eyes. We arrived in hanoi on december the 21st, two days before the christmas ceasefire. The chairman of the committee of the democratic republic of vietnam for the investigation of war crimes and also minister of health and hygiene. A kernel. A colonel. The vicechairman, also chief justice on the supreme court. We started our on the spot survey, dividing the work between us. We started from hanoi to the. Outh along highway number one our team first went down to the 17th parallel. We then carried on our in a number of cities and hanoi. Milesve more than 2000 over 27 days, talked directly with more than 200 witnesses and collected a Great Variety of material evidence. Bombing by the americans is mainly on nonmilitary targets as densely populated districts and villages and cities. The capital of a province is a place of total destruction. Not even the features of this former Industrial Center can be found. Even the building of the International Control commission for supervision of cessation of hostilities established on the geneva agreements was bombed. Churches are no exception. About 1000 tons of bombs have been dropped here in more than 63 air raids. This was the capital of the province. This commercial town in central vietnam, which lies 40 miles from the 17th parallel, has been reduced to rubble. This was a department store. This was a kindergarten. Their targets are only military ones . As you can see, their aim is to destroy our production and wipe us out. City has been bombed 390 times, continuing until today. It started with in the air raids on the north began on february seven, 1965. Hanoi, the capital city of the democratic republic of vietnam, this is how the Residential District and School Buildings look now at the central parts of the city. This gives the complete lie to the United States administration claim that they refrain from bombing nonmilitary targets in hanoi. The facts are evident. The largest commercial city in the delta has also been systematically destroyed everywhere by raids with missiles and rockets. This city was the center of the textile industry. It is now virtually in ruins. Only the monument on a Street Corner shows that workers and their families once were living here. Many educational facilities have been bombed by the United States. More than 120 schools have been destroyed until now. This is all that remains of a middle school. One of the schoolboys says air raids have destroyed all the School Buildings. We had sheltered in the dugout below the passage. We were all buried and narrowly escaped death and crept out again. One woman teacher and 12 pupils across the passage were killed. A crippled boy speaks. It was about 9 00 in the morning on july the 18th. An air raid began as i came home from school. I rushed out in a hurry. Feeling uneasy about my father, i was running to the farm when a bomb came down and i was knocked to the ground. I remember nothing else because i fell unconscious. The band on this girls head is a mourning band. She says before the raids, i used to come home from school very happy with all of my folks. Father, mother, grandfather, and grandmother. But all 13, including an unborn baby, have been killed. Only i am left. Even babies are victims of american air raids. America has systematically attacked hospitals. In the south in particular, they have bombed all provincial and prefectural hospitals. This is the site of the former case 71 tuberculosis hospital. There were some 50 buildings here, all destroyed. 30 people, including five doctors were killed, and many others wounded. This hospital was the object of an attack when the city was first bombed in 1965. It has been bombed 13 times since then. Raids raids have continued, until now it has ceased to function. This nurse injured by a bomb while she was preparing for an operation. She said, americans say only military targets are bombed. This is a downright lie. About a quarter past 7 00 on september 11, 1965, there was a droning of a plane in the southwest. Bang went the bombs, and i was not down, dizzy. I will never forget that the doctor tried to continue the operation, even though he had been badly wounded so that his , innards could almost be seen,. One of the nurses had her head split open and died. Two children are left orphans. American smashed our happy life and our indignation is beyond description. A boy of 14 years, who has lost one of his arms says, i was blown over by a bomb blast while my brother for treatment. Coming to myself, i found one of my arms gone and my brother had been killed. The Hospital Building was marked by a large red cross. Its to structured can not have its destruction could not have been by mistake. In carrying on the criminal war of mass destruction, america is using supersonic jet planes of the latest type. Above all, theyre using the most criminal weapons of extermination. Antipersonal bombs forbidden by international law. We collected and examined different kinds of weapons in the bombed areas. The chemicals used include yellow phosphorus, poison gases, herbicides and defoliators. The chairman of the committee for investigation of war crimes showed that america is making vietnam a proving ground for , including thens Demilitarized Zone on the 17th parallel. Bomb,ews from an atomic the fuse from a cbu. Wallinders scraped off the of hospitals. As part of their strategy, u. S. Planes dropped transistor radios. On the case, the name of hitachi of japan can be read. Forged money. Pencils. Ballpoint pens and erasers were dropped for the same purpose. Ballpoint pen, made in japan. Here we see a pineapple bomb, manufactured specifically for the extermination of people. It weighs 20 pounds. When dropped, it explodes on touching the ground. On detonation, about 250 small steel pellets are scattered and kill everything within 50 feet. This is the ball bomb. The canister bomb unit, or cbu. It is the latest type. An improvement on the pineapple bomb. More effective for killing and maiming. It weighs about one pound. 300 small steel pellets are in its shell. These kill over a range of 10 meters. The ball explodes on landing. The parent bomb carrying these holds 300600 small bombs. It separates into two pieces while falling, and ball bombs scatter over a wide area, about 600 feet and 3000 feet in the direction of flight. The ball bomb cannot destroy military facilities. It is a weapon designed solely for the purpose of mass murder. In the company of the International Investigation team sent by bertrand russell, we listened to the victims of ball bombs. Four children who stayed at home were killed. An iron kettle and a bottle riddled with steel pellets. The city was the testing ground for the mass use of these bombs. The penetration of a steel pellet is enough for a single shot to prove fatal. Although the wound is small, the pellet causes complex injury inside the body. It can be found only by xray. It is impossible for massproduced victims to be treated quickly. This shows the back of a victim who received ball bomb wounds all over his body. Here we see a patient undergoing surgical treatment. The dark dots on these fingers caused by a cbu bomb. There is no doubt the ball bomb is a weapon of mass destruction, strictly forbidden by international law. In the rural areas, we were able to confirm the mass use of ball bombs and their vast spread of destruction. The white marks on the field show where each of the bombs fell. Here, we see the countless shot holes made by small steel pellets on the farmhouse wall. A hospital was attacked 13 times napalm bombs forbidden by international law. We confirmed the use of napalm and brought some back with us. Napalm burns with terrific heat of more than 1000 degrees centigrade. The death rate from it is very high. Now the even more terrible super napalm is being used. That is napalm mixed with yellow phosphorus. The poison of yellow phosphorus penetrates the skin and causes deadly functional disorders. Are the of napalm one suffered by the hiroshima victims of the United States atomic bomb. A victim of napalm in South Vietnam. This mans arm is actually welded to his body. The mission of the National Front for liberation of South Vietnam in hanoi. The head of the mission talks about the present situation in South Vietnam. American imperialists and their government are guilty of every kind of work crime, such as scorchedearth operations, chemical warfare, forced concentration of the inhabitants into socalled strategic hamlets, experiments with new types of death weapons, and so on. Here is the evidence of a victim of american aggression in the south and is now receiving medical treatment in the north. She says, when i was 18, i was arrested three times and tortured for three years. For no other reason than that i was for a united election as stipulated in the geneva agreements. As aly i was thrown out corpse in a field. Before i went to prison, i wait 256 pounds. When i was thrown out, my weight was only 122 pounds. It is seven years since then. Inside and outside of my body, im covered with injuries. In prison, there were 240 people, 14 of whom have survived. America has bombed dams, dikes, channels and other irrigation facilities. They are trying to destroy the people by floods and trying to destroy agriculture. Theyre doing saturation bombing of dikes and irrigation facilities in the delta zones, where there is dense population and good crops. Even small canals used for irrigation have been attacked with rockets. There are no military facilities in the neighborhood of dikes so destroyed. The factt search that such raids are carried out during the rainy season confirms the real intention of the american imperialists. Farmhouses have not been excluded from bombing attacks. House, a family of parents and a child were killed instantly while setting a table. A schoolchild of a farmer living in the next house was also killed. This woman from the same village tells about her four children killed before her eyes. How sad i am. I was robbed of my husband without a single word. My only child also died in my arms on the way to the hospital. I can still feel him in my arms. I am left alone. I will never give way. We had built a happy life through a painful struggle. I burn with anger against the americans who have destroyed my happiness. I will fight until there is not a single american in vietnam. I hope you will make this cruelty of america known to all the people of the world. She gave us a dress which she had treasured in memory of her youngest child. She asked us to present it to japanese mothers as a memento. This orphan boy told us his mother, older brother and younger sister were all killed instantly. Then he said, i want to study hard and train myself and i will fight the americans to the last. I hope japanese boys and girls will also fight handinhand with us vietnamese. This is formerly a fishing village, line 13 miles from the 17th parallel. First destroyed all of the houses with bombs and napalm. Then, cutting off the retreat of the people, they dropped a great number of antipersonnel pineapple bombs. This was calculated mass murder. In this way, three hamlets of the village were completely wiped off the map. We had an interview with an american pilot held as a prisoner of war. Lieutenant commander Charles Tanner from the Aircraft Carrier sea, which uses japan as it space. What were the tactics you used in your bombing attacks . The tactics were to circle the town with fragmentation bombs so as to drive the people into their air raid shelters in the middle of the town. As the people went into their air raid shelters, another pass was made to drop napalm to burn them out of the shelters. As they ran from the shelters out of the town, cbu was dropped on theu outskirts of town to achieve total annihilation. Could you distinguish between military and nonmilitary targets . We could. We started reconnaissance. In most cases, you can distinguish between them. Was at the method used . What was your purpose. The village was attacked for that purpose. To demoralize the people. So they would put pressure on their government to force a compromise. President ho chi minh of the democratic republic of vietnam. Together with the International Investigation team, we met the president. Condemning america for its war crimes against the vitamins emphasized premier that cannot be peace in vietnam without unity for all the people of vietnam. Hanoi, we held to press interviews. The deputy leader of the group speaks. And what i have seen with my own eyes and dust with my own hands, i accept that what the United States administration is a lie, totally false. Another member of the team says my impression and Firm Conviction is america is using the vietnamese people as guinea pigs on whom they are testing their new weapons. Harrison from the new york times, wolf burchett, a famous australian journalist. These acts by the United States a crime ofstitute aggression against the democratic republic of vietnam, a crime against peace and against humanity, the crime of ,nlawful and inhumane weapons chemicals, and gases that are forbidden by international law, using military tactics on noncombatants, and so on. We earnestly hope the results of our investigation into these criminal acts will make a contribution to winning a great victory for vietnam and for independence, freedom, and peace for the vietnamese people. This weekend on American History tv, tonight at 8 p. M. Eastern on lectures in history, comparisons between Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson on because edition. If you look at the whole cartoon, its a very different picture of what people thought of johnson at the time. Not that he was a defender come up and he did not understand the constitution, it was above his ability, and he was acting in unconstitutional ways. Sunday, a preview of the exhibit at the national archives. Beginning in 1776, when new jersey became a state, the new jersey state constitution made no mention of sex when discussing voting qualifications. It only had a property requirement. So women who owns enough could and did vote in at the local, state, and national level. Presidency,e author john farrell talks about nixons career. Thee campaigned for marshall plan. He went to every chamber of commerce, every American Legion hall. Every crowd that would take him. Them that he owed them is best judgment, not obedience. He did not just when the wonublican nomination, he the demographic the democratic nomination. Explorer American History tv every weekend on cspan3. The cspan cities tour travels the country exploring taking book story, tv and American History tv on thirdad every first and weekend of the month to learn about history and literary life. Our tour continues as we visit