Share with us firsthand accounts of their experience during the holocaust. Each of our firstperson guests serves as a volunteer here at this museum. Our program will continue until august 8. The Museum Website is www. Usaid ww. Ush. Orgw provides information. She will share her first person account of her experience during the holocaust and as a survivor for about 45 minutes. If we have time at the end of the program, we will have an opportunity for you to ask her questions. If we dont get to your questions today, please join us in our online conversation, never stop asking why. The conversation aims to inspire individuals to ask the important questions holocaust history raises. You can ask your question and tag the museum on twitter, facebook and instagram using holocaustmuseuam and the hashtag askwhy. Please look at the first person website listed on your program. What you are about to hear is one individuals account of the holocaust. We have prepared a brief slide presentation to help with her introduction. Born januarywas 31, 1938 in zagreb, yugoslavia, presentday croatia. We see her sitting on a park bench with her younger brother. On this match map of yugoslavia in 1933, the arrow points to zagreb. In this motor we see dora on an outing to the zoo with her parents solomon and silva. Solomon ran a brush making factory and silva was a teacher. Pictured here is her maternal grandfather, rabbi look Joseph Leopold deutsch. When she was visiting her grandparents in the small town of germany invaded yugoslavia. Ais town became part of puppet state run by the croatian fascists. In june 1941 doras parents and her brother were arrested. Their housekeeper was able to the brother, and infant, out of prison. From then on, dora and her brother were sheltered by her mothers sister. We see the aunt and uncle here in this photo taken any years later. We close with this portrait of the aunt, she and her brother meant to be sent to the after he had been interned in the concentration camp. In 1943 the aunt was announced and sent to auschwitz where she perished. Dora remained in yugoslavia until 1957, and in 1958 immigrated to the United States. In 1957 on her way to switzerland, she met daniel klayman, returning to new york from a year of postdoctoral study as a fulbright scholar in india. They were married in switzerland a year later and together arrived in the United States in the fall of 1958. The following year dan and dora came to washington, dc and dan began his career as a researcher in medicinal chemistry at the Walter Reed Army institute. His work dominated in his expertise in Drug Development against malaria. After the birth of their two children, wanda and elliott, dora resumed her education, getting degrees in french and teaching english as a second language. She taught in montgomery county, maryland Public Schools including 23 years at Bethesda Chevy Chase High School where she headed the english as a second language department. Dan passed away in 1992. Both of their children live in the washington area. Wanda is the Deputy Assistant director of an International Association that deals with transportation. Elliott is a freelance videographer and owns a Video Production company. He is married and has three 24, 22 and 15. After dora retired from fulltime teaching in 1999, she became active as a volunteer with this museum. Her work here consists of translating and helping to Research Material from the holocaust written in croatian, bosnian and serbian. Her original project was connected to the archive. We will hear later, that was a major concentration camp in croatia. Other projects for her included the translation of a booklet that accompanied in 1942 antisemitic exhibit in croatia and the translation of the captions on a large archive of photographs that have been gathered during the post world war ii trials in yugoslavia. To add to her link which skills, she continues to learn hebrew. She enjoys traveling. She has been to israel several times where she was happy to reunite with her cousins and their families. Some of her travels are connected to learning more about the events and aftermath of the holocaust. She has attended several conferences of the International Organization of child survivors including in poland in 2011 when she visited auschwitz for the first time and in berlin in 2014 where she was impressed by the effort made by that country to teach about and remember the holocaust. In 2014 she visited the memorial site of the infamous concentration camp in croatia or most of her family perished very last summer she returned to croatia, visiting the cemetery at the former concentration camp , probably the site of her mothers death. She speaks publicly in other settings including small groups are in the museum and local schools in the vicinity, and recently added Interdenominational Services for yom ha shoah. Please welcome mrs. Dora klayman. [applause] dora, thank you so much for joining us, being willing to be our firstperson today. You have so much to share with us in our short one hour to doug other one hour together. We will get right to it. You were three years old when world war ii came directly to yugoslavia in 1941, when it was attacked i germany. Before we turn to the horrors of , start by telling us about your family and your community in the years before the war. Family hadnt been in croatia for a very long time when the war actually happened. By a very long time, i mean not for generations. My father was actually born in romania, but they immigrated into yugoslavia when he was a very done child. And then they settled in some grub. My mothers family in zagreb. My foot mothers family my mothers family came to a small town north of zagreb near the hungarian border. They came so that my grandfather could serve asvery done child. And then they settled in some rabbi to a small Jewish Community there. Slovakiaally came from , and they had when they arrived, they had two children and that they had two more including my mother. My mother was the youngest. At the by the time war started, my grandfather had been a rabbi there for two years. They had been living there for a long time, just not generations. By the time war came around, all the children of my mothers family had been working. My mother in particular became a teacher. An Elementary School teacher. Then married my father who came in from zagreb and they moved to zagreb. The other children in the family, especially important members of the family, to me, re might mothers sister mothers sister who was married and had two children, and the sister who was older and who was actually born outside of croatia, with whom who arrived with the parents early on. She was 15 years older than my mother, so she was almost a motheri mother quasi to my mother. She was 15 years older than my tookr, so she very much care of my mother and eventually took care of me. Said, ran thisou factory. , then byd the craft the time war started, there were about 12 workmen, and they were prospering and doing well. That is more or less the family. Bill you explained to me that , theyr mothers hometown had been an integrated community. What did you mean by that . Theodora i mean that there was littley some, but very in comparison to other places overt antisemitism. Grandfatherered, my that wouldnor events , andbeled as antisemitic he served as a translator for germanhungarian, in he taught jewish children the religious classes that they had in the Elementary School. The Elementary School children had religious education as part of their day, and the catholic the orthodox and myr was there grandfather taught the jewish children. The Jewish Community was rather welltodo,airly and they were either store owners or there was a lawyer, a doctor. Is thatresting thing you take a look at pictures, which are available online, take a look at pictures of the community and there are tennis and catholics playing together. 100 was practically 90 Roman Catholic world. Serb orthodoxe villages around there, but generally, this was a catholic world. Integration and certain economic and educational integration. Bill thank you for explaining that. When germany launched its attack on yugoslavia in 1941, you were away from side grab on a visit a visit with relatives. Tell us about why you are away and what happened when the germans came into yugoslavia . Because ii was away was three years old and my baby, myst had another brother. He was three years younger. We were both born in january 3 years apart. Visit and myme to parents decided to send me to visit with my grandparents because there was an opportunity to get me on the train. I have that image, being on the train was very exciting. Even though i was very young, i remember. I still dont know why i was sent. They all knew that the war was imminent, but i dont think that was the reason they sent me. I think they sent me because first of all to visit grandparents and aunts and the other one, possibly, because my mother just had a baby, so it was a good thing to send me away for a bit. I just happened to be at my april, when that germany invaded. Bill let me jump in for a minute. You said they knew that war was probably imminent. Did your parents or other members of the family, did any make attempts to try to leave yugoslavia before the germans came in . Theodora not before. There was actually no place to go. That was the problem. That is what we are talking about a lot these days. People say why didnt you leave, but there was no place to go. That was one thing. , i dont thing is think they knew exactly how things were going to work out. Eventually, some people tried to uncle,and my aunt and with my two cousins did manage to get passes to leave. Where to . To the italian zone. I dont want to jump ahead, but what happened when germany invaded, the country of yugoslavia fell apart. Partsr less into the same that it is in now, in that croatia became a country, werenia, serbia and so on really taken over by germany, but the part of croatia that is along the adriatic, which everyone these days wants to visit, it is very beautiful, that was actually occupied by italy. Were, i think it was , that i dont know italians dealt with jews in a much more humane way than germans and that it turned out the local population did not deal with us very well. So, how did croatia become a country all of the sudden by itself . It was certainly not an independent country, though that is what it called itself. It called itself independent state of croatia. It was a puppet government. How did that become . There was a political right, very nationalistic right that itselfto have croatia by members of other former yugoslavia, which of course, yugoslavia became a country after world war i. Jewswanted to have the they talked about what was jews. Free of the croatian right wing did not succeed. They did not succeed in taking over the country by democratic pact, so they made a instead, they went to italy on their own and got themselves together, made a pact with , there is ah hitler picture you can see with the head of that government shaking hands with hitler. They made a pact. Germans, let us run this country and we will do whatever you want us to do and we will all be nice. That is how they came to power. Then, as they said, they would run everything exactly the way the germans wanted them. That is exactly what they did. Question, myh the to getd uncle managed these passes to go to the italian zone, but unfortunately, never made it all the way. The head of the government said, just return and you will be fine. He made a proclamation and they believed it. So, they returned only to be taken, sent to concentration camps in a very short time. Uncle and aunt and other family members learned that your parents had been arrested and sent to a concentration camp, but that your brother had been saved from deportation. Tell us about what happened to your parents and about your brother and how you were able to leave to be reunited with your brother. You told us you were away. Theodora right. Actually, my parents got the deportation started fast after they took over. They barely had the time to establish camps and they were starting to deport people. First they were deporting them formerrmer hospitals hospitals or other places they would find spaces, but eventually, there were camps. Taken fairlyre early and they were not yet in camps. They were in the transfer camps. They were still in zagreb before they were actually shipped away. Whatousekeeper found out askeded and she went and if she could have my baby handed, and my mother allowed er and gave the baby to be housekeeper in the hope that she would call the relatives and he would safe, which she did, and so, she uncle andaunt and my. Hey came to get him i have a fairly clear memory of his arrival. The baby was crying. Bill that is one of the early memories you have upcoming into the house. In 1942, your parents have been deported, you and your baby brother are living with your aunt and uncle. In 1942, your uncle was arrested and sentenced to the concentration camp. You and your brother remained with your aunt. Tell us about your uncles imprisonment and what that meant for you and your brother, living with her aunt. It might be worth explaining your uncle. Theodora also probably backing off a little bit timewise, because in 1942, what happened was all the jews were deported. That happened much before my uncle was deported. Bill he was not jewish. Theodora he was not jewish. And my uncle were in love for a very long time. , she wass i mentioned 15 years older than my brother and he was 10 years older than she, which played a role. He was her boss in a sense. She was working in the local bank and he was one of the directors of the bank. Love but they did not get married for a very long time. , later on i used to ask him, why did you not get married for such a long time . He would say, she was very happy living with her mother and i was happy living with my mother, so there was no need. It is an excuse, i am sure. She wast want to say, jewish and i was not and there were problems. Not the kindwere that one can imagine. There were no problems within the family. Peoples a picture which can see online if they want of the whole family. Everybody is jewish except my uncle who is in the center. It is a picture of my parents wedding, so he was always included in everything, but neither was converting to the others religion. There was no civil ceremony available in yugoslavia. Bill on the religious marriage. Theodora there were only religious marriages. At one point before the war started, the war was raging in the rest of europe, they went to hungary, which had a civil , civil system of marriage. In 1939. Married they thought of course that it would save her, because they had heard that sometimes in mixed marriages, the one that was not jewish could save the spouse who was jewish. So they got married. That is who they were. Andg also again everyone was there. Bill i might mention, your uncle was a fairly prominent man. Theodora a very prominent man. He was the Bank Director and had been a mayor. He was very wellknown, very highly respected in that town. Was totally into music, played the violin, had a group that played Chamber Music and was truly a pillar of the society. Family was sort of a minor aristocracy, but strangely enough, not very healthy. His brothers and sisters pretty much died young and none of them married before dying. They were all young, dying of tuberculosis and all kinds of things that people used to die of that we would now cure with time ilin, so by the came on the scene, there was only one sister alive. Of the 12 of them. Married and she was , so she was the only person i actually ever got to know of that family, except very distant cousins. Anyway, back to the deportations. Deportations were awful. Have,s one memory that i it was 1942, so i was like four remember, but i everybody coming to our house, i with them and everybody coming, carrying satchels and i remember pillows and saying goodbye to me and crying. My brother and i were there and i am sure i didnt know what was going on, but i know that everybody else was very upset. It was upsetting to me as a child. That was that. They disappeared and they were off to which became horrible camps. Bill we will come back to that. So here you are with your aunt and uncle and then your uncle, who is not jewish, he gets arrested. Theodora there was a reason for that and i need to start with. The reason for that, that was 1943 now, somewhat later the reason for that was, even though croatia was so happy to accept all of the german nuremberg laws , a lot of people did not go along with that. Of course, croatia now had its own army, its own laws. Lawshe laws where the same that germany had. Bill so all the restrictions. Theodora no jobs, no school. All your worldly goods were confiscated and you had to write down everything you owned. Museumre papers in this that we found that our my little down onead to write necklace, one winter coat, three dresses. Reported. Had to be it could be taken away. Of course, housing, all of that. So, a lot of people did not go along with that. Many in croatia at the time, hats off, because they not only did not go along quietly, but they went into the mountains and. Ecame a partisan force it started slowly and more and more people went and eventually, it became quite a force that fought the nazis. I saw very few germans at any point. Forces. Y saw the other there was constant fighting. Part wherento the the partisans would be in the and the others were in the town. Andpartisans would attack those were horrible fights. Sometimes, the partisans would win and sometimes the others. Was liberatedy for a certain time. Since they were not very happy, they would look for who is responsible. One of the things they said is the people in town are probably helping them. Is they gathered some of the regarded people in town, including my uncle, and there were about five of them i think and they sent them that is how we ended up there. The difference between sending jews and sending someone like my uncle was in a sense that he was a prisoner of war. Im sorry, he was a political prisoner. He was a political prisoner and Political Prisoners were treated somewhat differently. They were given a sentence of sort. Short jews, like the first group of my family that went, they were just killed outright or put to work and fed extremely meager circumstances with hardly any food and hardly any shelter from weather. Miserable people would be thrown into rivers. Father never made it into the camp. He was hit on the head with a shovel on the way in and was killed. It was an extremely brutal bill most of us, i am sure it is true of our audience, it was true of me until i had met you i had never heard of them. It was especially brutal. Theodora it was an especially brutal place. Place especially brutal and it was brutal without being so organized, like auschwitz. We know people were counted and castized and people were this way and that way. This was much more ad hoc. And were brutal people people were killed in every which way. Bill buried alive. Theodora i dont know so much burying alive. That would be too much trouble. There were other places where they would have to dig a large number and throw them in. One thing i have to say about isenovac before i forget jews as i said, it held who there were a fairly large number in croatia. Most importantly, serbs. It is important because it is still something that hangs over former yugoslavia and in a sense, was one of the moments in the breakup of yugoslavia. Is, it is like, if you kill me then i kill you so there is never an end. There was never any true reconciliation or examination of what really happened or truthfully dealing with numbers and so on. The with your uncle in re, what was it like for him . Theodora he was in a sense very because, the reason i talked about his age, he was born in 1885 and he was frail at like much of his family. He probably would not have made it through, but he did survive. He saw my father there. My father was still alive because my father was young and strong and they put him to work. He was starving, but he was still alive. Returneds that when he and i know how my father ended up. He wase, they knew that a banker, so they put him to run their accounts. Clearing the problems of the river and building things or running, it was a Brick Factory and a chain factory. Factory. A tanning i wouldnt call it factory. These are workshops. Instead of doing that kind of thing, he was put into an office to run the paperwork. Him, and there was a person in that office that was kind to him and gave him some extra food. After the war, the reverse had happened and that guy ended up being incarcerated by the new government and i remember my uncle sending him some packages. I sort of wish that i knew who that person was, but i dont. Bill while your uncle is now at jasenovac, you are with your brother with your aunt. Denouncedour aunt is and taken. Theodora yes. She was denounced. I must say that my brother and i were there, too, and nobody denounced us. Nobody was paying attention to us. It seems like how did we go there . They camenounced and and picked her up and as she was running off, trying to save herself, trying to get into the attic of the house next door, she went by the nextdoor neighbors and the name of the , please take said the children. Family,this catholic , a fatherary family and mother and three children aunt wasn and my caught and got deported to auschwitz. You only recently learned what happened to her. Recently, because we have the archives from germany here at the museum now. Able to get the record that she was there and it says intestinal i dont know, problems. Course, you will die of intestinal problems if you live in concentration camps, exposed to diseases and you are suffering from malnutrition. It didnt necessarily have to be gas. You can die in other ways. Bill theodora yes. My uncle just returned. He tried to follow her and save her. There was no way of saving her because she had gotten to germany. I needed to say that during the wee i was with the family, had armed forces bivouacked in our backyard. We were renting an apartment. Thats where the family lived. We were told, my brother and i, her mom,eed to call and so we did. My brother called her mom from then on. To know thatugh she was not my mom. I was able to switch. If somebody was there that i did thats she had a different name. I would call her mom if there was someone there. I could switch back and forth. The local people knew who you were. No onet steve denounced you. Bill no one denounced me theodora no one denounced me. See aody wanted to go visitor. I wasnt allowed. It was dangerous. Sometimes i would have to wear a hat because i had a redhead i was a flaming redhead. Redheads. t any i was shocked to find how many redheads there are. My brother and i were redheads. There were times when we hated, how we hid in the basement. You were baptized as catholics during that time. Why did that happen . Theodora during the time i was with the family, my brother and was an observant catholic, the mother, there was a local priest who is not sympathetic to the jewish cause. He told her at one point, what about these children . What are we going to do about them . A threat. Time to havet was us baptized to save us. Backat point, my uncle was , and she must have told him. They decided the one thing to do would be to baptize us. Bill i believe that particular priest was tried and convicted after the war. Your uncle is back and he tried to find his wife and of course, it was too late. Now you are living in a battleground. The words coming to the latter stages. Tell us about that time. Theodora we are in an area where we were able to be close to the mountains. Now they are becoming a real force. There will be battles. Often, the bullets would be going through our house. Time when we were not able to hide in the basement. Living roomin the and i remember that. , where in a corner could be shielded by the walls. We were living in a house that was built in the 800s. The bullets would come through the window. Iacocca was in the room next door. It will through three flew through my bedroom window and into the place where he had been sleeping. In a way, i saved his life. By the time the war ended, the house, we had armoires there were all pierced with bullets. Something look like the child would do with a napkin, little holes. Sometimes we were able to run to the basement. It was not an americanstyle basement. It was a seller. Cellar. To get you had to get out of the house to get them. There was a dirt floor. We stare barrels with wine and fruit and vegetables. Tiny windows. It was a safe place. Jumping around. I thought it was fine. Im sure it was not easy to be. We stayed there for a while. We had a car down there. Cot downn there there. In the morning, you appear out and see who was in charge. You would year out and peer out and see who was in charge. If the party was in charge, you could be free. I have one image in my head of looking through the windows when they didnt want me to. There were carts being pulled by horses, filled with bodies. It was a brutal time. They would retaliate. There was one time when my aunt was gone and we had somebody helping us in the house. She wanted to go to the movies. She took me along, the lady who was taking care. She was holding my eyes closed. But i could see. Square, on every tree, it was full of trees, and on every tree, there was one body hanging because they had cut some the partisans and hung them. Bill thats the image you remember. You shared with me that, for you as a child, the terror was not being arrested and deported, it was being killed by gunfire and explosions. Immediate. Theodora yes. I didnt understand what it means to be deported to a concentration camp. Gone and cousins were they had disappeared. They had been killed, but i dont know what extent. You survived that. The war ends, it is you, your brother and your uncle. Thats three of you. Tell us about the worst. Tell us about tell us about the wars. Tell us about how your uncle tried to resume his life with two little children he is caring for. Theodora the war ended and there was an expectation , andsomebody would return for a long time, people on the street would ask me, are you hoping your parents would return . Thateason for that was there were rumors that people were taken to russia and sent to siberia, whatever. Of course, that wasnt so. There were people who survived. One of my uncles my mothers side and one uncle on my fathers side survived as prisoners of war. Armywere in the yugoslav when war started. Another uncle of my fathers was survived because he that she and his fiancee escape were on thisd they kastner train that ended up in , eventually i heard from them. Back, het come remained in switzerland and i connected with him later. Two uncles who returned, they came to see if anyone there was alive. Especially my fathers brother wanted very much to take my brother and me, but we did not know him and we did not want to want tomy uncle did not give us up. Thats all he had left now. He adopted us legally in 1956. The two uncles that wanted us to go with them, were not successful. One thing that happened was, was they asked me if i wanted to stay or go with them. I said, im staying. At age seven, i had to make that decision. I stayed. They both laughed. They eventually ended up in what is now israel. They both remarried. Their spouses were killed. Them was not married before but he also made two other survivors. Married another survivor. Eyes is brother did see. He came to my wedding. Not long after you were adopted, your brother died. Yes. Ora war, heurvived the contracted scarlet fever and died. In townildren contracted it. They must have had a weak heart. There were no antibiotics them. He died quickly. It was just my uncle and i from then on. Recall aboutn you when your brother died, the impact on your uncle. Hisas adopted you and lost wife, your aunt, and has now lost his adopted son. It was devastating. I dont know if he ever got over it. He concentrated on taking care of me. It was a very loving person. I had a very good home. We had housekeepers and so on. They tried to do their best, and becauseup going away there was no Academic High School in that town. It was 25 kilometers away. That was before cars. Trains took an hour. I never mentioned, there is so ,uch to talk about, but in camp they knew he could play the hadin and that he had groups before. They wanted to be entertained. Choir and theya were putting performances on. To my uncle, it was always music. I had to go to music school in the afternoon and regular school in the morning. So i was staying inside of the town. Connectedint, i had to my uncle in switzerland. Bill what you to tell us about that. Left, with thee context for our audience, you are living under a communist government. We went from fascism to communism just like that. It was impossible to leave yugoslavia. My uncle from switzerland wrote to me and said, can i come and z . Sit the communist government what is called a victim of fascism. I was given a passport. Bill because you had this designation. Theodora yep. Thats what got me a visa. When i was in 10th grade, i went to switzerland, and that is the first time i saw any of my family. Since i was a very young child. I found myself in an Orthodox Jewish family. My aunt and uncle had two children. Of them was seven and seven at that time and another was one. It was quite a shock. At that point, i had no knowledge of anything jewish. A catholic living in country, but no one was looking at anyone living during the communist regime. They are a lovely family. I enjoyed being with them. I was there for a month, then they said, when you go back, why dont you try to come here when you are at university, and that is what happened. I got permission again. It is fairly unusual to get permission to leave in a communist world. Bill to go to a western country. You go to switzerland with them. How was that for the uncle your uncle . Theodora hard. I felt very bad leaving him behind. That it was going to be for one year. Thatl go back in a year would go and study french and i would be fine. I just want you to hear how she met her husband. Theodora i got on the train to go to switzerland and study for a year. Train there were three young men having a lovely discussion in the hallway. In the european train, you have a compartment in a hallway. This train was full. They were arguing in the hallway. In english. From studied english eighth grade on. English loved the language. I became an english major. Actuallyopportunity to hear native speakers in english or be able to speak it to a native speaker. I was trying to hear what they were talking about. 1957. The terrible things that happened in little rock, arkansas, with children not being allowed to get into high school and not allowing kids to enter high school. Eventually, they had to send their troops to prevent these children from being maligned. One of the guys was a yugoslav. The one being accused was american. Thats who was being told what kind of country as this is this . How can you be like that . The young man was saying, it is not me. Its not most of us. Most of us believe in freedom and equality for all. Im sure this will end. When the discussion ended, i pass through the hallway and this young man who is being this bad activity by the American Government said to me, pretty red hair. I smiled. I said, you speak english. We spoke english and we talked for a while. He got off and i continued. We exchanged addresses. He wrote to me and i wrote back. A year later, he returned and we were married. Bill you moved here in 1958. You are able to see your uncle again. Theodora we cannot go back. Could not go back. I was worried i would be able to come out again if i went back. Not be able to come out again if i went back. This was not going to work. I did not go back. I went back as soon as i could, which means i got american citizenship as fast as i could. I had two children already at that time. People think you get citizen like that when you get married. It doesnt work that way. You have to wait several years and apply. , and i was able to go twice on these trips. To take off for europe. Before heto go twice passed away. Bill i think we have to and our program. There is so much she had to skip over as you can guess. Doraoing to turn back to and close out the program. Done, she will remain on the stage and we , come anyone in the areas up the stage and meet her. Get your picture taken with her. Ask that question. She will stay on stage. What you think you all for being with us. Weeks itrograms, most is wednesdays and thursdays. Untildays and thursdays august 8. You can of our programs on the youtube channel. Its our tradition at first person that our first person gets the last word. With that, i will turn back to dora to change close todays program. I will invite you to come up when she is finished. Theodora i wrote something down sure thatwanted to be you get my message in a straight way. When i visited the concentration camp last year, they were 50 children who were murdered there. In the most awful way. To see the graves was unbelievable. Why were they graves to begin with . Someone took it upon themselves to put down the names when they were burying them. That, thinking of a friend of mine also, we were at the funeral yesterday. She was separated from her parents. When she was a baby, she was born in the concentration camp in a ghetto, im sorry. The warsaw ghetto. Through aled her out contest to a catholic family who through to a catholic family. Go back towant to her parents after the war ended. It must have been awful to be separated from her parents and then to have to go back to her parents, not knowing who they were. And ihinking of that, also think about my baby brother , who was separated from our mother so that he would survive. Byony felt by mother my mother is on my mind as i hear the events at the southern border. Young children, even babies being separated from their parents. All i can say is not now, not here, not in this country. No. This is not the holocaust. Its not the best we can do, either. I want to join those on both sides of the spectrum who asked for an end of the practice of separating families. For the best possible care for the children. Having lived through the holocaust, i find it imperative to plead for the humane treatment of those who seek our help. I will continue to speak about theast and the hope that reminder of the past may inspire us all, to see the cut tolerance, compassion, empathy and respect for others makes for a better world for all. Thank you for being here. [applause] you are watching American History tv, every weekend beginning saturday at 8 00 a. M. , we bring you 48 hours of unique programming, exploring our nations past. American history tv is only on cspan3. American history tv products are available at this he spent online store. Go to cspan store. Org to see what is new for American History tv and check out all of the cspan products. This weekend on american artifacts, visit the library of congress in washington dc to see the 1831 autobiography written in arabic. He was a muslim scholar from west africa who is captured, sold into slavery and shipped to South Carolina in the early 1800s. Heres a preview. He was a scholar. He was born in what is now senegal. Between the rivers of senegal probably a full learning. , one of the largest and most important tribes of west africa. They number about 40 Million People now. And grew up and went school,chool went to one of the mosques where he learned to read and write in arabic. He was caught between a tribal conflict and having seen a large army coming in. Whichre came a large army killed many men and took me and sold me into the hands of the christians, who bound me and set me on board a great ship and we sailed upon the great sea for mother to have. When we came to a place it called charleston in the christian language. There they sold me to a small, weak and wicked man, a complete infidel who had no fear of god. Here ismportant thing that it survived. People thought it was important enough to carry it on. There were probably others written by people who were enslaved. Existinghe only known manuscript in arabic. It is written by a slave in the u. S. It is the only one. About the author slave accountown written in arabic at the clock p. M. Eastern on american artifacts on American History tv. Produced by the Japanese Committee for the investigation of u. S. War crimes in vietnam, testimony of truth was found between december 1966 in january 1967. Detail civilian injuries and deaths caused by u. S. Bombing in north vietnam. At theted in may of 1967 Bertrand RussellInternational War crimes tribunal in stockholm, sweden and comes to us courtesy of the Swarthmore College peace collection. It contains graphic scenes of war that some viewers may find disturbing. In 1965 on a street in michigan, a woman 82 years old turned herself into a blazing human torch in protest of the u. S. War in vietnam. Note accusing lyndon b. Johnson for the creator of this world, she appealed to the nations of the world and american